金相热处理实验报告

学 生 综 合 实 验 报 告 实验类别: 金相热处理实验 院 别: 机电学院

专 业: 机械电子工程(师范) 班 级: 10机电师 姓 名: 学 号: 指导教师:

二0一二年六月一日

electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific

embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally

reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

广东技术师范学院综合实验报告

班级:10 机电师 姓名: 学号: 成绩: 实验名称: 金相热处理 实验单位: 金相热处理实验室 实验地点:教学楼313 实验时间: 2012年5月28日至2012年6月1日共1周 指导教师签名:

一、实验目的与任务 1、实验目的

为了加深学生对课堂所学理论的理解和掌握，达到根据零件的工作条件正确选择材料及正确制定实施热处理工艺的目的，学校特安排了本次综合实践。通过实践来验证我们的课堂的理论知识，加深理解、理论联系实际，而且也可以培养我们观察问题、发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力。让我们都能操作金属材料热处理的全过程，并独立制作出合格的金相组织试样，丰富我们的专业实践知识。

2、实验任务

1) 根据零件的工作条件选择零件材料及制定正确的热处理工艺; 2) 选择毛坯的种类、选择成型的方法、绘制出毛坯图; 3) 制定工艺方案及拟定工艺路线;

4) 制定正确的热处理工艺，掌握主要热处理工种(如:正火、淬火、 回火)的基本操作技能，正确地使用热处理工种的主要设备，独 立地完成简单零件的热处理工作;

5) 通过热处理的质量分析，能初步地运用在《工程材料与热处理》 中已学到的基本知识去分析和解决生产中的实际问题; electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management,

dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

6) 能正确使用洛氏硬度计和金相显微镜，通过电脑屏幕图象的分 析、了解和掌握金属材料金相组织分析的全过程和方法，初步掌 握金相试样的制作方法和检验技术。 二、实验内容(Cr12MoV) 1、预习报告 1)零件的工作条件

Cr12MoV具有高淬透性，在300-400摄氏度时仍能保持良好的硬度和耐磨性。淬火大于60HRC，1000-1050摄氏度;回火，180-300摄氏度。

2)零件失效形式(淬火断裂) a.材料内部缺陷

b.升温过快、预热不足、温度过高、冷却过快 c.淬火后未及时回火 3)相关共工艺路线如下 2、制定热处理工艺路线

下料—?锻造—?球化退火—?机械加工—?去应力退火—?淬火—?回火—?磨模面。

3、具体操作步骤 1)正火

a. 加热温度:

electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

Ac3 或 Accm以上30,50?。但在实际生产中，除共析钢和过共析钢外，一般都高于这个温度。

b.保温时间:

大致与完全退火相同。但当加热温度较高时，保温时间可予缩短。 c.实验步骤:

领取工件——砂纸磨——水磨——测硬度(见表一)——5张金相砂纸磨——抛光——水洗——酒精洗——吹干——腐蚀——显微镜观察——拍照

d.实验结果:

2)淬火 a. 加热温度:

Ac3 或 Ac1以上30,50?。但在实际生产中，淬火温度往往超过上述范围。碳钢淬火多按Ac3 或 Ac1以上30,70?进行。合金钢的淬火温electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation

activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

度一般也是根据其临界点选定，但淬火温度可取上限或更高一些，我们取1020?。

b.保温时间:

按经验公式估算:t,αKD。 其中:t——加热时间(分);

α——加热系数(分/毫米)，用中温箱式电炉时，碳钢α,1.0,1.5; 合金钢α,1.2,1.8;

K——工件装炉时的间隙系数，实验室条件下可取K,1.2,2.0; D——工件的有效厚度(毫米)。

根据工件，保温时间取为30分钟。 c.实验步骤:

将工件放入1020?烘炉保温30分钟——取出工件油冷——水磨——测硬度(见表一)——5张金相砂纸磨——抛光——水洗——酒精洗——吹干——腐蚀——显微镜观察——拍照

d.实验结果:

electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely

exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

3)回火 a. 加热温度:

