2020届江苏高考英语考前必备(解析版)

【前言】

随着高考的临近，如何做好考前最后的精心备考对于我们考生来说显得尤为重要。为此华剑英语工作室 为您精心打造了助您高考成功的助推剂—2020届江苏高考英语考前必备。该资料包括以下内容：应试心理必备、答题时间处理必备、听力理解题解题必备、单项选择题解题必备、完形填空题解题必备、阅读理解题解题必备、任务型阅读解题必备、书面表达题解题必备。

◆应试心理必备

1.面对高考，以积极的心态暗示自己：高考我做主，就上985！ 2.面对整卷，以缜密的心态把握自己：细节做到位，空白决不留！ 3.面对难题，以乐观的心态鼓励自己：我难人更难，我可不畏难！ 4.面对熟题，以平常的心态提醒自己：人易我更易，我绝不大意！ 5.面对终场，以调侃的心态安慰自己：多数题皆会，蒙的还全对！

◆答题时间处理必备

考生要把握好答题时间的合理分配，确保试卷各大题有足够的答题时间。下面是江苏省《考试说明》所提供的答题参考时间表：

题 类 第一部分 选择题 第二部分 第三部分 非选择题 合计 第四部分 第五部分 项 目 听力 语言知识运用 单项填空 完形填空 题量 20 15 20 15 10 1 80+1 计分 20 15 20 30 10 25 120 30 30 15 25 120 答题参考时间(分钟) 20 阅读理解 任务型阅读 书面表达 需要说明的是，每位考生的答题速度是不可能相同的，再者每年试卷各项难度也可能有所不同，因此，各部分答题时间未必跟上表所提供的答题参考时间完全一致。考生要根据实际情况去宏观把握，确保所有试题的答题均不留空白。在此友情提醒各位考生：如果觉得试卷做起来颇感顺手，就按顺序答题，稳扎稳打；如果觉得试卷做起来颇感棘手，不妨可以考虑先解相对比较容易的题。但是要注意尽量考虑进行微调，不宜完全打乱自己平时答题的习惯或顺序，否则会让自己乱了自家的方寸，更糟糕的是还会容易发生答题卡的填涂错位。总之，不管以哪种顺序答题，考生都要把握好时间，把会做的做对，对于难度特大的或不

会的题，也决不放弃，至少选择题是可以蒙的。

特别提示：

1.不为难题所困。标注存疑，待后深思。在不能确定答案的题目前做好记号，便于完成其他题目答题后自查自纠。

2.确保涂卡准确。一是要保证有充足的时间填涂答题卡。填涂答题卡一般有两种方法：①每做好一大题就填涂答题卡；②做完所有70道客观题再填涂答题卡。方法的选择要跟你平时考试的习惯相符。不过笔者绝对不赞成做一题填一题。二是要特别注意A、B卡上题目的序号。

◆听力理解题解题必备

考前预热：听力在8号下午3点开始。午饭前后可以争取一点时间听一点录音，可以边听边做题也可

以只听不做题。目的是要激活听觉神经，让其兴奋起来，使大脑提前进入考试状态。

听前预读：拿到试卷后利用听之前的时间及题与题之间的间隙时间，快速抢读问题和选项，带着问题

有的放矢地听录音，以便预测将要听的大致内容。

听中速记：抓中心词，遇到数字、时间等信息，要速记，以便听完后回忆对话内容，运用归纳、推理、

计算等方法导出未知。

特别提醒：1.听力过程中，不要奢望听懂每一个词，要做到对内容的整体理解。在听不清、选不出答案

的情况下(特别是1-5小题录音只读一遍的情况下)，要保持冷静，不能因为上一题或上几题没有听清楚而影响接下来的答题。 2.谨防以下几类陷阱题： ①数字计算陷阱

录音材料：W: Very nice skirts. How much are they?

M: $10 each and $1 off if people buy two. They’re on sale.

试题：How much will the woman pay if she buys two skirts?

A. $18

B. $19

C. $20

【分析】如果你听成买一件就便宜1美元，导致计算时变成$18，而选A，那么

你就陷进了命题者为你设下数字计算的陷阱。本题正确答案为B。

②信息错位陷阱

录音材料：M: I know you want to talk about this report. But I’d like to talk about my new

computer.

W: Let’s keep to the point. We can talk about that later. All right?

试题：What will the speakers discuss?

A. A report.

B. A computer.

C. A report on computer.

【分析】本题是信息错位陷阱。由于正确答案处于对话的开始，如果没有引起你

的注意，而你只听到my new computer的信息，所以导致误选B。本题正确答案为A。

③张冠李戴陷阱

录音材料：M: I met Mary in the street today.

W: Really? Did she say anything about Susan?

M: Yes. She ought to be leaving Shanghai very soon, because her husband has taken a job in Beijing.

试题：What will Susan do very soon?

A. Leave Beijing.

B. Go to Beijing.

C. Take a job in Beijing.

【分析】本题是张冠李戴陷阱。应是Susan的丈夫“Take a job in Beijing”，而不是

Susan本人。Susan应是“Go to Beijing”去陪她的丈夫。本题容易误选C，而正确答案为B。

④信息词汇陷阱

录音材料：W: James, you’ve been watching TV for the whole evening. What’s on?

M: It’s a science program on the origin of the universe. I’ll give a presentation on it in my class tomorrow.

试题：What will James do tomorrow ?

A. Watch a TV program. B. Give a talk.

C. Write a report.

【分析】本题是信息词汇陷阱。由于没有理解presentation(=talk)的词义，导致误

选C。本题正确答案为B。

◆单项选择题解题必备

1.抓住关键信息，联系上下语境

一定要细心读完整题，抓住关键信息所给的提示，联系上下文的语境，弄清题目的意图，找出解决问题的突破口。

①Carbon dioxide, which makes a _______ between us and the sun, prevents heat from getting out of the atmosphere easily, so the earth is becoming warmer.

A. difference 【答案】D

B. comparison C. connection D. barrier

【解析】关键信息词：Carbon dioxide二氧化碳，根据常识可知这儿要选意义为“屏障、障碍”的词。句意：

二氧化碳在我们和太阳之间形成了一个屏障，它可以防止热量轻易地从大气中散出，因此地球变得越来越热。

②—Has your father returned from Africa yet?

—Yes, but he _______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia. A. was B. has been C. will be D. would be 【答案】A

【解析】关键信息：before his company sent him to Australia在他的公司派他去澳大利亚之前，这个事情发

生在过去，故含有空格处的上文也是讲的过去，要用一般过去时。

③In order to enhance market competitiveness, we welcome any comments from consumers, favourable or _______. A. rather 【答案】C

【解析】关键信息词：favourable, or, or otherwise表示“或其反面”，与前面的favorable相反，言下之意

是好的或者不好的评论都可以，故C项正确。rather宁愿；regardless不顾；though然而。句意：为加强市场竞争力，我们欢迎消费者提出任何正面或负面的意见。

2.重视语言环境，排除思维定势

语法规则定势；固定短语搭配定势；母语思维定势等都会影响学生的选择。要注意平时学习中常出现的错误；尤其要注意不受本族语的影响，重视语言差异。绝对不可用中文的思维模式来解决英语的有关问题，尤其是以对话形式出现的试题中。

①Mr. Smith suggested the problem worth paying attention _______ at the meeting. A. to be discussed 【答案】A

【解析】容易误选B。worth paying attention to作the problem的定语。be discussed=should be discussed。句

意：史密斯先生建议这个值得注意的问题应该在会上进行讨论。

②Nowadays, more and more young ladies, _______ figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet. A. of whose 【答案】A

