省略句、倒装句、强调句部分

省略是指在不产生语言错误，不引起误解和歧义的条件下，删去句中某些部分。省略

那些使句子冗长的现象，减少不必要的重复，信息中心突出，是强调手段之一。例如：

Fruit and vegetables should be carefully washed whether ( they are) eaten fresh or cooked.（不管是生吃还是熟吃，水果和蔬菜都应该认真地洗一洗。） —Has the deadline passed? （最后期限过去了吗？） —( The deadline has) Not yet (passed).（还没有。）

省略可以使句子结构更为紧凑，句间关系更为密切，是话语单位和语篇中连接手段之一。例如： Pushkin was Russia's greatest poet，and Tolstoy( was) her greatest novelist.（普希金是俄国最伟大的诗人，托尔斯泰是俄国最伟大的小说家。）

—We are bound to win the prize some day or other.（我们总有一天会获奖的。） —Yes，but when (shall we win the prize)?（是的，不过是哪一天呢？）

一、按照省略所依据的条件，省略可分为上下文省略、语境省略和语法结构省略 （一）依赖于上下文的省略

这类省略常见于并列结构和结构相似的句子。—般可以从省略句的上下文中找出被省略的部分。例如： Would a check-person at a large supermarket return money to a customer? It is less likely.（一家大的超级市场的收银员会把多收的钱还给顾客吗？可能性较小。）(it代指被省略的部分：that check-person at a large supermarket would return money to a customer.)

If you want me to，I'll go and buy more colored paper.（如果你要我去多买些彩纸我就去买。）（从句中被省略的部分：to go and buy more colored paper。） （二）依赖于语境的省略

这类省略不依赖于上下文，而依赖于语言之外的东西——语言的情景。只有通过对语言情景的理解才能知道句中省略了什么。例如：

Ever seen one of these before? （你以前看到过其中的一个吗？）(完整的句子为：Have you ever seen one of these before?)

Get it? （你得到了吗？／你懂了吗？／……）（完整的句子为：Did you get it? /Do you get it?） （三）语法结构的省略

在这类省略中，只要知道句子的结构便可知道被省略的部分。例如： We walked (for) several miles.（我们走了好几英里。）

The club meets(on) Monday evenings. （这个俱乐部在每周一晚上聚会。）

They were caught by Italian guerrillas on April 27 while (they were) trying to escape to Switzerland and executed after a brief trial。（4月27日，当他们试图逃往瑞士时，被意大利游击队抓获，经简短审讯后，即被处决。）

二、按被省略内容的形式，省略又可分为名词性省略，动词性省略和句子省略 （一）名词性省略

名词性省略指名词词组中的省略现象。例如：

If you need any of that firewood, I can give you plenty (of it). (如果你需要那种柴火，我可以给你许多。）

We do know that children didn't hear their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes —there weren’t any(income taxes then).（我们的确知道，过去的孩子听不到父母谈论在所得税上欺骗政府的事——那时候还没有所得税。） （二）动词性省略

动词性省略指动词词组中的省略现象。有时省略动词，有时省略助动词。例如：

Einstein watched the toy in delight, trying to deduce the operating principle. But he couldn't( deduce it.)

（爱因斯坦高兴地注视着玩具，试图推断出它的运动原理。但没有能够想出来。）

One of her brothers was killed at Gettysburg，another( was) taken prisoner.（她有个兄弟死

在葛底斯堡战场上，还有一位当了俘虏。） （三）句子省略

句子省略指整个句子或从句被省略掉，但有时只省略一部分。例如：

I asked her when she would leave, and she said she didn't know(when she would leave)．（我

问她什么时候走，她说她不知道。)（句中省略了整个宾语从句。）

—Does Gina know where her guitar is?（吉娜知道她的吉他在哪儿吗？）

—She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know whose( it is) .

（她看到有人顺手拿走了一个吉他，但是她不知道是谁的吉他。）（句中省略了宾语从句的大部分，只留引导词whose。）

Exercise 24

I .把下列句子改为省略句

1.I'm very glad to meet you here, and I hope we can meet again soon.

2.Tom doesn't think that there will be bad results.

