自然拼读
1. 自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. 另外, y有时会被作为元音处理 ( 如: one syllable, y at the end (as “i”): my, why, fly, sky; two syllables, y at the end (as “e”); daddy, mommy, baby).
2. 第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习 (One Vowel Word, Short Vowel)， 如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
3. 第三步, 是固定读音的单词 (Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have 等.
4. 第四步， 是一个单词里有两个元音时， 前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音 (Two Vowel Words)． 如： make, made, see, sea, five, nine, road, toe等等．
5. 第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读 (Consonant Blends), 如: bl(ack), str(eet)等．
有一些辅音不发音． 如： ghost, comb, lamb等 ×××要掌握一下和\"h\"联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh
6. 第六步， 是特殊读法．
单音节词， 以元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音． 如： me, hi, go 等等
Irregular Vowels: ar (car), ay (hay, may, say), igh (high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur (burn, hurt), ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy (boy), ow (读音一： cow, now, how， bow； 读音二： bow, snow), ou (could), old (old, cold), ough (cough, through, ought, slough) 等有其特别的发音．
\"c\" 和 \"k\" 在一起时， 发一个音(Copy cat): quick, black等.
\"q\" 总是和\"u\"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等
\"P\"和 \"h\"在一起, 发\"f\"的音: phone, photo.
自然拼读法的学习
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
l 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. l y有时会被作为元音处理
n 单音节词, y在末尾, y发”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as“i”)): my, why, fly, sky
n 多音节词, y在末尾, y发”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
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3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词里有两个元音时， 前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音． 如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等． 4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn,
sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr) 5. 特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等. 6. 特殊读法(2) – 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
n 一个音节如只有一个元音, 且以此元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音 (vowel at the end)． 如： baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等
n air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk) n ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added)
n er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn), n ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire n oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn), ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous), ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, snow), n ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
n tion (attention), sion (expression), n ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le 7. 特殊读法(3) – 辅音的特殊读法 n 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)． 如： ghost, comb, lamb, write 等
n \"c\" 和 \"k\" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等. n \"q\" 总是和\"u\"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等. n \"p\"和 \"h\"在一起, 发\"f\"的音: phone, photo.
n 复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) n c和g 的两种读音:
u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音: center, cigar, gem, giant, gym u 其他情况下, c, g 发其字母音: can, clap, cup, great, glad.
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8. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words) n 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound n 复合词: homework, highway
自然拼读资料 (辅音字母组合)一
字母Aa ----Jj 发音 Aa 两指放于嘴中间 apple Bb 一只手做波浪状 boy Cc 两手合拳并相撞 cat Dd 两手抱膀做冷状 dog Ee 一指放于嘴中间 egg
Ff 一手在另一手臂上做摩擦状 fish Gg 一指做咯吱状 girl Hh 一手做端水杯喝水状 hand I I 一指做1状 ice-cream J j 两只做织衣服状。 jelly A a ba bag ca cat da dad fa fat B b bi big bu bus be beg bu bug C c ca cat cu cut ce ci co