【解析】容易误选B。of most whose figures=most of whose figures。句意：如今，越来越多的年轻女性开始

节食，而她们中的大多数人的身材都很好。

③There is a gas station around _______ you can get your car filled up. A. where

B. which C. that

B. regardless C. otherwise D. though

B. to being discussed C. being discussed D. be discussed

B. whose C. who D. of whom

D. when

【答案】A

【解析】容易误选B。如果选B= There is a gas station and around it you get your car filled up(有一个加油站，

在其附近你可以把车加满油)，显然不符合逻辑。句意：附近有一个加油站，你可以在那里把车加满油。

3.善于改变句式，尽量化繁为简

解题时不妨将疑问句变成陈述句、将省略句补完整、将被动句式变成主动句式、将复合句变成简单句、强调句变成一般句式或将插入语成分剔除，抓住句子的主干成分。这样解题的难度就降低了。 Was it _______ the product on CCTV that made the company the focus of the country then? A. advertised 【答案】D

【解析】对疑问句：Did advertising the product on CCTV make the company the focus of the country then?进行

强调。句意：当时是不是在中央电视台上做广告使公司成为全国的焦点？

4.注重固定搭配，善于还原短语

善于将试题中被肢解的短语进行整合搭配，还短语的本来面目。 ①In my opinion, it is the best use that could be _______ of our money. A. put 【答案】D

【解析】还原：In my opinion, we could the best use of our money.句意：在我看来，可以得到充分的利用就

是我们的钱。

②The great pianist performed in the centre of stage, _______ command the keys were producing wonderful tunes. A. at whom 【答案】B

【解析】句意：这位伟大的钢琴家在舞台中央演奏，在他的指挥下，琴键走出美妙的乐曲。at sb’s command

是固定搭配，表示“在某人的指挥之下”，用whose在从句中作定语，故B项正确。

5.弄清句子结构，确定选择方向

句子中所使用的标点符号、有无连词，往往起着决定性的作用；而插入语、省略语等，在一定程度 上都会干扰解题的思路。

①You’d better leave out anything, when writing your resume, _______ is thought unnecessary or misleading. A. that 【答案】A

【解析】去掉“when writing your resume”就能看清anything是先行词，且是限制性定语从句。句意：在写简

历的时候，你最好删除任何被认为不必要或有误导性的东西。

②________ to alcohol, whether for an adult or for a teenager, is definitely harmful from all aspects.

B. having advertised C. advertise D. advertising

B. taken C. spent D. made

B. at whose C. in whom D. in whose

B. what C. which D. it

A. Exposed 【答案】B

B. Being exposed C. Exposing D. To expose

【解析】去掉“whether for an adult or for a teenager”就能看清Being exposed作主语。句意：无论是成年人还

是青少年，从各个方面来说接触酒精都是有害的。

③We really enjoyed Disneyland. We took all the rides, some of _______ twice. I felt just like a kid again. A. which 【答案】D

【解析】分析句子结构可知，some of ______ twice 无谓语，确认不是句子，排除A项，因此时独立主格

结构，此处指代 rides，故用 them。指代rides用them。独立结构。句意：我们真的很喜欢迪士尼乐园。我们玩了所有的游乐设施，其中一些还玩了两次。我感觉自己又变回孩子了。

④I set off at five for the station. It was too early _______ anyone in the street. A. for there wasn’t 【答案】B

【解析】too..to...结构。there to be为不定式。there being为现在分词或动名词形式。句意：我五点就出发

去了车站。时间还太早，街上还看不到有什么人。

⑤—How is the test that you took yesterday?

—Unfortunately, not even one of the hundred students who took the test _______ passed. A. has 【答案】A

【解析】句意：“你昨天的考试怎么样？”“不幸的是，参加考试的100名学生中没有一个通过考试。”

结合句意可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是not even one，是单数第三人称形式，故答案为A。

6.甄别从句性质，健全句子结构

当考查名词性从句或定语从句时，依次优先观察从句中是否缺主语，宾语，若缺某一成分，就得选择能够充当该成分的选项。若主语、宾语、表语或定语都不缺，就再观察句子是否缺哪类状语，选择能够充当该状语的选项，以健全句子结构。

①After months of a frustrating voyage on the rough sea, they eventually came to _______ they called their “dream land”.

A. where 【答案】B

【解析】what=a place that...。句意：经过几个月在波涛汹涌的海面上令人沮丧的航行，他们终于来到了他

们称之为“梦幻之地”的地方。

②She wants to have an occupation _______ her management skills can be put to good use. A. what 【答案】C

B. that C. it D. them

B. for there to be C. for there being D. to have

B. have C. are D. is

B. what C. how D. who

B. when C. where D. which

【解析】考查关系副词引导的定语从句。句意：她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。此处

先行词为 an occupation，关系词在从句中作抽象的地点状语，故用关系副词 where。此处 where 相当于 in which。

7.克服母语干扰，注意习惯用法

对于情景交际和谚语题，考生要克服母语干扰，所填答案要符合英文表达的习惯且要符合逻辑。 ①—Excuse me, but why am I not allowed to use the gym? _______, but your room price doesn’t cover it. A. No hurry 【答案】C

【解析】句意：“对不起，为什么不允许我使用健身房？”“无意冒犯，但是你的房间价格不包括它。”

No hurry不必着急；No wonder难怪；No offence无意冒犯；No problem没问题。由下文“你的房间价格不包括健身房”可知，前面是礼貌用语“无意冒犯”。故选C。

②—What a mess! You’re always throwing things about. —Don’t be _______, Mum. I will tidy it up now. A. hot under the collar 【答案】A

【解析】句意：“真是一团糟！你总是乱扔东西。”“别发火，妈妈。我现在就把它整理好。”根据情境，

母亲因为儿子乱扔东西而生气。hot under the collar发怒的；on cloud nine非常高兴；off the top of your head在你的头顶上；down in the dumps垂头丧气，故选A。

B. on cloud nine D. down in the dumps

C. off the top of your head

B. No wonder

C. No offence

D. No problem

◆完形填空题解题必备

高考完形填空的空格设置一般分为三个层次：①句内层次设空题：指空格处的答案由空格所在句子决定；②句句层次设空题：指空格的答案需要结合考虑文章某处一两个句子决定；③语篇层次设空题：指空格的答案由一两段或是整篇文章的主旨决定。

1.浏览全文，厘清脉络

对于完形填空题，很多考生存在一个解题误区：不先浏览全文，急急忙忙就做题。在不了解文章大体意思的情况下就做题，那只能是“只见树木，不见森林”。脱离开语篇这个大语境，其结果是不断地涂改、不断地修正，既浪费了时间，又导致出错率大增。所以，无论考场时间多紧，也要坚持用三两分钟的时间大体浏览一下全文厘清文章的脉络再做题。否则，省掉几分钟，可能后悔到终生。浏览全文时要注意：

①重视文章首句，通过首句作出合理的预测； ②重视每层首尾句，揣摩文章发展的脉络； ③重视议论部分，提炼文章的主旨大意。

2.分层落实，能填则填

浏览全文，厘清了文章的脉络后，接下来便是做题的过程。完形填空绝大部分题目应该都是基础题目，也就是上文提到的句内、句句层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意，再结合本句或相邻的几个句子做到边读边填。随着一个个空缺被填充，文章被还原，文意想要表达的内容也就越来越显现、越明朗，做题就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空第二步的正确做法是：能填的尽量填一填，先把部分残缺的信息补齐。

3.重读全文，解决难题

对于语篇层次题不要急于下结论。高考担负着区分考生、选拔人才的功能，每篇完形填空中总有几道较难题目来担负着区分考生的功能。这类题目的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络，作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。我们通常称这类题目为语篇层次题。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不急于解答，所以在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推敲难题。此时难题也就不再难了。如果时间允许的话，最好在所有空格填好后，把整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍来进行核查。

现以2018年江苏高考卷完形填空题为例来说明解题过程(解析说得比较详细，我们并不是要求考试时考生也要这么做，只是为了说明解题思路而已)。

Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been ___36___ to pay lawyers’ fees. To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a ___37___ disease. There was no ___38___, only pain relief.

Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a ___39___ journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅行者)guide.

This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and ___40___ recovery. When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank. They planned to keep the ___41___ low by living on boiled noodles, with the ___42___ hamburger shop treat.

Wild camping is ___43___ in England. To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up ___44___ and packed it away early in the morning. The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot ___45___ than they remember it was in their 20s. Raynor ___46___ all over and desired a bath. Moth, meanwhile, after an initial ___47___, found his symptoms were strangely ___48___ by their daily tiring journey.

___49___, the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had ___50___ forever. “Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes ___51___ to a thread, but we were alive.”

During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer. She writes, “___52___ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) ___53___ written book. It had also given me a ___54___, either to leave that page ___55___ or to keep writing the story with hope. I chose hope.”

【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文可以分为三层，通过浏览每段的首句或尾句来理解。文章第一层(1-2

段)：在走投无路的情况下，他们夫妻俩决定去徒步旅行；文章第二层(3-5段)：他们在旅行中遇到了困难并发生了奇迹；文章第三层(第6段)：旅行途中Raynor变成了作家，面对困难她选择了希望。至此，我们基本可以对故事的梗概有所了解：文章讲述了一个励志故事，传递出面对人生逆境乐观以对的人生态度：Winn夫妇投资失败变得一无所有，更糟糕的是丈夫被诊断为重疾。然而他们没有放弃，决定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的症状渐渐好转了，夫妇二人变得越来越强壮了，妻子也开始了自然作家的生涯。文章揭示了这样的主题：主人公身处逆境积极应对终获新的人生。

36. A. drawn up 【答案】B

【解析】句内层次设空题。根据本句后面的“to pay lawyers’ fees”可知他们应该是“用完(use up)”了自己的

积蓄来付律师的费用。与文章开头的交代“夫妻俩因投资不当而变得无家可归”吻合。draw up起草，(车辆)停下；back up支持；keep up保持，继续。

37. A. mild 【答案】D

【解析】句内层次设空题。由上文的“to make matters worse”(更糟糕的是)及后文的提示“only pain relief”可

知Moth被诊断出得了重(serious)病。mild温和的，轻微的；common常见的；preventable可预防的。

38. A. cure 【答案】A

【解析】句内层次设空题。由下文的“only pain relief”可知，此处是说该病无法治愈(cure)。luck运气，好

运；care关怀，照料；promise许诺，答应。

39. A. business 【答案】B

【解析】句内层次设空题。由下文的hikers可知是徒步旅行，故选walking。business商业；bus公共汽车；

rail铁路。

40. A. expected 【答案】D

B. used up C. backed up D. kept up

B. common C. preventable D. serious

B. luck C. care D. promise

B. walking C. bus D. rail

B. frightening C. disappointing D. surprising

【解析】句句层次设空题。由下文可知这次徒步旅行收到了惊人的(surprising)康复效果。expected预期的；

frightening吓人的；disappointing令人失望的。

41. A. budget 【答案】A

【解析】句句层次设空题。上文提到，他们只有320英镑，空后提到他们以煮面条为食，由此可知他们

计划保持低预算(budget)。revenue税收，收益；compensation补偿费，赔偿金；allowance津贴，零用钱。

42. A. frequent 【答案】B

【解析】句内层次设空题。上文说“因为预算低，他们只能靠煮面条过活”所以“偶尔(occasional)去汉堡

店款待一下自己。”空后的treat是名词，有“款待”之意。因为预算低，所以去汉堡店不可能是frequent“频繁的”、abundant“充足的”或constant“经常的”。

43. A. unpopular 【答案】D

【解析】句句层次设空题。由下文的“To avoid being caught (避免被抓) ”可知：在英国，野外宿营是非法

的(illegal)。unpopular不流行的；lawful合法的；attractive吸引人的。

44. A. soon 【答案】C

【解析】句内层次设空题。为了避免被抓，他们只好很晚(late)才撑起帐篷并且一早就把帐篷收起来。显

然，该空与early相对，只能选late。soon快，不久；early早；slowly缓慢地。

45. A. harder 【答案】A

【解析】句句层次设空题。根据常识及下文的Raynor浑身疼痛可知夫妻俩很快发现，他们在50多岁时

的徒步旅行比记忆中20多岁时的徒步旅行艰难多了(harder)。easier更容易的；cheaper更便宜的；funnier更有趣的。

46. A. rolled 【答案】C

【解析】语篇层次设空题。通读上下文可知，夫妻俩都50多岁了，每天徒步旅行，Raynor浑身疼痛(ache

all over)，想洗个澡。roll滚动；bleed流血；tremble颤抖。

47. A. struggle

B. progress

C. excitement

B. revenue C. compensation D. allowance

B. occasional C. abundant D. constant

B. lawful C. attractive D. illegal

B. early C. late D. slowly

B. easier C. cheaper D. funnier

B. bled C. ached D. trembled

D. research

【答案】A

【解析】句句层次设空题。上文提到Moth得了重病，所以旅行开始时他一定是痛苦的，故选struggle“挣

扎”。progress进步；excitement兴奋；research研究，调查。

48. A. developed B. controlled 【答案】C

【解析】句句层次设空题。由空前的strangely(奇怪地)及下一段中的“their bodies turned for the better(他们

的身体好转了) ”可知Moth的症状减轻(reduce)了。develop发展，成长；control控制；increase增加。

49. A. Initially 【答案】B

【解析】语篇层次设空题。最后(eventually)，夫妻俩发现他们的身体都有所好转。initially最初；temporarily

临时地；consequently因此，所以。

50. A. gained 【答案】D

【解析】句内层次设空题。夫妻俩身体好转，发现本以为永远消失(lose)了的强壮肌肉重新出现了。gain

获得；keep保持；wound使受伤。

51. A. sewn 【答案】C

【解析】句内层次设空题。由空前描述的“头发干枯脱落，指甲断裂”可知该空是说衣服被磨损(wear)

成线。sew缝；wash洗；iron熨。

52. A. Doctors 【答案】D

【解析】语篇层次设空题。通读上下文可知，把她所有物质的东西都带走的不可能是“医生”“徒步旅行”

或“律师”，而应是无家可归(homelessness)。

53. A. well 【答案】B

【解析】句内层次设空题。句意为：无家可归带走了我所有物质的东西，我被撕得支离破碎，在人生这

本已经写完一部分的书的最后留下空白的一页。Raynor把自己目前的人生比作已经写完一部分的书(partly written book)。well written写得好；neatly written写得整洁；originally written原创的。

54. A. choice

B. reward

C. promise

C. reduced D. increased

B. Eventually C. Temporarily D. Consequently

B. kept C. wounded D. lost

B. washed C. worn D. ironed

B. Hiking C. Lawyers D. Homelessness

B. partly C. neatly D. originally

D. break

【答案】A

【解析】句句层次设空题。由空后的either...or...及最后一句“I chose hope.(我选择了希望)”可知该处意为“它

也给了我一个选择(choice)”。reward奖赏，报酬；promise承诺；break间歇。

55. A. loose 【答案】C

【解析】句句层次设空题。上文的“an empty page”提示该空填blank(空白的)。给Raynor的选择是“或者留

着那页空白或者带着希望继续写故事”。loose松的；full满的；missing丢失的。

B. full

C. blank

D. missing

◆阅读理解题解题必备

《江苏高考英语考试说明》中就阅读理解对考生列出了七个方面的能力要求，在试卷中具体以下列四种题型出现：细节理解题、推理判断题(对文章作者观点态度、对写作意图、对文章结构、文章的出处乃至文章的续写等的推理判断)、词义猜测题(包括对代词的指代意义、词组和句子意义的猜测)。