3.Doing exercises everyday can make you healthy and having a good habit can make you healthy,

too.

4.—Do you often go to see a film at weekends? —I seldom go to see a film at weekends.

5.—How much money should I have to pay for the coat? —You should give 1000 yuan for the coat.

6.He was late because he had overslept and because he had missed the train.

7.I don't wish to take part in this protest, and I do not intend to take part in it. 8.Reading exercises one's eyes, speaking exercises one's tongue; while writing exercises

one's mind.

9.She is now as diligent in her studies as she was diligent then.

10.China's trading area is many times larger than it was large ten years ago.

Ⅱ.选择填空

( )1.—I hate talking with that guy. Look, he is coming. What should I do? —Don’t speak until __________.

A. speaking B. spoken to C. spoken D. speaking to

( )2. —Why do you want the book so much? —________,sir.

A.Studying B.Studies C. Studied D.To study

( )3.I wonder why you won’t do it as _______.It’s the third time you have done so. A. told to B. be told C. told you D. you told ( )4.The dying old man opened his mouth as if _______ something. A. to say B. saying C. to have said D. was saying

( )5.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if _______. A. to leave untreating B. left untreated C. leaving untreating D. is left untreated

( )6. —I didn’t do well in the last English test. How about you? —________.

A. I’ll do better next time B.I like English , though C. A lot better D. Even worse ( )7. —You seem to have lost your way._________? —I’m looking for Wangfujing Street.

A. What for B. Need help C. Why so D. Where to ( )8. —Which would you like,chicken or fish? —_________

A. I don’t think so. B. What if?

C. Both D. Neither can I ( )9. You may take them all home_________.

A. if possible B. if can C. unless so D. even if you can ( )10. Doctors have said that as many as 50﹪ pf patients don’t take medicine_______.

A. like direted B. to be directed C. as directed D. so that directed

( )11.Would you read my letter and correct the mistake, if_______? A.some B.ever C.any D.never

( )12.The author writes more about Hardy county than______.

A.he writes about Hardy himself B.what he writes about Hardy the man

C.he does writes about the person Hardy himself

D.he does about Hardy

( )13.— I hear Johnson was badly injured in the accident.

— ________,let's go and see him.

A.If not B.If so C.If necessary D.If possible

( )14.In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than_______.

A.that used to be B.it is used to

C.it was used to D.it used to be

( )15.—So you're lost, little boy. Why didn't you hang on to your mother's skirt?

— _______,but I couldn't reach it.

A.I hanged to B.I did to C.I didn’t hang to D.I tried to

( )16.We all know that,_______,the situation will get worse. A.not if dealt carefully with B.if not carefully dealt with C.if dealt not carefully with D.not if carefully dealt with

( )17.Wood furniture does not depreciate in value________. A.if they are handled properly and protected properly

B.unless handling and protecting properly C.if properly handled and protected

D.unless for all its handling and protection.

( )18._______,flowers need a lot of sun and water. A.When growth B.They are going C.When they growing D.When growing

( )19.—Why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else _______,is there?

A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn

( )20.The club has paid its way and_________.

A.always will B.always will pay

C.it always will so D.it always does the same

第十六节 倒 装 句

概说

英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前，这种语序被称为正常语序，但有时出于修辞或某种特殊语法结构的需要，要将谓语动词放在主语之前，这种语序就叫倒装语序。按倒装的形式，倒装可分为两类，一是部分倒装，二是完全倒装。前者指主语和助动词倒置，其词序与一般疑问句相同；后者指主语和谓语完全倒置，即将谓语动词置于主语之前。

一、部分倒装

1.否定型倒装

在正式文体中，如果将never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, nolonger, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词置于句首，其后的的句子要用部分倒装语序。如：

后来我再也没见到过他了。 I never saw him again →Never did I see him again （他很少出去吃饭。） He seldom goes out for dinner →Seldom does he go out for dinner. （他几乎没时间听音乐。） She hardly has time to listen to music

→Hardly does she have time to listen to music （他几乎没有认识到他面临的危险。） He little realized the danger he faced. →Litte did he realize the danger he faced

对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用部分倒装语序。如： （雨停了之后他才离开这房间。）

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped →Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.