D d da dad do dog di dig de du duck F f fa fat fi fit fo fox fu fun Gg ge get ga gap gi
H h ha hat hi his ho hot hu hut I I li lip pi pig zi zip ti tin J j ju jug jo jog je jelly ja je 字母Kk----Rr 发音 K k 两手合拳并相撞 kite
L l （词首）两手放于脸旁做乐状 lip Mm （词首）两手做摸东西状 mum
Nn （词首）一手放于肚子上做饿的动作 nose Oo 一只手弯曲成半圆放于嘴旁 orange Pp 两手端盆做泼水动作 pencil Qq 两手做扩大状 quilt Rr 一指做小虫爬行 rat K k ka ke ki kick ko ku Ll le let li lift li lip lo lock
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Mm ma mat me mi mo mu mud mu mum N n na ne neck ni no nod not nu nut O o bo box ho hot no nod po pot jo jog Pp pa pe pet pi pig po pot Qq qua quak que qui quick quo 自然拼读资料 (辅音字母组合)二
Magic E 神奇的E
a__e 做古代女子请安的动作 e__e 做唱歌运气的动作 i_e 双手下垂做叹气的动作 o_e 做哄孩子的动作 u_e 做荡秋千的动作
a____e cake bake date late safe e___e bede cede dede(无实际意义) i___e bike hide kite nice rice wide o___e coke hole nose bone u___e cute huge tube cube R-vowel
ar 双手放于嘴边作大喊的动作 er 一只手放在肚子上做饿的动作 ir 一只手放在肚子上做饿的动作 or 一只手弯成半圆放于嘴边 ur 一只手放在肚子上做饿的动作 ar arm car card farm park er supper burger server ir birthday dirty first sir
or pork horse morning corn fork Ur turtle fur turkey nurse purse hurt 元音组合 ou ow 做老虎状
oi oy 一指先画半圆在做1状 oo 做哭的动作（长） oo 做哭的动作（短）
ou house mouse mouth out shout ow cow clown crown brown flower tower
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oi coin soil noise poison boil oy boy cowboy toy joy
oo moon zoo food room oo book cook foot wood 元音组合 au aw all
一只手弯成半圆放于嘴边 ai ay a ___e
做古代女子请安的动作
au August sausage naughty autumn aw paw draw saw straw strawberry all call ball tall wall fall
ai rain tail pain rail jail maid maid ay bay day hay lay may pay say ray way 元音组合 ea ee e___e 做唱歌运气的动作 ie igh i___e
双手下垂做叹气的动作 ea 一指放于嘴的中间
ea beach heat sea tea pea mean jeans ee bee deep keep feet jeep see teeth reeds ie die lie pie tie
igh high light right night fight bright ea head lead sweat sweater 元音组合 oa ow o___e 做哄孩子的动作 ew ui u___e 做荡秋千的动作 ui 做哭的动作，（长） oa boat coat goat road
ow low row yellow hollow rainbow ew dew few hew new view ui suit
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ui fruit juice 元音组合 air ear 拍手三下 ear
做摸耳朵的动作 air fair hair pair stair ear bear pear
air dear fear tear year near 自然发音二十八条拼读规则
1． 字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音.
2． 字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop).
3． 字母e, i, y之前的字母g可以读做/j/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/j/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust).
4． 元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音(长音a, e, o, u), 有助于学生正确划分并拼读元音字母+辅音字母+元音字母的不熟悉单词(re port…rather than rep ort).
5． 字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做I(silent, my, type). 6． 一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by).
7． 有五种情况末尾的字母e不发音.(如me, she, 和 he的短单词末尾的字母e读做e, 较长的单词末尾的e不发音)
尾字母e不发音应该被认为是”having a job” (承担一项工作) 7.1 bake gene time/type code cute 使他前面的元音字母发字母音.. 7.2 love give blue true 使我们不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词. 7.3 chance bodice charge allege 使g和c读软音/j/和/s/.
7.4 lit tle cas tle bot tle dab ble fid dle 避免一个音节没有一个元音字母. 7.5 are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause 这一条被Spalding女士叫做无工作尾字母e; Sanseri女士叫做老工作尾字母e, 并说前四条之外的不发音尾字母e都叫做老工作尾字母e.
7.5.1 使一个不是复数形式的单词不要以s结尾(dense而不是dens, purse不是purs, false 不是 fals).
7.5.2 加长短的主意词(main-idea), 如awe, ewe, rye 7.5.3 区分同音异形词的含义. 如or/ore for/fore.
7.5.4 中英语和外来语中(那里的尾字母e是要发音的)留下来的, 现在不发音. 如treatise giraffe
8.有五种字母组合发/er/的音/, 记住下面的句子.
Her nurse first works early. 这个句子是按英语用法中的降序排列的.
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另外,or在w后业可以发/er/的音. 还要记住有些词尾的ar和or也发/er/的音.如dollar, doctor.
9. 1-1-1规则: 单音节单词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化.(如hop---hop ped). 但是词尾是x除外, 因为它由两个音/ks/.