阅读理解题是先看题目还是先看文章，各有各的长处，没有什么特别的优劣之分。

先文后题：即先浏览文章，然后看问题，最后再通过精读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式，其特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。先题后文：即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去浏览文章，最后答题。其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。

不管你采用那种方式，一般都有下列两种解题过程：

①阅读文章→快速读题→标出题眼(题目以及备选项中的关键词)→定位信息→确定答案→复查验证。 ②快速读题→标出题眼(题目以及备选项中的关键词)→阅读文章→定位信息→确定答案→复查验证。

(一)细节理解题的解题

1.设题角度：直接细节题和间接细节题。

2.解题思路：①把握解题的顺序原则。一般来说隐含题目答案的位置与题目的顺序是一致的，这能帮助我

们缩小寻找范围，大大提高效率。做题时可采用“步步为营”法；

②通过定位词寻找出题点。在阅读题干的时候迅速地把题干中有标记意义的词或词组标记出来，然后用这个词回到原文当中定位。比如要关注人名、地名、年份、数字、词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等。但因为动词、形容词、副词的同义表达太多，题干中这些词往往是原文中的同义表达或转化。

(二)推理判断题的解题

1.设题角度：推断文章中的隐含信息、逻辑结论推断、作者写作意图的推断、人物性格、特点的推断。 2.解题思路：①抓关键信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话的关键信息，即某些关键词、短语去进行分

析、判断和推理。利用逆向或正向思维，从而推断出其中所隐含的深层含义，这种方法适用于对某个段落进行判断推理；

②整合信息，综合判断。做推理判断题时，有时候需要在全文主旨大意、中心含义的基础之上进行综合判断推理。考生切勿急于选择，应该仔细斟酌、从整体着眼进行分析。这种方法适用于对全文进行推理判断；

③根据语境运用的褒贬，看作者写作意图。几乎每篇文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，判断的关键就在词汇的运用上，它在一定程度上反映出作者当时的心理活动、情感色彩或情绪状态等。所以在做推理判断题时，一定要充分利用好这一点对文章进行准确的逻辑判断；

3.注意事项：①仔细揣摩“弦外之音”，切莫主观臆断。在进行推理时，要仔细阅读短文，在字里行间体

会作者的“弦外之音”。千万不可脱离原文而凭个人的看法主观臆断。要综观全文，掌握主题思想，并以此为推理的前提，还要注意文章的措辞，把握文章论述的基调； ②紧扣文章中心话题，避免掉入细节事实的陷阱。有些题目要求考生根据文段的相关信息对文中人物的性格、心理状况、品质做出判断，这时一定要扣紧文段的主题或话题，不要受一些细节事实的干扰。推断的关键在于“源于文章, 却高于文章”。切忌拿文章中的某一个细节内容作为推断的结论。

此外还有下列两种不同类型的推理判断题：

一是文章脉络结构推理题

1.设题角度：按照段落的组织方法理解篇章结构、按写作方法理解篇章结构、根据文章或段落的组织结构

及其行文方式推测文章前后未呈现的写作内容。

2.解题思路：①分析上下文，抓住关键词。分析文章上下文的逻辑关系，抓住关键性的词语，如“further

discuss”等，对文章将要讲述的内容进行推理；

②把握脉络，理清段落关系。把握文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，按段落的组织方法理解文章的结构。这种考查文章的组织方法的题目通常以图形的形式呈现； ③了解写作方法，理解文章结构。按写作方法或论证方法理解文章的结构。从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：◆提出问题→分析问题→解决问题；◆提出论点→提供论据→得出结论/重申观点。

二是文章出处推理判断题

1.设题角度：推断文章节选自何处、确定文章属于哪一类别。

2.解题思路：①根据文章特点，确定文章出处：不同的文章具有不同的特点，这应该是我们平时所了解的

常识。例如：报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。广告：因其格式特殊，容易辨认。产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等；

②根据文章内容，明确文章类别：文章内容不同所用词汇也不同，如小说、童话、旅游、教育、科技、网络等必然出现其专用词汇，由此我们可以快速判断出所属类别。

(三)主旨大意题的解题

1.设题角度：给出文章最佳标题、概括全文或者段落大意。

2.解题思路：①关注首尾段，中心一目了然。很多文章一开头便展示出文章的中心含义，第一段往往是内

容梗概，表述文章的中心思想，而首句往往会是主题句。我们应该着重关注文章的首段，尤其是首段中的首句。为了突出主题，很多文章采用“总——分——总”的顺序进行叙述，首段提出主题，结尾处再次点题，作者往往在文章句尾部分对整个叙述进行归纳、总结和升华，所以关注文章的末句也尤为重要；

②注重跳读、扫读，整合信息要点。有的文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表述出来，需要我们进行归纳总结，每个段落中往往有本段的主题句，或在句首，或在句尾，根据文章的体裁有所不同，需要把几个段落的主要含义进行整合，最后形成对文章主题、中心含义的确定。

3.注意事项：我们在做主旨归纳题时，要注意遵循“四字”原则：“精”：在备选项中选中精炼的语言概括出

文章的中心思想；“准”：要注意文章的内涵和外延，把文章的主要观点准确地表达出来；“全”：要排除那些片面的选项，选取包含文章的主要内容及作者观点的选项，范围不宜过大或过小；“新”：所选择的标题要新颖，对读者有吸引力，能激发读者的阅读兴趣。

(四)词义猜测题的解题

1.设题角度：生词意义的考查、熟词偏义的考查、对文中出现的代词和多义词以及短语确定指代对象或意

义、对文中的句子表达或格言等进行解释性描述。

2.解题思路：①据定义信息猜词义。如果生词由定语从句、同位语(同位语前常有or, similarly, that is to say,

in other words, namely, or other, say等)或同位语从句来定义，或使用破折号、冒号、分号后的内容或引号中的内容加以解释，那么理解这些定义或解释就是在理解词义； ②据逻辑关系猜词义。在一个句子或段落中如有对两个事物或现象的对比性描述，可以从生

词的对立面猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词或短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast等。表示对比关系的句子有while引导的并列句等。表示比较关系的词或短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as等；

③据构词法猜词义。根据生词的前缀、后缀、复合词的各部分、词性的变化都可以暗示出词义。

3.注意事项：①切记不要受平时该词最常见意思的影响，不能脱离语言环境进行猜测，正确答案不但在句

中能够讲得通，而且在全文中也应该合理恰当；

②在词义猜测过程中正确理解作者在全文中的情感态度对准确判断至关重要；

③猜测词义时应首先搞清句型结构，并且特别留意构词法中的前后缀用法，根据同位语，参照同义词、反义词、上下文的描述、关联词、替代词等进行判断和推测。

友情提醒：备选项中干扰项通常有如下问题：

①无中生有：生搬硬套型：所给选项的关键词语虽然在文章中谈到了，但经过仔细阅读分析之后，发现选项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系；推己及人主观臆断型：很多时候作者的态度倾向一般不会明确表明，往往隐含其中。干扰项诱导考生脱离原文而进行主观臆断，用自己的观点代替了作者的观点；或者干扰项诱导考生根据常识推断；过度推断型：有时作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做评论，而一些干扰项却主观地进行过度推断。 ②张冠李戴：也可称为偷换概念，即把原文中的一个概念变成一个新的概念，该类选项诱惑性并不是很强，考生只要仔细返回原文定位，肯定能够排除干扰。当选项中出现一个单词，经常是一词多义的时候，考生应警惕选项中的意思很有可能和原文的意思是不相同的。当选项中出现一个单词和原文中一个单词非常相似，或者就是一个词，只要词性发生变化，一般都是错误答案。

