字母组合读音规则词典大全

字母组合读音规则

a

/ 

/ face late

name plane take

/  / bad glad lamp plan

/  / quality quantity want wash watch what

/  / father rather

非重读 /  / about again awake china breakfast important

非重读 /  / accurate advantage comrade courage damage palace passage private separate village voltage

在名词、形容词、副词词尾

非重读 /  / celebrate dictate radiate separate

在动词词尾

aff /  / staff

aft

/   / after craft draft

1

message

A

ai/ay /  / brain claim faint main wait

day may play say

非重读 /  / mountain portrait holiday Sunday

air /  / chair fair hair pair stair

al /  / chalk talk walk

all ball call wall

/  / also false salt

/  / calf half

balm calm palm

-an- /  / command dance plant

ar /  / bar car dark far lark

/  / dwarf quarter war ward warm warp

非重读 / / collar grammar particular polar sugar

are

/  / care dare

2

fare rare spare stare

-ask /  / ask flask task

-asp /  / grasp

-ass /  / brass class glass pass

-ast /  / blast fast last past

-ath /  / bath path

augh /  / caught daughter taught

au/aw /  / author cause fault launch

awful claw dawn law paw saw

B

b

/  / bee

blast

C

c

/  / cake

cloth cook cross cut

/  / cell cite city cycle

cc

/  / accent accept accident

3

succeed

/  / acclaim according accuse occupy

ch- /  / chalk change choose church

/  / anchor character chemistry chloride

echo psychology school stomach

/  / chauffeur chef

-cia- -cie- -cio-

/  / efficient sufficient delicious precious

electrician social special technician

ck /  / deck kick neck pack stick

D

d

/  / decide

deed dive

do

duty

dge /  / badge bridge judge lodge ridge

E

e

/  / he theme these we

4

/  / 非重读 非重读 actress ea /  / /  /  ear /  /  ee eer ei

/

best desk egg pen well yes

/  / excellent open sentence silent

/  / decide event explain repeat

careless darkness tallest wanted

/  / clean lease meat peace tea

bread dead head lead

/ break great

/ idea

/  / dear fear hear spear tear wear

/ bear pear wear

/ early heard learn pearl

/  / green meet see steel three

/  / beer cheer deer engineer pioneer

 / either height neither

5

ei/ie /  / ceiling receive

brief field niece piece thief yield

eigh /  / eight freight neighbor

el / () / level

em / () / problem

en / () / element even open seven student

er /  / certain her nerve person serve

非重读 /  / conversation paper perform teacher worker

ere /  / adhere here merely

/  / there where

eu/ew /  / feudal neutral

chew dew few new

ew /  / blew crew drew Jew threw

ey

/  / grey prey they

6

非重读 /  / money valley

F

f

/  / far

few

fir

for

fun

calf knife life scarf wolf

G

g

/  / gave

go

goat

big leg tag

/  / gem giant courage large technology

gh /  / cough enough laugh rough tough

gn /  / campaign design foreign sign gu(e) /  / guess guest guide language league H