10. 2-1-1规则: 双音节词中, 结尾是单元音加单个辅音的, 在添加以元音开始的词尾变化时, 需要将末尾的辅音字母再写一次再加词尾变化(be gin--- be gin + ning). 第二个音节不重读的不能双写末尾辅音字母(en ter, prof it, bud get).
11. 去e规则, 以不发音的e结尾的单词在添加以元音开始的词尾变化是需要去掉末尾不发音的e.(come----coming)
12. 是ie还是ei? 一般情况下, 应该是ie, 但是1) c之后用ei; 2)发字母a的音时, 用ei(neighbor, weigh, vein). 还有下面的例外情形Neither foreign sovereign seized counterfeit forfeited leisure. Plus: either weird protein heifer:
13. 音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(fin ish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(wor ship, friend ship). 14. 音素si, ti, ci最常用在一个基本词的第二及以后的开头, 发音/sh/. 常常可以通过考察词根和根词来确定发/sh/时用什么样的音素.比如
infect to in fec tious / collect to col lec tion / potent to po ten tial music to mu si cian / space to spa cious / finance to fi nan cial soci (companion) to so cial / ancien (old) to an cient cruc (cross) to cru cial / speci (kind) to spe cial
15. 音素si在前一个音节以s结尾时(ses sion)发/sh/, 一个基本词经过词尾变化后只有一个s(tense---tension), 其中的音素si发/sh/.
discuss to dis cus sion / compress to com pres sion / admis to ad mis sion 16. 音素si可以发/zh/, 如vi sion, di vi sion, oc ca sion, ex plo sion.
17. 只有一个元音的单音节词,常常双写词尾的l, s, f. 比如will, off, miss. 有时双音节词也用到这条规则, 如re cess
18. 词尾为长音a时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay) 19. 元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old) 20. s从不在x后, 音素x包含一个/s/音, /ks/.
21. 去L规则1: all单独出现有两个l, 但在前缀中只有一个l.(al most, al so, al though).
22. 去L规则2: till和full单独出现有两个l, 作后缀只有一个l. (un til, plen ti ful). 23. 音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, bridge, lodge, budge).
24. Y变I规则: 进行词尾变化时, 词尾是一个辅音字母+y, 要变y为i. 下列两种情况驻外(1)加-ing, (2)变后会引起音节分裂.
city/cit ies beauty/beau ti ful play/player funny/fun ni est multiply/mul ti ply ing rely/re li able cry/cried deny/denied
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25. 音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck). 26. 字母开头的z永远发/z/, 不会发/s/.
27. 音素ed有三个音, 基本词以/t/和/d/音结尾, ed发/ed/(divide---divided, heat---heated); 基本词以浊辅音结尾的, ed发/d/( lived), 以清辅音结尾的发/t/(stopped)
28. 单词常常(always)在双辅音间分音节[但要注意不要把辅音字母组合分开(如ma the ma tic)], 重读音节的辅音才发音, 非重读音节的辅音不发音lit tle.
翻译时, consonant译作辅音, vowel译作元音.
自然拼读法基本规则:
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音 y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音, 且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.
如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等． Beginning Consonants Ending Consonants
One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds 3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时， 一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音）， 后边一个元音不发音．
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如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) Words ending in ll, ss, ff
Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)– 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
igh, ing, ind, ild, ar, or, oi, oy, alt, alk, ost, old, er, ir, ur, ew, sion, tion, eigh, all, ow, ow, ou, ay, ous, ed, ed (t), ed (d), aw, au, oo, oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。 Examples:
ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk) al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play) ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight), ed:
?says /ed/: patted, landed, lifted says /t/: walked, hopped, stopped says /d/: cried, played, chewed
er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
ie (field), ing(king, sing, dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night, light), ire
oi (oil, boil), oy (boy, toy), old (old, cold), ost (most, host), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, low, blow, snow), ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough (五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous, nervous), ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
tion (attention, fiction), sion (passion, expression), ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
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如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾， 这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．
如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。 Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）：
单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllable word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby，honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love, come, give, field…… 等. 它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音的特殊读法
有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)． Silent b: comb, lamb Silent h: ghost
Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know… Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
\"c\" 和 \"k\" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等. \"q\" 总是和\"u\"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.