某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装语序。如： On no accounts must this switch be touched. （这个开关是绝不能触摸的。） In (Under) no circumstances will I lend money to him. （无论如何我都不会借钱给他。） 2.only型倒装

当一个状语受副词only 的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序。如； Only in this way can we learn English. （ 只有这样我们才能学会英语。） Only then did I understand what she meant. （只有到那时我才明白她的意思。）

Only for the love of his family does he do such hard work. （只为了他对家庭的爱，他做这么辛苦的工作。）

3.so 型倒装

当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后通常用部分倒装语序。如：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. （天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。） So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. （光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。） So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. （袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。）

以so开头的句子还有这样一种倒装——表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，这类倒装的基本结构是“so+助动词+主语”。如：

You are young and so am I. （你年轻，我也年轻。） She likes musc and so do I. （她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。） If he can do it, so can I. （要是他能做此事，我也能。） 4.not only 型倒装

当not only… but also位于句首引出句子时，not only后的句子通常用部分倒装语序。如： Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. （他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。） Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. （他不仅讲得更正确，也讲得更轻松。）

二、完全倒装

完全倒装的基本形式“谓语+主语”，主要涉及以下几种类型。 1.here类

当表示地点的here和there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come，go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词。如：

Here’s Tom. （汤姆在这里。） There’s Jim。（吉姆在那儿。）

Here comes the bus. （公共汽车来了。） There goes the bell. （ 铃响了。）

There goes the last train. （最后一班火车开走了。）

这类倒装句的主语只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不能倒装。如： Here it comes. （它来了。） 2.away类

副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up等位于句首时，其后也用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常是表示动态的不及物动词。如：

Away want the runners. （跑步选手们跑远了。） Round and round flew the plane. （飞机盘旋着。）

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. （门开了，史密斯先生进来了。） Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. （下雨了，伞都撑起来了。） 这类倒装句的主语也只能是名词，若主语为代词，则不用倒装。如： Away he went. （他跑远了。） Down it came. （它掉了下来。） 3.状语或表语类

为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装。如：

Among these people was his friend Jim. （他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。） By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. （窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。）

在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：

In the box was a cat. （箱子里是一只猫。） In the box were some cats. （箱子里是一些猫。） 4.非谓语动词类

有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装。如： Standing beside the table was his wife. （站大桌旁的是他的妻子。）

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. （一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。） To be carefully considered are the following questions. （下列问题要仔细考虑。）

Exercise 25

选择填空：

( )1. Only in this way progress in your English.

A. you make B. you be able to make C. can you make D. will you able to make

( )2. I’m quite willing to help and .

A. so are the others B. the others are so C. so do the others D. the others do

( )3. This is your work. In no case to leave your post.

A. are you B. you are C. can you D. you can

( )4. Not until recently any idea what a guided missile was like.

A. could I have B. had I C. I had D. did I have

( )5. So that even the people in the next room could hear him.

A. loudly he spoke B. he spoke loudly C. loudly did he speak D. loudly spoke did he

( )6. Only when one loses freedom its value.

A. does one know B. one does know C. does know one D. know one does

( )7. their support, we’d be in a very difficult position.

A. It were not for B. Were it not for C. Not for it D. If it were not

( )8. He never went to see her again, to apologize.

A. nor did he write B. nor he did write

C. he did write D. nor he wrote

( )9. to sleep than the telephone rang once again.

A. No sooner had he gone B. No sooner did he go C. He no sooner went D. He had gone no sooner

( )10. He is really beautiful, and when she had children.

A. so was her mother B. so is mother C. her mother was so D. her mother is so

( )11. His mother had talked to him for many minutes while he was watching TV, but .

A. a little did he hear B. little did he hear C. little heard he D. a little heard he

( )12. —Hello, Zhu Hua. I’ll have to return to Canada because I’ve worked here for a year.

— !

A. What tim? Flies B. How time flies C. What does time fly D. How does time fly

( )13. During the war, but also he lost his wife and his child.