③以偏概全：阅读过程中，我们可能会发现文章中提到几点，在一个备选项中却只出现其中一种或两种情况，这种干扰项的特点是以偏概全，以部分代替整体。这样的干扰项通常在细节题中较多见。

④表里不一：干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思可能与原文有出入。错误推断：某些细节看似在原文中出现过，但与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置等；以细节代替推断：只是原文简单的复述，而非推断出来的结论；曲解文意：与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。颠倒是非：在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。正误参半：干扰项的叙述部分是正确的，部分则是错误的。

现以2018年江苏高考卷阅读理解题(D篇)为例来说明解题过程(解析说得比较详细，我们并不是要求考

试时考生也要这么做，只是为了说明解题思路而已)。

Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There was every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint(短跑).

“Where did she come from?” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth record ever.

Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann’s friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. Sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse’s roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.

It didn’t take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid

who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.

But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days. “ I have so much fire burning for my country,” Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.

As Muhammad Ali puts it, “ Champions aren’t made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.

【语篇解读】根据首段可以推断本文是一篇记叙文(人物传记)。故事的主人公名叫Shelly-Ann；故事描述了

Shelly-Ann从不被人看好到在贵人的培养下成为奥运冠军，再到最后成为世界上跑得最快的女性的成长过程；最后一段揭示主题：冠军并非产自体育场。冠军来自于深藏于他们内心的信念：它是一种渴望，一个梦想，一段愿景。本文是一篇典型的励志故事。

65.Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann? A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble. B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses. C. She had big problems maintaining her performance. D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets. 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段五、六句“那时Stephen Francis注意到18岁的Shelly Ann 在田径运动

会上的表现，他坚信他已经看到了真正的伟大诞生的发端。在当时她的表现并不令人印象深刻，但是即便如此，他认为也需要发掘点什么，那是其他教练在评估她的能力并发现她缺少点什么时所忽略的”可知Stephen Francis教练从她的身上看到了其他教练忽视的潜力。故B正确(尽管她有弱点，但他感到她有巨大的潜力)，这才是Stephen Francis决定要帮助她的原因。A选项“他非常渴望帮助她的家庭摆脱困境”很显然是不对的。C选项“在保持竞技状态方面她有很大的问题”，如果她有很大的问题，就不会有人去帮助她，为她投资。D选项“在以前的田径比赛中它遭受了很多失败”，文章没有提及到这一点。

66.What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games?

A. She would become a promising star.

B. She badly needed to set higher goals. D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.

C. Her sprinting career would not last long. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句：“她从哪来的？”吃惊一片的世界短跑界都在问这个问题。

后来他们得出结论她肯定就是那些不时跳出来的昙花一现奇迹之中的一个奇迹罢了，最终只会无声无息地消失。由此可以推断：当时的短跑界都认为她是昙花一现而已，所以“她的跑步生涯不会持续很久”。故C项正确。A选项“她将成为一个非常有前途的体育明星”这个选项是不对的，因为当时的短跑界都认为她是昙花一现而已。B选项“她迫切需要设定更高的目标”，文章里并没有提及这个问题。D选项“她在短跑上所展示出来的天赋已人所共知”，在北京奥运会之前，人们对她并不了解，这个选项也是不对的。

67. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track? A. Her success and lessons in her career.

B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit. D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.

C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty. 【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句“Shelly-Ann的母亲Maxime过早地肩负起了成年人才有的责

任促使她下定决心要保证她的孩子不能在水屋无所不在的贫穷里堕落下去，Maxime过去经常做的第一件事就是带她去跑步，而且Maxime也做好了牺牲自己一切的准备”由此推断“她期望Shelly-Ann能够摆脱贫穷”。故C项正确。A选项“她职业生涯中的成功经验和教训”文章里没有提到，也谈不上成功和教训。B选项“她对Shelly-Ann能为她快速赚钱感兴趣”这个更没有提及，当然也不可能是。如果一个人只是为了赚钱而做某事，一般是不会做好的。D选项“她早年也从事过短跑项目”，文章中提到Maxime也从事过短跑，可是后来因为生了孩子就不再跑了。Maxime从事过短跑并不是她促使Shelly-Ann同样从事短跑的原因。

68. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann’s statement underlined in Paragraph 5? A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts. C. She became an athletic star in her country. 【答案】B

【解析】句意猜测题。根据第五段最后四句“我还有很多激情要为我的国家燃烧”Shelly 说。她计划创

办一个专门帮助无家可归的孩子的基金会并且她还想在水屋建造一个社区中心。她希望牙买加人能够放下武器。她想要世界成为女人同时也是男人的世界。由此可以推断“她迫切希望为她的国家做更多的事”。故B项正确。从积极的角度看，其余各选项“她因自己的努力而被重奖、

B. She was eager to do more for her country. D. She was the envy of the whole community.

她在她的国家成为了田径明星、她被整个社区的人所妒忌”比较容易排除。

69. By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that _______. A. players should be highly inspired by coaches

B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top

C. hard work is necessary in one’s achievements 【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。“冠军并非产自体育场。造就冠军的是深藏于他们内心深处的某种东西——一种

渴望，一种梦想，一种愿景。”根据拳王阿里的这段的名言，我们可以推断：来自内心的动机使伟大的运动员到达运动巅峰。故D项正确。从深刻含义的角度看，其余三项“运动员应该收到教练的激励、伟大的运动员需要耐心、在取得成功的过程中需要付出辛苦的劳动”比较容易排除。

70. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Making of a Great Athlete C. The Key to High Performance 【答案】A

【解析】主旨大意题(标题题)。本文通过对Shelly-Ann成功经历的介绍以及最后引用拳王阿里的名言强调

要想成为一个成功的运动员不只是需要强壮的体魄，还要有内驱力。主题与选项A符合。A选项“伟大运动员的诞生”，此标题全面、精炼地概括了文章内容。B选项“冠军的梦想”，文中虽然提到了冠军的梦想，但不能概括全文的内容(以偏概全，主次不分)。C选项“出色表现的关键”， 文中虽然提到了Shelly-Ann出色表现的关键因素，但不能概括全文(以偏概全，主次不分)。D选项“全责的力量”，这是针对Maxime说的，而不是针对Shelly-Ann说的，不是文章主要介绍的内容(以偏概全，主次不分)。

B. The Dream for Championship D. The Power of Full Responsibility

◆任务阅读题解题必备

(一)熟悉表格结构

1.文章标题：全文的标题一般放在第一行，理解文章的标题有助于把握全文的主旨大意，阅读时要多

加关注。

2.段落大意：表格的左栏一般为文章段落大意，利用表格与文章顺序的一致性有助于锁定解题的信息

区间。

3.重要细节：表格的右栏一般是给出左栏各段大意的重要细节，其中的表述一般为文章各段内容的转

换和概括。

(二)解题的基本步骤

第一步：扫读表格，通过对表格略加分析来厘清文章的框架，对考试内容做到心中有数：①要特别

注意表格前的小标题，它通常就是段落和表格的主题句。读懂了表格标题有助于理解短文及表格的大意，了解表格结构和题目的设置；②要关注各段的大意，理解文章的结构和层次关系，把握文章的脉络和行文线索；③关注“三空”(“概括词”空、“短语搭配”空及“行文逻辑”空)：概括词空一般在左栏(注意表格前的小标题通常就是段落和表格的主题句)，在其对应的右栏中能找到一个共性的词语，或“隐”或“显”。“显”的方面：根据右栏的叙述很快就能填上类似于advantages, definition, concept, difference, disadvantages, explanations, reasons, approaches, causes等等常规词汇。不过江苏高考更倾向于考查根据右栏的“隐性”词语分析得出的能力(要擅于捕捉和解读“隐性词”信息)；读空格前后，尽快去发现是否有熟悉的短语搭配信息；读空格前后信息判断是否存在有某种逻辑常识信息。