\"p\"和 \"h\"在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo.
复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) c和g 的两种读音:
如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音: center, cigar, nice, mice, gem, giant, gym, page.
其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can, clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log. 特殊情况： get, give
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words) 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound 复合词: homework, highway, sidewalk, inside, outside 自然拼音的阶段要求：
第一阶段：认知26个字母(正确的读音)。
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第二阶段：熟悉26个字母的发音。
第三阶段：听到发音能与相应的字母对应上来。（正反音都很熟练 前三个阶段是基础的基础，很关键哦！）
第四阶段：根据26个字母的发音可以进行二三级拼读。
第五阶段：学习各类字母组合的发音。（帮助我们打好坚实的基础） 第六阶段：自如地找出单词中学过的字母组合，并给出该字母组合的发音 第七阶段：结合字母及字母组合发音拼读及拼写单词。 第八阶段：长期运用于英语学习中，拼读单词?句子?短文。
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
l 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. l y有时会被作为元音处理
n 单音节词, y在末尾, y发”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as“i”)): my, why, fly, sky
n 多音节词, y在末尾, y发”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby
2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等． l Beginning Consonants l Ending Consonants
l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds 3.双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词里有两个元音时， 前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音． 如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
l Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
l Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) l Words ending in ll, ss, ff
l Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr) 5.特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.
6. 特殊读法(2) – 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
n 一个音节如只有一个元音, 且以此元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音 (vowel at the end)． 如： baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等
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n air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
n ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added) n er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn),
n ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire n oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn), ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous), ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, snow), n ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
n tion (attention), sion (expression_r), n ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
7. 特殊读法(3) – 辅音的特殊读法
n 有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)． 如： ghost, comb, lamb, write 等
n \"c\" 和 \"k\" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等. n \"q\" 总是和\"u\"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等. n \"p\"和 \"h\"在一起, 发\"f\"的音: phone, photo.
n 复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) n c和g 的两种读音:
u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音: center, cigar, gem, giant, gym
u 其他情况下, c, g 发其字母音: can, clap, cup, great, glad.
8. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words) n 多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound n 复合词: homework, highway
. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音, 其中一个音是其字母本身的读音. y有时会被作为元音处理
单音节词, y在末尾, y发”I”的音(one syllable, y at the end (pronounced as“i”)): my, why, fly, sky
多音节词, y在末尾, y发”E” 的音(two syllables, y at the end (pronounced as “E”)): daddy, mommy, baby
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2. 单元音单词拼读 (Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations) 如： Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词里有两个元音时， 前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音． 如： make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, five, tie, road, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
Beginning consonant blends (bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
Ending consonant blends (ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st) Words ending in ll, ss, ff
Consonant digraphs (ch, tch, sh, th, wh, shr, squ, thr)
5. 特殊读法(1) - 固定读音的单词(Sight Word): the, a, is, to, have, are, hey, love 等.
6. 特殊读法(2) – 带元音的特殊读法(Irregular Vowels)
一个音节如只有一个元音, 且以此元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音 (vowel at the end)． 如： baby, me, hi, go, humor 等等
air (hair), al, all (all, tall, mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ar (car, far), are (hare), au, augh (caught), aw (hawk)
ew (new), eigh (eight, weight), ed (stopped, added)
er (sister, brother), ir (girl, fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt), or(horn),
ie (field), ing, ind (behind), ild (mild, wild), igh (high, night, might), ire oi (oil, boil), old (old, cold), olt, oo (book), oo (tool, school), or (or, horn),
ost (most, host), ou (could), ough (cough, through, ought, slough, plough), ould (would, could), oy (boy), ought, , ous (famous),
ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, snow), ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
tion (attention), sion (expression),
ending sounds : ang, ong, ung, edge, le
7. 特殊读法(3) – 辅音的特殊读法
有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)． 如： ghost, comb, lamb, write 等
\"c\" 和 \"k\" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等. \"q\" 总是和\"u\"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等. \"p\"和 \"h\"在一起, 发\"f\"的音: phone, photo.