A. not was his job in the lab taken away B. not only was his job in the lab taken away C. not merely his job in the lab was taken away D. not just was taken away his job in the lab

( )14. —We have to stop talking here outside. Listen, !

—Hurry up, or we’ll be late.

A. There goes the bell B. There does the bell go C. There the bell goes D. Goes the bell there

( )15. I think this the first time that we have met. anywhere.

A. Before have we never seen each other B. Never before we have seen each other C. Each other have we seen never before D. Never before have we seen each other

( )16. ! You should take this chance to attend it.

A. How important conference is it B. How an important conference it is C. What an important conference is it D. What an important conference it is

( )17. She didn’t come to the party last Sunday. , she must have made the party more exciting.

A. If she came B. Would she come C. Had she come D. Did she come

( )18. They finally managed to climb to the top, but then.

A. went the children down the hill B. down the hill did the children go C. down the hill went the children D. down the hill the children went

( )19. I received his mother’s telephone call at eleven. That he was badly hurt in an accident yesterday.

A. Then did I know B. Only then I knew C. Only then did I know D. Only then knew I

( )20. —What sport do you like best?

—Springboard diving（跳板跳水）. to dive into water from high board!

A. What a fun is it B. How fun it is C. How a fun is it D. What fun it is

( )21. —The old man wouldn’t stay at home for a rest even if t rained.

— .He would feel sick if he stayed home for one day.

A. So would my grandpa B. So wouldn’t day C. Neither would my grandpa D. Nor wouldn’t grandpa

( )22. for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!

A. What exciting is it B. How exciting is it C. What exciting it is D. How exciting it is

( )23. By on means to our plan for the trip.

A. will she agree B. she will agree C. agrees she D. sill agree she

( )24. The child tiptoed(翘起脚尖走) quietly to the bird. Into the forest when he was about to catch it.

A. Flew it away B. Away flew it C. Away it flew D. Flew away it

( )25. Little Tom is an orphan. , he has to make a living by himself.

A. A child as he is B. Child as he is C. Child as is he D. A child though he is

( )26. he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!

A. What a good advice B. How a good advice C. What good advice D. How good advice

( )27. Hardly had she walked out of the woods she heard the strange scream coming from behind a tree.

A. than B. until C. since D. when

( )28. that we couldn’t catch up with him.

A. So fast he ran B. So fast did he run C. So fast ran he D. Such fast did he run

( )29. We have been on duty for four hours and .

A. now comes your turn B. now does your turn come C. now your turn comes D. comes now your turn

( )30. We haven’t seen each other for many months. !

A. What I missed you B. What did I miss you C. How I missed you D. How did I miss you

( )31.“OK．There_________,it's time for you to leave\". A.comes the bus B.the bus comes

C.came the bus D.the bus come

( )32.Seldom_______such a silly thing.

A.have I heard from B.I have heard from C.have I heard of D.I have heard of

( )33.________as he was,______he managed to save his drowning classmate. A.A boy; but B.A boy; yet

C.Boy; yet D.Boy; but

( )34.Life is harder for Senior Three students throughout China. Hardly_______endless exercises or tests.

A.does everyday go by with B.does any day go by without

C.everyday goes by without D.any day goes by with

( )35.I like playing basketball, and________.

A.so is John, too B.so John is C.so does John D.John is so

( )36.Not until quite recently________known what a spaceship was like.

A.had I B.I had C.I didn't have D.will I have

( )37.It was announced that only when the fire was under control____to return to their homes. A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted

( )38.______you eat the correct foods_______be able to keep fit and stay healthy. A.Only if; will you B.Only if; you will C.Unless; will you D.Unless; you will ( )39.Only when I left my parents for Italy_______how much I loved them. A.I realized B.I had realized C.had I realized D.did I realize

( )40.Not until the motorbike looked almost new_______repairing and cleaning it. A.he stopped B.did he stop

C.stopped he D.he did stop

第十七节 强 调 句

概说

我们在说话或写文章时，为了要突出句子中的某一部分，通常会使用某种方法或手段使它突出，以便能引起他人的注意。这就是强调，与此相关的句子就是强调句。英语表示强调的方法有很多，比如在口语中可以用重读来强调，在书面语中则可通过使用表示强调意义的词语来强调，也可以通过将被强调成分置于句首这样的“显要”位置来强调，还可以使用专门的强调句式来强调。

1.当句子中没有其他的助动词时，我们可以在动词前使用助动词do表示对该动词的强调。如： Do be careful with that vase! （务必小心那个花瓶！） I do hope you’ll stay for lunch.