h

/  / hare head high

horse house

/不发音/ honor hour exhaust exhibit

rhyme

7

plague

I

i/y

/  / like

nice

time

my

why

try

i 非重读 / / criticize exercise modernize realize

在动词词尾

y 非重读 / / beautify classify occupy satisfy

在动词词尾

i/y /  / is it milk myth sick give live

非重读 /  / active city happy office morning

非重读 /  / beautiful holiday possible

ie /  / die lie pie tie

ia/ie/io /  / bias dialogue reliable

quiet science society

riot

violet violent

8

wish

ei/ie /  / ceiling receive

brief field niece piece thief yield

-ild -ind ig/igh io/iou

非重读 ir / 非重读 ire/yre J

j / K

k

/

/  / child mild wild

/  / blind find kind

/  / sign design bright light night sigh /  / curious furious patriot period

 / bird dirt first girl thirst

/  / circumference

/  / admire fire hire require tire  / jacket job join July just

 / kettle key kitchen kite

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tyre wire

kn /  / knee knife knit know

L

l

/  / lay

leave light

loss

lust

bottle castle little tall title will

M

m

/  / man

meet mice more much

dime dome bottom room

-mb /  / bomb climb comb tomb

mn /  / autumn condemn solemn

（在词尾）

N

n

/  / name nickname

niece nose

cotton fatten lantern

kn

/  / knee knit know

10

ng/nk /(/) / bang cling English finger ring thing tongue

bank rink think uncle

O

o

/  / bone home joke

no

smoke so

非重读 / / phono photo piano potato radio tomato

/  / drop got hot lot odd

/  / do move to who

/  / come some done one son brother mother

dove glove love

非重读 /  / consider produce second seldom today

oa /  / boat coat load road soap

oe /  / doe foe hoe toe

oar /  / board coarse hoarse roar soar

oi/oy /  / boil

coin hoist moist point voice

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annoy boy joy ploy toy

-old /  / bold cold fold old

oo /  / foot good stood

book brook cook look took

/  / boot food moon school spoon too tooth

/  / blood flood

oor /  / door floor

or /  / cord fork lord morning portion

/  / word work world worship

非重读 /  / doctor director effort forget motor

ore /  / core fore more shore store wore

-ost /  / most post

ou /  / group youth

ou

/  / country rough touch tough trouble young

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ou/ow /  / soul shoulder

blow grow know show snow

非重读 / / sorrow tomorrow window yellow

ou/ow /  / about cloud doubt house loud brown clown down now town

非重读 /  / generous jealous nervous

ough /  / bought fought thought

oul /  / could should would

our /  / flour hour sour

our /  / course court four pour

our /  / tour

非重读 /  / colour labour neighbour

owe/ower // towel vowel flower power shower

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mouth shout

P

p /  / part pear pill power

cap clap deep peep

ph /  / paragraph phonograph photo phrase physics

ps- /  / pseudo-science psychology

Q

qu-/q

/ 

/ quay question

quick quite quotation

R

r

/  / race

read

right rotten rude

wr- /  / write wring wrong

S

s

/  / sack

see

sight slight soap start

base case

(在词首，在名、形容词中)

/  / closet desire is

reason visit

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（在元音字母之间）

sc /  / scenario scene scent science scissor

/  / escape scarf scorn sculpture

sh /  / shape sheep shine shore shut

ash bush cash fish wash

-sia- /  / Asian Russian

-sion /  / decision occasion precision vision

-shion -sion -tion

/  / cushion fashion aggression impression oppression

version action dictation fiction motion solution

ss /  / assistant bless class less lesson loss miss

-ssure /  / pressure

-st- /  / castle fasten listen whistle

-sure / 

/ exposure measure pleasure treasure

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sw /  / answer sword

t

/  / take

tell

tooth beat

taste what

tch /  / catch latch match patch watch

th /  / thank theme thin threat throat

bath cloth north path tenth

th(e) /  / than there they those

bathe breathe father rather weather

-tia- -tie- / / militia partial patient potential

-shion -sion -tion

/  / cushion fashion aggression impression

version action dictation fiction motion solution

-stion /  / combustion question suggestion

-ture /  / adventure

capture culture

expenditure 16

future

T

U

u

/  / cute

mute tune

use

/  / rule true flute June

/  / but club lust must shut sun

/  / bush full put

非重读 / / communist instrument occupy regular

非重读 / / attribute attitude contribute distribute institute

在名词和动词词尾

非重读 /  / autumn difficult industry suggest support suppose

ue

true

/ () / blue clue cue due glue sue

ui /  / nuisance suit

/  / fruit juice recruit

/ ()() / suicide tuition fluid ruin

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ur /  / burn fur hurt nurse surface turn urge

非重读 /  / murmur pursue Saturday survive

ure / () / cure manure pure sure

非重读 V

v

/ dive W

w

/ wh- /  / wr- sw X

/  / figure injure

❖ / vary

vest

vibrate

five give live

 / wary wear wipe wool

/  / what while whip why who whole whom whose

/  / write wrong wring

/  / answer sword

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vote

vulnerable

x /   / exact examine example exhibition exist

/  / export except exit export

Y

y

/  / cycle

非重读 /  / beautify classify

非重读 /  / city psychology clearly daily

/  / yard yet yield young youth

Z

z

/  / zest

zoo

zone ooze

元音、辅音和国际音标

说明各个字母或字母组合在什么情况下读什么音的规则，称为读音规则。

国际语音学会制定的用一个符号代表一个音素的音标，简称国际音标。

语音的最小单位是音素, 音素有元音和辅音之分。发音时声带振动而气流在通路上不受阻碍的是元音；不论声带振动与否，气流在通路上受到这种或那种阻碍的都是辅音。元音依发音时舌面隆起部分位置的前后分为前元音、后元音和中元音。发音时声带不振动的辅音称为清辅音，声带振动