查资料或按经验公式确定。

回火温度(?),200，11×(60,H)=200，11×(60,55)=255 其中:H——要求工件具有的硬度值(HRC值)。

工件加热温度为250?。 b. 保温时间:

常按经验公式估算:t,αD，b。 其中:t——加热时间(分);

α——加热系数(分/毫米)，用中温箱式电炉时，取α,2,2.5; b——时间基数，一般为:10,20分钟;

D——工件有效厚度(毫米)。 保温时间为40分钟。

c.实验步骤:

electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

将工件放入250?烘炉保温40分钟——取出工件油冷——水磨——测硬度(见表一)——5张金相砂纸磨——抛光——水洗——酒精洗——吹干——腐蚀——显微镜观察——拍照

d.实验结果:

表一:Cr12MoV硬度表(RBS)

1 2 3 平均值 正火 27 35 33 31.7 淬火 68 66 69 67.7 回火 63 60 66 63.0

三、实验心得与体会

经历了一周的金相热处理实验，我觉得我从中有所得，有所获～顾名思义，做实验是与课堂的理论知识的理解是有很大区别的。通过一周的动手实践，许多课堂上的理论知识都在实践中有所体会，同时也考验electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private

enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation,

employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on

了我的动手能力。

这次金相热处理实验中，我的工件是Cr12MoV，传说中最难做的工件，而事实的确如此。每次做正火、淬火、回火的金相组织的观察前，都有一系列的工序要做。首先拿到Cr12MoV工件，要砂纸磨，然后水磨，测硬度，之后放进金相实验炉保温，然后冷却，再用5张金相砂纸磨，接着抛光，水洗，酒精洗，吹干，腐蚀，最后才能用显微镜观察其金相组织，拍照保存，这才完成了一个淬火实验，接着的回火也是同样的步骤。需要特别注意的是用5张金相砂纸磨工件的时候，每次的磨

纹都要同一方向，而且换一张就旋转90度，最重要的是要磨的有耐心，每张纸大概要磨600-800下，我是这样子做了，虽然会累一点，花的时间也多一点，但是我的工件是一次性就成功的，连老师也说我的工件成像很漂亮呢，而不像某些人草草了事，最后还是要重新磨过。整个实验花的时间比较多也比较繁琐。特别是我还是做Cr12MoV工件的。保温时间比其他的长不说，硬度还比其他的硬，而且，腐蚀的时间也是其他的十几倍，因此，我花的时间比一般人的都多，但是我还是很开心的，因为我有所收获～

这次的金相热处理实验给了我一个很好的机会去学习课堂上不能学习到的东西，通过自己动手、观察使我们的知识得以巩固和完善，加深我们对工程材料的认识。我会把这次的实践作为我人生的起点，在以后的工作学习中不断要求自己，完善自己。

electricity at no cost, revenue from electricity sales. Poverty alleviation to the removal, to desperate farmers out of poverty, in conjunction with urbanization, new communities are centrally placed. Poverty in the enterprise, enterprise more powerful, more social responsibility, they should allow more people to enjoy the fruits of development. Conditions to encourage private enterprises to establish Charity Fund for poverty alleviation, employment, grants, financial aid and other forms of poverty alleviation activities, let poverty alleviation aid corporate social responsibility in the specific embodiment, the proper meaning of giving back to the community. Finally reveals to implement poverty alleviation policies, older age, incapacity, cannot be achieved through industry support and employment support, such as poverty, children and unable to support the poor, Lo-Fi policy

reveals the role to play, eventually incorporated into the low range, and fundamentally solve the problem of poverty. (C) establishing and perfecting retreat mechanism. Poverty alleviation is a dynamic project, we must strengthen the farmers ' information management, dynamic management of poor, really \"poor\" no place to hide, \"poverty\" a timely exit, \"poor\" and \"return to the poor\" get maximum support and help. To build up the information network system of the poor, poverty the basic information and dynamic entry to the system, to implement dynamic management. According to pro-poor development, timely adjustment on