（我真的希望你留下来吃午饭。）

用于表示强调的do可以有时态的变化，但其后的动词要用原形。如： He does look tired. （他确实显得很疲倦。）

He did come but soon went back. （他的确来过，但很快就回来了。） She did write to say thank you. （她的确写信向你道谢了。）

注意：这样用的do只用于现在时或过去时（即只有do，does, did 这样的形式），不能用于进行时，完成时等形式（如不用于is doing, has done 等）。

2.用某些形容词来强调

英语中用于强调的形容词比较多，比如那些表示“极端”和“完全”概念的形容词通常就可以用于表示强调，这类形容词主要有：

mere（仅仅的） very（极端的） outright（完全的） thorough（十足的） plain（完全的） complete（彻底的） pure（完全的） perfect（全然的） Jim looked like a perfect fool．（吉姆看起来像一个十足的傻瓜。） At that very moment the phone rang．（正好在那个时候电话铃响了。） We gave the room a thorough cleaning．（我们把房间彻底打扫了一遍。） 3.用某些副词来强调

英语中有不少副词可以用于表示强调，比如only就是其中的一个。如：

You may put the meeting off only when it is absolutely necessary．（你们可以把会议推迟，但只有在绝对必要时才能这样做。

试比较：

Only I kissed her last night．（昨晚只有我吻了她。） l only kissed her last night。（昨晚我只是吻了她。）

I kissed only her last night．（昨晚我吻的只有她。）

I kissed her only last night (last night only)．（我只是在昨晚才吻了她。） 4.用定语从句来强调

有时我们可以使用定语从句来对一个名词进行强调，如用the person who，the thing that，the place where，the day when，the reason why这样的结构．把需要强调的名词与定语从句连在一起。比较：

普通：Mary keeps pigs in the garden shed．（玛丽在花园的棚子里养猪。）

强调：Mary is the person who keeps pigs in the garden shed．（玛丽就是在花园的棚子里养猪的那个人。）（强调Mary)

强调：The garden shed is the place where Mary keeps pigs．（花园里的棚子就是玛丽养猪的地方。）(强调the garden shed)

强调The place where Mary keeps pigs is the garden shed．（玛丽养猪的地方是花园里的棚子。）(强调the place where Mary keeps pigs)

5.用强调结构来强调

英语中表示强调时有一个很重要的句型，那就是“it is(was)+被强调成分+that（who）+其他”结构。比较：

It was in the office that he was killed．（ 他是在办公室被杀害的。） It is the children who broke the window．（是孩子们打破窗户的。）

第一句中被强调的成分是in the office，第二句中被强调的成分是the child ren。其中that和who的区别是：当强调人时，可用that或who，当强调其他成分时，用that。注意，当强调时间和地点时，不能用when和where代替that。

在具体使用时，要特别注意这类强调句的疑问句形式。比较：

陈述句：It is because he is ill that he can’t come．（是因为生病他才不能来。） 一般疑问句：Is it because he is ill that he can’t come? （是因为生病他才不能来吗？） 特殊疑问句：Why is it that he can’t come? （他为什么不能来？）

另外，还要注意not…until…这一句型的强调句形式，它的基本形式是It is(was)not until…that…。如：

直到我遇到你以后．我才体会到真正的幸福。 普通：l didn’t know real happiness until l met you． 强调：It was not until I met you that I knew real happiness． 直到吃完饭他才现身。

普通：He didn’t turn up until the meal was over． 强调：It was not until the meal was over that he turned up． 注：强调句型概括起来，还应注意以下几个方面：

①It is /was not until…that...强调句型的习惯用法，不可随意换成It was until…that…not..。如： 正：It was not until 1998 that we began using computers. 误：It was until 1998 that we did not begin using computers