复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s) c和g 的两种读音:
如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发”s”的音, g发”j”的音: center, cigar, gem, giant, gym
其他情况下, c, g 发其字母音: can, clap, cup, great, glad.
8. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple syllables and compound words)
多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable, compound 复合词: homework, highway
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一级上册 A says [æ], [æ] [æ] [æ], ant (ax, apple) B says , , bear (banana, bread) C says , , cat (cake, cap) D says , , dog (duck, door)
E says , , elephant (egg, engine)
F says , , fox (five, fan) G says , , goat (gate, gorilla) H says , , hen (ham, horse) I says , , insect (ink, Indian)
J says [dʒ], [dʒ] [dʒ] [dʒ], jaguar (jam, jacket) K says , , koala (kangaroo, kite) L says , , lion (lake, ladder, light) M says , , monkey (mouse, mouth) N says , , nightingale (nut, nose)
O says [ɔ], [ɔ] [ɔ] [ɔ], octopus (orange, OK) P says , , pig (peach, pizza) Q says , , quail (quilt, queen) R says , , rabbit (rose, rope) S says , , snail (sun, start) T says , , turtle (tiger, two)
U says [ʌ], [ʌ] [ʌ] [ʌ], ugly duckling (umbrella, up) V says , , vole (video, value) W says , , wolf (well, way) X says , , ox (x-ray, ax) Y says , , yak (yes, yellow) Z says , , zebra (zero, zoo)
（a, e, i, o, u 为五个元音字母，用符号V表示，其它21个字母为辅音字母，用符号C表示） a，i 的常用组合发音[æ],
cap, ham, mat, cab, fan, cat, bat, map
kid, lid, pig, sit, six, rip, pin big, fish, lip
C+e, C+o, C+u 结构的发音C+, C+[ɔ], C+[ʌ] bed, leg, ten, pen box, dog, log, mop cup, nut, bus CVC组合发音
hop, bit, pet, cup, bed, hit, bad, map, dog, mud, hat, red, nap, god, pot, dig, fun, pot, max, cap, hip, boy, dad, mum, six, ten big, box, net, hit, bit 一级下册 bl, cl, fl的发音规律
bl says , , blue, blob, blet, black, blot cl says , , clap, clam, clip, class, clock fl says , , flan, flex, flag, flute, flea gl, pl, sl的发音规律
gl says , , glue, glass, glob, glad, glove pl says , , plum, plug, plus, plan, plant sl says , , slip, sled, slop, slum, slope br, cr, dr的发音规律
br says , , brick, bread, brow, braid,brush
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cr says , , crab, crack, crow, crash, cross dr says , , drum, dress, drink, driver, drip fr, gr, pr, tr的发音规律
fr says , , frame, frog, fruit
gr says , , ground, grass, grapes, grave pr says , , price, prawn, prince
tr says , , tree, truck, train, track sm, sn, sp的发音规律
sm says , , Smith, smile, smoke, small sn says , , snore, snow, snake,sneak
sp says (变音), , spear, spot, spider, sparks st, sk, sw, squ的发音规律
st says (变音) , , star, stone, stop, stove sk says(变音) , , skunk, skirt, skate, sketch sw says , , swim, swan, swing, sweater squ says , , square, squid, squeeze sh, ch, th, ck的发音规律
sh says [ʃ], [ʃ] [ʃ] [ʃ], shark, shelf, ship, shoe, shirt
ch says [tʃ], [tʃ] [tʃ [tʃ], chair, cherry, chess, chalk, chin th says [θ], [θ] [θ] [θ], thumb, theater, thin, thorn ck says , , lock, duck, neck, deck, sack wh, wr, th, ph的发音规律
wh says , , wheel, whale, white
wr says , , wreath, write, wrong, wrap
th says [ð], [ð] [ð] [ð], this, that, these, thus ph says , , phone, graph, photo nd, ng, nk, nt的发音规律