第二步：结合表格框架结构浏览全文，迅速定位，通过仔细比较甄别来确定正确答案：一般说来，任

务型阅读题的命题设置还是根据文章的结构来设题的。所以可以大体快速定位，对信息进行比较甄别确定正确答案。注意正确答案除了要避免时态、人称、单复数形式的错误，更不能出现拼写、大小写等低级错误外，还要考虑其他三个方面：①简洁性：根据试题的要求，填入一个最恰当的词，因此必须对所获取的信息进行浓缩、改写，用最恰当的词简洁地表达重要信息；②对称性 ：对试题所在表格的上下、左右进行研究，挖掘出其表达形式的共性，如名词短语、非谓语动词短语及介词短语等都应保持一致；③概括性：在最大程度上覆盖有关栏目内的全部信息。

(三)三种题型的解题方法

1.信息查找题

命题特点：这类题目要求考生能快速在文章中查找相关细节，锁定信息来源，并用文章中的词填空。 解题方法：有些原文词汇难度不大，只需要结合题目所在句子在原文中找到句意相同的句子即可。此时

题目所在的句子和原文句子同样比较简短。有有些原文词汇题比较复杂，常表现在题目所在句简短而原文所在句很长，或原文和题目所在句均很长。在这两种情况下，由于题目所在句是对原文所在句进行了句型转换，意思一样，但原文词汇显得更加隐蔽。此时，要认真比对信息，通过筛选和甄别，最终锁定原文词汇。

2.信息转换题

命题特点：这类题型无法从原文中找到原词或完全一样的原句，这就需要我们对文章进行加工或变通。

这些变通大多涉及词和短语的转换(包括词性、词形转换、同义词转换、反义词转换、短语转

换)、句子的转换(句型转换和信息重新整理)。

解题方法：第一类转换词汇较为简单，即涉及词和短语的转换。这时，只需根据题目信息在原文找到相

似的信息，锁定关键词，注意词形变化即可。第二类转换词汇则比较难。它涉及句意转换，要求具有较强的文章理解能力，并能将相关信息进行概括、整合、提炼，从而完成试题规定的任务。

3.信息概括题

命题特点：此类题考生要在透彻理解文章的基础上，根据文中相关信息综合分析后提炼出新词。此类题

主要分为两种类型：结论性词汇和归纳性词汇。

解题方法：寻找文章或段落主题句；根据问题查找定位信息，找出共性的东西，填上结论性词汇。有的

题在原文中可能找不到明显对应的信息句，这就要求我们首先要确定信息区域，然后对该区域进行认真地分析归纳，填上归纳性词汇。

现以2013江苏高考任务型阅读题为例演示解题全过程(解析说得比较详细，我们并不是要求考试时考生也要这么做，只是为了说明解题思路而已)。

Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

The everyday signs of conscientiousness(认真尽责)—being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous(一丝不苟的)in attending to responsibilities—are typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who gets to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.

Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.

Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious had the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer(缓冲)against the threat of job loss in today’s constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as their sales in determining who stayed on.

There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are.

Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict.

But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.

When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity(自发性)are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing to show for their imaginativeness.

第一步：扫读表格，通过对表格略加分析来厘清文章的框架，对考试内容做到心中有数

扫读表格我们可以得出以下信息：

文章的标题：Quiet Virtue: The Conscientious

右栏有三块：其中第二块的73、第三块的77题为信息概括题。且所填的词必须与上栏的

“Features”保持一致性

空格的前后：71题are very _________ with和72题are very _________ with，提醒我们要注

意be+形容词+介词的搭配

注意：我们可以根据标题和第一块的标题(Features of conscientiousness)对73、77以及71、

72题进行试填：functions, problems, strict, helpful。等到第二步再加以验证即可。

第二步：结合表格框架结构浏览全文，迅速定位，通过仔细比较甄别来确定正确答案

浏览全文，掌握大意，把握文章脉络；对照表格，迅速定位，比照阅读，试填答案，先易后难。结合表格我们不难发现，左栏第一块对应文章第一段；左栏第二块对应文章第二、三段；左栏第三块对应文章最后三段。掌握了整体对应关系后，我们就可以逐一试填答案，通过复读文章相应的段落，得出答案。试填的过程中，遵循“先易后难，各个击破”的原则；最后不要忘记要复核答案，注意词性、词形的正确性。

71.【答案】strict

【解析】信息概括题。根据第一段中讲述的尽职尽责的人的特点：being punctual, careful in doing work,

self-disciplined, and scrupulous in attending to responsibilities可知，他们守时、工作细心、自律、一丝不苟，这些都说明他们对自己要求很严格，构成固定搭配be strict with“对……要求严格”。

72.【答案】helpful/good

【解析】信息查找或转换题。根据“It’s the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people…”

中的动词help转化而来，而good意思相近，也可作为答案。

73.【答案】Functions/Roles/Importance/Significance

【解析】信息概括题。根据第二、三段以及表格右栏讲述的责任心强的人使得机构运营得很好，责任心

强的雇员有杰出的表现等可知本栏讲的是责任心的作用或者重要性。

74.【答案】running/working/going/operating/functioning

【解析】信息概括题。绝大数的解析是：根据题干中的“keeps an organization”定位到第一段中的“…the

people who keep things running as they should”。根据定位句可知，第74空应该是尽职尽责的人使得组织运转顺利。故此处应用动词run的现在分词作宾补或与其同义的operate, go, function, work的现在分词。

但是，笔者以为这是正宗的“歪打正着”，不过拿到了分数还是应该值得点赞的。我以为本题

要根据“Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness.责任心是任何领域成功的关键。在对工作绩效的研究中，从半熟练劳动力到销售和管理，几乎所有工作的突出成效都取决于尽职尽责”来提炼得出答案：Conscientiousness keeps an organization running/working/going/operating/functioning smoothly尽职尽责使组织运转顺利。

75.【答案】performance(s)

【解析】信息查找题。由第二段第二句In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all

jobs…中的performance可知答案。

76.【答案】fired/dismissed/jobless

【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段的“Conscientiousness also offers a buffer against the threat of job loss in

today’s constantly changing market…”可知，他们不容易失去工作，名词转化为动词，可得到答案。jobless也符合句意。

77.【答案】problems/troubles

【解析】信息概括题。从表格右栏里的内容和第五段的第一句But conscientiousness in the absence of social

skills can lead to problems可知答案。或者根据右栏的内容概括为troubles。

78.【答案】higher/subjective/unfair/unjust/prejudiced

【解析】信息查找题或转换题。从“Their reputation for dependability influences managers’ evaluations of their

work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their performance would predict. 他们的可靠性声誉影响着管理者对他们工作的评价，给予他们比客观衡量他们的表现更高的评价”可以直接得到答案(雇主对有责任心的人工作的评价过高了)，也可以进行同义转换填上subjective /unfair/unjust/prejudiced(雇主对有责任心的人工作的评价是不客观的/不公正的/有偏见的)。