②含有“not until…”的倒装结构和强调结构的区别：not until 用于句首时，主句的主语和谓语通常用倒装语序。但在“It is/was not until…that…”强调句型中，that后的主谓不倒装。例如：

It was not until 1920 regular radio broadcasts began. A、while B、which C、that D、since 选C

③强调句型的主谓要保持一致。例如： It is I your friend will help you with English. A、who am B、Who is C、that D、whom that

选A

④强调句型和定语从句的区别：强调句型在强调时间和地点状语时，关系代词只能用that,不用when和where；但要特别注意，若被强调的名词前无介词，则可用when和where 构成定语从句。例如：

It was at five o’clock in the morning it began to rain. A、when B、that C、which D、how 选B

It is near the place there is a bomb we found the dead man. A、where…where B、where…that C、that…where D、that…that 选B

It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village. A、which B、why C、that D、how 选C

It was in the street I live I met Mr.Green。 A、that…where B、which… that C、where…that D、when …that 选C

⑤强调句型与“It is/was…before…”句型的区别。强调句型中is/was 后接时间状语时只能用that,不表示任何意义，也不充当任何成份。例如：It was two days ago that he came to Wuhan

强调时间状语two days ago 用that 连接，不能用before 连接。 It is three months before she gets her license.

这里before 表示现在起点时间与three months 时间的对比，引起的是时间状语从句。 ⑥强调句型与it作形式主语句型的区别

It is the theme of all her books that people should have faith and a purpose in life （人们应该对生活有信念和目标，这是她所有书籍的主题。）

这里it是形式主语，that 从句作真正主语。去掉it,用that,可以转换成主语从句。 It is their clothes, makeup and the way they walk that make people laugh. （逗人们笑的是他们的衣着、装扮和走路姿势。）

这里强调的是三个并列的主语，they walk 是the way 的后置定语，如果去掉it is 句子意识仍然完整。 如果用that 替换it ,句子不能成立，因为主语从句的that 只能连接作用，不充分任何成分。

Exercise 26

Ⅰ.用反身代词或 do( does，did)强调斜体部分

1.The motor needs repairing.

2.These young seedlings will require looking after carefully. 3.The storm ruined the crops.

4.He said he would help us and he helped us.

5.Mary works hard, but somehow she remains as poor as ever.

Ⅱ.用it is / was. ... that 强调画线部分

1.The two trains are traveling side by side along parallel tracks.

2.Jane told us a lot of interesting stories in class yesterday. 3.Miss White happened to know my telephone number.

4.Little girls often perform school tasks better than boys.

5.In the adult world,the aggressive person usually gets the big salary.

6.Your child appears to be crazy about war play and weapons. 7.My left leg hurts badly.

8.Their system of value prevents them from hurting other people to improve their own lives. 9.The bride and groom stand together in front of the religious leader to be married. 10.She misses her friend in New York very much.

Ⅲ．选择填空

( )1. It was after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important.

A. that B. when C. since D. as

( )2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature he chose the course.

A. that B. what C. why D. how

( )3. It wasn’t until nearly a month later I received the manager’s reply.

A. since B. when D. as D. that

( )4. It is what you do rather than what you say matters.

A. that B. what C. which D. this

( )5. The Foreign Minister said, “ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”

A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is

( )6. It was back home after the experiments.

A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go

( )7. When was that the general manager left for Japan?

A. he B. it C. that D. since

( )8. It might have been John bought a present for Mary yesterday.

A. that B. when C. what D. which

( )9. It was what he meant rather than what he said annoyed me.

A. which B. as C. what D. that

( )10. It is the protection for the trees really matters, rather than how many trees are planted.

A. that B. where C. which D. while

( )11. It was lack of money, not of effort, defeated their plan.

A. which B. as C. that D. what

( )12. I guess it was his eyes attracted me first.

A. that B. where C. which D. while

( )13. It was his nervousness in the interview probably lost him the job.

A. which B. since C. that D. what

( )14. “How was they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?” “Totally by chance.”

A. it that B. he that C. it when D. he which

( )15. What is it his daughter needs most?

A. what B. which C. that D. if

( )16. was during 533 to 544 Jia Sixie wrote a book was called Qimin Yaoshu.