nd says , , hand, wind, sand, land, pond
ng says [ŋ], [ŋ] [ŋ] [ŋ], ring, king, wing, long
nk says [ŋk], [ŋk] [ŋk] [ŋk], tank, pink, ink, wink, sink nt says , , tent, aunt, ant, hunt, bent 二级上册 a e, ai, ay的发音规律 a e says , , tape, plane, face ai says , , mail, train, tail ay says , , may, day , play ea, ee, e的发音规律
ea says [i:], [i:] [i:] [i:], meat, sea, tea, east, speak ee says [i:], [i:] [i:] [i:], green, tree, bee, week e says [i:], [i:] [i:] [i:], me, he, we, she i e, ie, i, y的发音规律
i e says , , bike, mice, rice, dive, kite, five ie says , , pie, lie, tie i says , , child, tiger, lion y says , , butterfly, sky, cry o e, oa, ow, oe的发音规律
o e says [əu], [əu] [əu] [əu], coke, bone, rope, notebook oa says [əu], [əu] [əu] [əu], boat, goat, road ow says [əu], [əu] [əu] [əu], bowl, snow, window oe says [əu], [əu] [əu] [əu], doe, hoe, toe
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u e, ew的发音规律
u e says [ju:], [ju:] [ju:] [ju:], cute, tube, cube, huge ew says [ju:], [ju:] [ju:] [ju:], dew, few, new, yew u e, ue, ui, ew的发音规律
u e says [u:], [u:] [u:] [u:], flute, june, ruler ue says [u:], [u:] [u:] [u:], glue, blue, clue ui says [u:], [u:] [u:] [u:], fruit, juice, suit ew says [u:], [u:] [u:] [u:], blew, flew, drew oi, oy, ou, ow的发音规律
oi says [ɔi], [ɔi] [ɔi] [ɔi], coin, boil, oil oy says [ɔi], [ɔi] [ɔi] [ɔi], boy, toy, joy ou says , , cloud, trousers, flour ow says , , cow, clown, flower oo, oo, ea的发音规律
oo says , , book, cook, foot, food
oo says [u:], [u:] [u:] [u:], goose, spoon, broom ea says , , feather, bread, head, heavy al, au, aw的发音规律
al says [ɔ:], [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ:], ball, salt, mall
au says [ɔ:], [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ:], sauce, autumn, August aw says [ɔ:], [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ:], claw, saw, yawn 二级中册 ar, er, ir, ur, or的发音规律
ar says [ɑ:], [ɑ:] [ɑ:] [ɑ:], car, cartoon, arm er says [ə:], [ə:] [ə:] [ə:], person, herb, service ir says [ə:], [ə:] [ə:] [ə:], bird, circle, skirt ur says [ə:], [ə:] [ə:] [ə:], hamburger, nurse, curl or says [ɔ:], [ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ɔ:], corn, horn, cord ca, co, cu的发音规律 cat, car, cake coffee, coke, cock cube, cut, cucumber
c+e, c+i, c+y的发音规律
c+e says , , cent, ceiling, center c+I says , , cigar, cigarette, cinema c+y says , , bicycle, recycle, cylinder g+a, g+o, g+u的发音规律 game, garden, gate goat, gold, goose guard, gun, guitar
g+e, g+i, g+y的发音规律
g+e says [dʒ], [dʒ] [dʒ] [dʒ], orange, cage, pigeon
g+i says [dʒ i], [dʒ i] [dʒ i] [dʒ i], giraffe, ginger, magician g+y says [dʒ i], [dʒ i] [dʒ i] [dʒ i], gym, Egypt, biology -ed的发音规律
turned, stayed, painted, wanted, stopped, thanked, filled, started, thanked, worked 名词复数形式的发音规律
beds, books, months, cities, roofs, cakes, zoos, glasses, roses, mouths, faces, days
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le, er, or的发音规律
le says , , apple, cable, turtle fiddle, rifle, table
er says [ə], [ə] [ə] [ə], teacher, farmer, cucumber or says [ə], [ə] [ə] [ə], actor, doctor, author
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