79.【答案】tense/damaged/poor/bad

【解析】信息概括题。从“so be overly judgmental when others don’t show the same high levels of model

behavior.... tended to criticize co-workers”可知尽职尽责的人对同事苛求，可能更容易批评同事，从而造成关系紧张(破坏与同事的关系/搞僵与同事的关系)。

80.【答案】discourage/affect/damage

【解析】信息查找题或转换题。从第六段中“it can discourage creativity.”可以直接得到答案(责任心会阻碍

创造力，特别是在需要想象力的职业中)，也可以进行同义转换填上affect/damage(责任感会影响创造力，特别是在需要想象力的职业中/责任心会损害创造力，特别是在需要想象力的职业

中)。

◆书面表达题解题必备

江苏卷的书面表达就命题所提供的材料方面看有文字(包括英文)介绍、图表、图画(漫画)、文字(包括英文)+图表/图画(漫画)等形式。归结起来大致就三种题型：文字阅读型，图画(表)型、文字图画(表)融合型。但是不管是以何种形式命题的书面表达，一般来说都有以下几个解题步骤：

第一步 审题：通过读题，包括题目要求、题目中的信息、画面内容及画面信息(画面中的对话、说明等)、所给的要阅读的文章(比如一个故事、段落、书信、博客、帖子、图表)，在草稿纸上列出文章的Frame，即要写几个段落、每个段落的内容要点、时态、人称；

第二步 写作：根据所列每段要点进行遣词造句，把要表达的内容与英语中的一些地道短语、句型联系起来，切忌汉式表达；根据各自的水平用一些有把握的丰富的句型，切忌从句套从句，切忌为了使句子复杂化而刻意堆积复杂句型而导致表达不清晰；期间，注意段落间使用过渡句，同一段落中句子间注意顺畅衔接，不要给阅卷老师极不连贯的感觉；熟练使用不同类写作的套用语；注意表达时上下的逻辑，切忌乱用衔接词；开放性比较强的段落要注意思想性，表达时注意层次性，切忌随意堆放组合。

第三步 复查：①查句式：看句子成分是否完整、语序是否正确；

②查谓语部分：所用动词或短语是否正确、时态语态是否正确、主谓是否一致、非谓语

形式是否正确；

③查搭配：核查搭配是否符合英语表达习惯；

④查拼写、标点和字数：看拼写是否有误、标点是否正确(尤其注意写作中经常要用到

非限制性定语从句来对前面补充说明或说明引起的后果，这时务必加逗号)。

其实三种形式任务型写作都包括两个方面：一是概括题目所给的文字材料、描述图表或图画(漫画)所提供的信息；二是围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法等等。

(一)如何概括或描述

1.“文字材料”如何概括

概括三原则：①精——抓住文中关键词句，省去详例、细节词语，精炼、简洁地概括；②准——准确把握短文中心，概括内容不偏不倚，概括范围不大不小。注意：概括时一般使用第三人称，时态与原文一致。③变——适当变换原文表达，灵活转述，不可照搬原句。概括常用方法：同义或反义词替换、主被动互换、非谓语动词短语与从句互换、整合信息、释义法。不同文体概括注意点：“故事类”要抓住“who(关键人物)”、“what(主要情节)”，按“起因、经过、结果”的思路进行概括。若故事还有启示，可用一句简短的话进行概括。“议论文或说明文”要抓住主题句，分析文章结构，提炼每段中心，整合相同论点。对于

文字材料中所提到的具体事例可“一言以蔽之”：The author thinks that…, and he employs an example to prove it. 常用的概括开头语：According to the passage, we know...; The writer states that...; The author thinks/argues...; The story/passage is about...; The writer/author tells us about...; The story mainly tells us that... 2.“图表”如何描述

概括图表就是将数据、图像等所包含的信息转化为表意的说明文字。图表往往提供大量数据，应仔细观察分析，从中选择有效信息，对没有的信息不能凭主观想象任意捏造，我们要在写作前仔细研读图表，准确读懂图表数据及标题所提供的信息，把握所反映的主题内容，观察趋向和结果，找出变化的规律。然后，用简单明了的语言点明本图表所反映的主题，而且要对图表中所表示的数据以及变化趋势进行准确的 描述。在此环节考生要凭借一定的数据分析和材料归纳的能力进行归纳拓展。为分析原因，发表议论铺垫。常用的概括词汇：表变化的词汇：rise, drop, reduce, increase, decrease, fall, on the decrease/increase/rise, range from…to…；表对比的词汇：while, but, on the contrary, however，compared... to/with, in contrast to；表相似/不同的词汇：as...as, the same as, be similar to, different from, more than, less than+倍数等等；常用的概括句型：①There is an increase (a boom) in the number of the people who visit here. ②There is an upward trend from 2018 to 2019. ③Now the total number is three times what it was in 2016. ④The total number was lowered by 10%. ⑤Compared with 2018, it fell from 15% to 10%.等等。 3.“图画”如何描述

图画类作文实际上就是要求考生根据自己的认识水平，解读画面，按照要求和提示信息展开想象和议 论，将漫画、照片或图片中描述的内容转化成文字。概括过程中，考生要认真观察图画，结合文字信息，确立图片所要表达的主题。画面的主体往往是人物。要仔细观察画面中人物的体型，相貌，表情，语言，动作等，推测人物的思想面貌；其次要观察周围环境，弄清事件发生的时间，地点以及和事件有关的情况，综合一切信息确定文章主题。

至于“文字图画(表)融合型”如何概括就要结合以上方法综合考虑。

(二)围绕话题展开议论、论证或发表自己的看法

这一部分的写作实际上“仁者见仁智者见智”的问题，没有一个固定不变的所谓写作模式，但是也有一般的规律可循。在完成了任务型写作中概括或描述以后，需要解决下列三个问题：

①用好过渡句，引出自己观点或是指出某一现象、变化、趋势等； ②例证、论证自己的观点或是分析产生这一现象的原因、变化、或趋势；

③结论部分要注意前后呼应：论证或是分析之后，要进一步概括归纳自己的观点，升华主题，并注意首尾呼应。

现举例说明书面表达的的第一部分怎么写：

例1：请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。 Li Jiang When I was in the primary school, I often met with problems which I could not work out on my own, especially in English and arithmetic. So I downloaded an online educational app named Zuoyebang. Since then, I have been using several kinds of such software, for example, Xuebajun and Haofenshu. Whenever I have a problem, I will turn to them. As a result, my study has been progressing steadily. I will strongly recommend these apps to my friends.

Su Hua After entering the senior high, I found I had more and more difficulty learning maths and English. As many online learning products are quite popular among other students, my parents subscribed to one for me too. After that, however, I feel as if I were going to two schools, one real-world school and one online school. Every day I have endless exercises to do and feel very tired. Worse still, I feel I have lost interest in my study now. What shall I do? 【写作内容】

1.用约30个词概括上述利用在线教育app学习的现象；

2.你是支持还是反对利用在线教育app学习？请谈谈你的看法，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

【如何概括】看两段文字提炼信息：随着因特网和教育的深度结合，在线教育蓬勃发展，很多学生把在线

教育当成了有效的学习工具。这种学习新模式对有些学生也有一些负面影响。斟酌概括上述材料内容的关键词：combine with, spring up, adopt … as efficient learning tools, have negative effects on。然后扩展成句：

①As the Internet combines deeply with education/With the deep combination of the Internet and

education

②Online learning apps are springing up.

③Many students have adopted/used them as efficient learning tools.

④This new learning mode may also have some negative effects on some students. 最后合并成篇(见答案)。

【参考答案】As the Internet combines deeply with education, online learning apps are springing up. Many students

have adopted them as efficient learning tools. However, they may also have negative effects on some students.