A. It…when…that B. It…that…what C. It…that…that C. It…which…that

( )17. He made a rule to get up before five in the morning.

A. that B. him C. himself D. it

( )18. We’ll take the next offer, good or bad .

A. no matter…it is B. either…one C. even if…不填 D. whether…不填

( )19. was whom I met in the store. ( )20. strange it is the children are so quiet!

A. Why…that B. How… why C. How…that D. What…that

( )21. I know nothing about the baby lying in front of the hospital except is very lovely.

A. that he B. that she C. that it D. that that

( )22. Is who helps with your math?

A. it we B. that they C. it him D. it Mike

( )23. from the early 1990s scientists started to develop new techniques to increase

agricultural production.

A. It is…that B. It was…what C. It was…why D. It was…that

( )24. It is only a matter of time they will discover John has left.

A. that…that B. that…before C. before…that D. when…that

( )25. Her attitude to me is of a friend’s.

A. one B. it C. that D. either

( )26. was a shock to all his secretary stole the money.

A. They…what B. It…that C. It…for D. What…was

( )27. you come to the party so late?

A. How is it B. What is it C. Why it is that D. Why is it that

( )28. appears to me she has told the truth.

A. That…that B. It…what C. That…what D. It…that

( )29. It is language, more than anything else, recognizes the difference between human beings and animals.

A. which B. as C. that D. what

( )30. Not only ugly-looking, but it smelled of oil. How can we swallow such food?

A. it was B. is it C. did it make D. was it

( )31. She didn’t tell us it was was troubling her.

A. why…that B. how…why C. that…what D. what…that

( )32. Was it in this hospital she lived for ten years she was trained to be a real nurse?

A. that…which B. which…that C. where…that D. that…where

( )33. It is she is too inexperienced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.

A. so B. since C. because D. as

( )34. It was who told him the truth.

A. them B. him C. they C. themselves

( )35. is it has made Mary she is now?

A. What…that…that B. That…what…what C. What…what…that D. What…that…what

( )36. It was with great joy he received the news his long lost son would soon return home.

A. as…that B. that…that C. because…that D. when…that

( )37. It is only a few persons, have come to ask for the position, fit for the job.

A. that…that I think is B. who…who do I think are C. who…that I think are D. that…who I think are

A. It…her B. It…she C. That…she D. That…her

( )38. I don’t know many years ago people began to use computers.

A. how…it was that B. why…it was when C. that…it was how D. when…it was that

( )39. It was she was ill she had to stay at home.

A. as…so B. for…that C. because…that D. since…who

( )40. — was it you discovered the secret of his?

—Totally by chance.

A. Why…what B. How…when C. What…that D. How…that

( )41.It is not the language_______the cultural background______makes the book difficult to

understand.

A.but; that B.nor; which C.as; that D.like; which

( )42.It was the training he had in the factory_______made him such a good engineer.

A.that B.which C.what D.where

( )43.It is_____his advice on how_____English well______you a lot of trouble. A.because; to learn; that will avoid B.taking; to learn; that will save C.because of; learn; which will waste D.for; to learn ;that will make

( )44. What is it about a treeless, dusty, old city like St. Samothene_____makes people love

it so much ?

A.that B.it C.where D.this

( )45.It was how she had managed to get a university degree in spite of her disability

_______touched everyone present.

A.that B.what C.which D.who

( )46.—Is it his left kidney(肾)_______Tian Shiguo donated(捐献) to his mother?

—Yes. The kidney saved his mother and is expected to extend her life for 15 years.

A.which B.that C.what D.where

( )47.It was not until the end of last week_______that I had lost my umbrella. A.did I realize B.I have realized C.that I realized D.I did realize

( )48.It______we had stayed together for a couple of weeks_____I found we had a lot in common.

A.was until; when B.was until; that C.wasn't until; when D.wasn't until; that

( )49.It was not until she got home_______Jennifer realized she had lost her keys. A.when B.that C.where D.before ( )50.It's the Suez Canal_______separates Asia_______Africa.

A.which; to B.where; from C.that; from D.that; with