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的称为浊辅音。

consonants (辅音): （26）

fricative/friction (摩擦音): （10）

voiceless /  voiced / ❖ plosive/stop （爆破音）：（6）

voiceless /  voiced /  affricate （破擦音）：（6）

voiceless /  voiced /  nasal （鼻音）（3） / lateral （舌边音）（1） / vowel: （20）

       /

  /

  /

  /

  /

    /

20

/

/

front （前元音）（4） /     /

central （中元音）（3） /    /

back（后元音）（5） /      /

diphthong（双元音）（8）

/





i /  /

  

semi-vowel/glide （半元音/滑音）（2） /   /

开音节和闭音节规则

1. 开音节: 元音字母在开音节中读其字母名称音，u在字母j, l, r后面发//。

1) 以元音字母结尾的音节, 如be, my，no；

2) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母+e（不发音）”结尾的音节，如age, eve, ice, use;

3) 以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+（一个)辅音字母+e（不发音）”结尾的音节，如

dive, fuse, like, name, nose, plate, rule, theme;

4）以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节，也按开音节读音：

blue , due, lie, see, three, tie

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2. 闭音节：元音字母a, e, i/y, o, u在闭音节中分别发音为：//或//（在字母qu的组合以及字母w后面）, //,//, //, //.

1) 以“一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如add, at, egg, end, if, it, odd, up, us

2) 以“（一个）辅音字母+一个元音字母+（一个）辅音字母”结尾的音节，如 black clock, fun, knit, map, net, nod, pump, quality, sit, syrup, wash;

3) 以“一个元音字母+二个辅音字母+不发音的e”结尾的音节，也按闭音节读音：

bridge dense hence hinge plunge revolve sense since sludge

solve tinge twelve valve

R音节规则

“元音+ r”构成的音节叫“R音节”，重读“R音节”的读音分别为：

1. ar /  /: car hard mark part

/  /: war warm warp

(在字母w后面)

2. er /  /: deserve her serve verb

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,

3. ir /  /: bird dirty first sir virgin

4. or /  /: cork lord port sort

/  /: word world work worst

(在字母w后面)

5. ur /  /: curb fur nurse purse

非重读“R音节”的读音均为/  /：

circumference

under

factor grammar meter murmur solar survival tractor

重读-re音节, 即“元音+re”音节和“元音+r+元音”音节的规则

在多音节词中，如果“元音+r” 之后仍为元音字母，则“元音+r+元音”也多按-re音节读音，读法如下：

1） are读作//： care dare fare hare square ware

ar(+元)读作//： variable various vary wary

2) ere多读作//： adhere here mere revere severe

er(+元)读作//:

imperialist material period

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serious

3) ire读作//: faire hire require tire tyre ire

ir(+元)读作//: miry(泥泞的) siren spiral spiry(尖塔状的)

4) ore读作//: before bore core more score store

or(+元)读作//: boring glorious glory story

5) ure读作//: cure lure manure pure secure

ur(+元)读作//: curious durable during fury

“双r音节”规则

在多音节词中，若重读R音节后在出现一个r，即“元音+rr+元音”， 则r前面的元音字母不再按重读R音节读音，而按重读闭音节读音：

barrel carry cirrus current curry ferrous ferry furrow garret harrow

herring horror hurry lorry merry mirror sorry squirrel stirrup tomorrow

比较：

burden carbon

skirting

circle ferment harden internal morning porter purpose

音节

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英语单词由一个或几个音节组成，音节是说话时最小的语音片断, 每个音节常由一个元音加一个或几个辅音组成，但单独一个元音也可以构成一个音节，少数辅音如/  的帮助也能与前面的一个辅音构成一个非重读音节。

  /，虽没有元音

单词重音

1. 双音节词重读音节中的元音字母有一定的读音规则:

1) 英语双音节词的重音多数在第一个音节上:

par’ty stu’dent

2) 在两个音节的分界线上如果只有一个辅音字母(r除外), 这个字母归右边的音节, 第一音节按重读开音节读音:

stu’dent o’pen la’bour slo’gan

3) 分界线上有两个辅音字母(第一个不是r), 这两个辅音字母分别划归左右两个音节, 第一个音节按重读闭音节读音:

com’rade con’cert les’son let’ter mem’ber

4) 分界线上有两个辅音字母, 第一个是r, 这两个字母可分别划归左右两音节, 第一音节按重读r音节(这条规则也适用于多音节词):

cor’ner por’trait

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但如果分界线上的两个辅音字母是rr, 左边的重读音节按闭音节读音：

car’ry cur’rent sor’ry

5) 带有前缀a-, be-, con-, de-, dis-, en-, mis-, per-, pre-, pro-, re-, trans-, un-等的双音节词,一般在第二个音节重读:

aboard’

connect’

awake’ beside’ behalf’ condemn’ condense’

decide’

mistake’

disclose’ discuss’ disease’ enlarge’ enrich’

misuse’

perform’ permit’ prepare’ produce’ renew’

repair’

report’

unknown’

rewrite’ transfer’ transform’ transmit’ unkind’

2. 有三个以上音节的词称为多音节词。多音节词的重音多在倒数第三个音节上，该音节中的元音字母多读短音：

activ’ity

dif’ficult exper’iment fam’ily mon’itor

partic’ular polit’ical qual’ity

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3. 多音节词中的次重音有时落在主重音前的第二个音节上：

satisfactory individ’ual

examina’tion

apprecia’tion congratula’tion

4. 在以-graphy, -ial, -ian, -iar, -ic(-ical), -ience, -iency, -ient, -ify, -ion, -itis, -ity, -ive, -logy, -ous(-eous, -ious), -sion, -tion等后缀结尾的词中，重音通常落在它们前面的一个音节上：

dicta’tion exhibit’ion exper’ience

impa’tient

famil’iar histor’ic ideol’oly

indus’trial inven’tive mu’sic

repub’lic

music’ian opin’ion ques’tion

situa’tion sim’plify

5. 在以-ade, -ain, -ee, -eer, -esce, -esque, -ette, -ique, -oo, -oon等结尾的词中，重音常常落到最后一个音节上：

cartoon’

cigarette’ engineer’ entertain’ examinee’ lemonade’

picturesque’

platoon’ shampoo’ technique’ trainee’

句子重音(sentence stress)

人们在谈话中，为了突出某一思想，对传达该意思的词重读以进行强调，这就是句子重音。

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表意重音(sense stress)是句子重音中最普通、最基本的重音模式。根据这一模式，凡是在句子中表示明确概念，即具有较强的词汇意义的词都应重读。这类词主要是实词，即名词、形容词、动词、副词；感叹词、指示代词、疑问代词等也常常重读。凡是意义不强，在句中主要起造句作用的词都弱读，这类词主要是虚词，或称功能词，虚词包括冠词、介词、连词、助动词、人称代词、关系代词等。

逻辑重音(logical stess)是一种特殊重音，逻辑重音按说话人的需要，为了对比或暗示，强调句中某一个或数个词，其它词（不论哪类词）则统统退居次要地位。

失去爆破

一个爆破音后面紧接着另一个爆破音时,第一个爆破音不发生爆破,亦即只由有关发音器官做好这个音的发音姿势,稍停随即发后面的爆破音, 这种现象称为失去爆破:

notebook a red pen Sit down!

爆破音后面紧跟着摩擦音或破擦音时有爆破,但十分轻微:

picture good student

爆破音在鼻辅音和边辅音前面有轻微的爆破:

good morning Comrade Li

连读

在一个意群(sense group) (意思密切相关的一组词)中,如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个以元

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音开头,这两个音有时可以连起来念,这种现象叫做连读,用符号表示:

What is this? It is a pen.

辅音连缀

在英语单词中常有两个或更多的辅音连在一起,这种组合叫做辅音连缀,例如maps, grade, desks. 读辅音连缀时必须注意: (1)第一个辅音要念得轻些,短促些; (2)不要在这些辅音之间加入元音.

主要参考书目：

-- 葆青«英语语音简明教程» （商务印书馆）

-- 辽宁省工科院校«基础英语»编写组 «基础英语» （人民教育出版社1977.09.02）

-- 许国璋«英语»（第一册）（外研社1992.09）

-- 张维友«实用英语知识精要»（湖北教育出版社1996.04）

-- 胡文仲等«College English» (Revised) （第一册）（外研社1992.06）

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