【答案点评】参考答案用了一个复合句和两个简单句话把文字材料所反映的主要内容进行了概括；其中

“However”承上启下，使得上下文连贯自然；“as”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。高级词汇“spring up, adopt…as…”为文章增色不少。

【整篇答案】

As the Internet combines deeply with education, online learning apps are springing up. Many students have adopted them as efficient learning tools. However, they may also have negative effects on some students.

In my opinion, online learning apps are an inseparable part of a student’s life and should be welcomed. After all they are of great help to our study. For example, when I meet with a problem I can’t work out after a few attempts, I will turn to my tutors there. A simple click of the button will bring me the answers, often with detailed analysis and different solutions. Besides, by participating in activities such as talent shows on such websites, I have enjoyed myself and gained confidence.

Of course, it is unwise to rely wholly on such online learning apps. However, they can serve as good helpers to us if we learn to employ their advantages and avoid the disadvantages.

例2：请根据你对以下图画的理解，按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。

【写作内容】

1.简要描述这幅图的内容并概述你对这幅图的理解；

2.谈谈你如何看待这种现象，并用2~3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

【如何描述】图中人物活动：(从背景中的“学生宿舍”可知)一个学生正在宿舍给妈妈打电话。电话内容：

问妈妈袜子怎么洗。对此现象进行简单的评论：此种现象有点荒唐，但是反映现在普遍存在的一个问题：学生缺乏照顾自己的能力。斟酌概括上述材料内容的关键词：call sb. for instructions, wash socks, phenomenon, ridiculous, reveals a common problem, lack the ability to care for sb. 然后扩展成句：

①In the picture, a student, standing in his dorm, is calling his mother for instructions to wash his socks./As the picture shows, a student is phoning his mother, asking her how to wash his socks. ②This phenomenon may seem ridiculous.

③This phenomenon reveals a common problem today. ④Students lack the ability to care for themselves. 最后合并成篇(见答案)。

【参考答案】In the picture, a student, standing in his dorm, is calling his mother for instructions to wash his socks.

Ridiculous as the phenomenon may seem, it reveals a common problem today—students lack the ability to care for themselves.

【答案点评】参考答案用了两句话把图画所反映的主要以及对图画的理解作了阐述。参考答案以使用非谓

语动词见长：standing, to wash, to care。“as”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。

【整篇答案】

In the picture, a student, standing in his dorm, is calling his mother for instructions to wash his socks. Ridiculous as the phenomenon may seem, it reveals a common problem today—students lack the ability to care for themselves.

From where I stand, both students and their parents should take the blame for their inability to attend to

themselves. For one thing, students themselves take everything in their life for granted, thinking there is no need for them to learn some basic life skills. For another, some parents tend to spoil their children, even going to extremes to micro-control every little detail of their kids, which in turn deprives the children of the ability to live an independent life.

To put it in a nutshell, to help children become independent and capable, parents should let go of their children, while children themselves are supposed to take responsibility for themselves.

例3：请认真阅读下面有关中学生自信心现状调查的柱状图及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Self-confidence is an attitude which allows individuals to have positive yet realistic views of themselves and their situations. People who are not self-confident depend excessively on the approval of others in order to feel good about themselves. They tend to avoid taking risks because they fear failure. They generally do not expect to be successful. They often put themselves down and tend to discount or ignore compliments paid to them. 【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概括上述图文信息；

2.简要分析中学生培养自信心的重要性(不少于两点)； 3.根据你的分析，谈谈中学生自信心培养的途径和方法。 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

【如何概括】看柱状图提炼信息：学生普遍不自信；公开场合不敢表现、思维方式消极悲观、处理事情能

力差。至于“学习不如其他同学”这一点可以不提，因为“思维方式消极悲观”就隐含了这一点。看文字提炼要点：这一段文字实际上说的就是：自信心对人的发展的重要性。斟酌概括图文内容的关键词：self-confidence, be crucial to, a lack of self-confidence, common among students, dare not express oneself publicly, think negatively, have poor capacity to handle problems. 然后扩展成句：

①Self-confidence is crucial to our development.

②A lack of self-confidence is common among middle school students. ③Some students dare not express themselves publicly. ④Others think negatively.

⑤Others think they have poor capacity to handle problems. 最后合并成篇(见答案)。

【参考答案】Self-confidence is crucial to our development. However, a lack of self-confidence is common among

middle school students. Some dare not express themselves publicly while others think negatively or have poor capacity to handle problems.(34 words)

【答案点评】参考答案只用了一句话就把文字材料所反映的专题进行了概括；用一个简单句和一个复合句

概括图表所反映的情况。其中“However”承上启下，使得上下文连贯自然；“while”连词的使用成就了一个高级句型。

【整篇答案】

Self-confidence is crucial to our development. However, lack of self-confidence is common among middle school students. Some dare not express themselves publicly while others think negatively or have poor capacity to handle problems.

Undoubtedly, embracing self-confidence is of tremendous significance to us middle school students. Being confident can help us overcome difficulties when we’re encountered with adversity and feel discouraged. With self-confidence, we may accomplish what seems to be impossible previously. Actually, it has been universally acknowledged that self-confidence is half of the success that can bring us courage to stick to what we do.

Given the importance of self-confidence to our success, we should spare no effort to cultivate and boost it. Setting specific and realistic goals can make us confident and hopeful about life. In addition, giving ourselves praise and reward for our achievements will lift our confidence level. With firm determination and courage we can become more confident.

例4：请认真阅读下面这幅图片及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章

【写作内容】

1.用约30个单词概述图片和文字的主要内容； 2.用约120个单词阐述你的观点，内容包括： (1)对“设立家规”这一做法的认识(至少两点)； (2)请列举一条你家的家规以及你对它的理解。 【写作要求】

1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句； 2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.不必写标题。 【评分标准】

内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。

【如何概括】图片反映的是母子的对话；文字反映的是夫妇之间的讨论。根据母亲所说的话“You didn’t tell us

the truth about the exam”可提炼出：孩子就考试的情况撒谎了。根据文字材料可提炼出：夫妇二人深入讨论了“设立家规”来帮助约束孩子的行为。斟酌概括图文内容的关键词：lie about the exam, a couple, have a thorough discussion, decide to list some family rules, help regulate their child’s behavior. 然后扩展成句：

①The child lie about the exam.

②A couple have a thorough discussion. ③They decide to list some family rules.

④They expect that the family rules will help regulate their child’s behavior. ⑤Others think they have poor capacity to handle problems. 最后合并成篇(见答案)。

Due to their child’s lying about the exam, a couple have a thorough discussion and decide to list some 【参考答案】

family rules, which they think will help regulate his behavior.

【答案点评】由于字数的限制，参考答案就用了一个复合句把图文的主要信息给概括了。“孩子就考试撒谎”

与“设立家规”存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以范文用了“due to”；范文用了一个非限制性定语从句点明了“设立家规”的目的。范文的概括逻辑性非常强。

【整篇答案】

Due to their child’s lying about the exam, a couple have a thorough discussion and decide to list some family rules, which they think will help regulate his behavior.

Family rules are an effective tool for motivating and disciplining children. First of all, under the guidance of family rules, every child in the family will become clear about parents’ expectations. In addition, family rules help children understand what behaviors are acceptable, which can help children learn to observe rules in other places.

My family also has a list of family rules, which apply to not only me but also my parents. For instance, one of them is “Pick up after yourself”. We are expected to put away our stuff after we are done with it. It enhances household safety and cleanliness, helping me develop a good habit of keeping clean.

So let’s work together to obey the family rules, which can result in a harmonious family relationship.