专题24【完形填空】题型增分攻略一解析版-2021年高考英语备考艺考生百日冲刺系列

专题24 【完形填空】题型增分攻略一解析版

解题指导·触类旁通 寻方法，求策略，掌握“套路”

完 形 填 空 增 分 攻 略 一 秘籍口诀 ①句内层次最简单， 根据已知便能填； ②句组层次也不难， 放下该空前后看； ③情感态度慎评判， 固定搭配记心间； ④逻辑关系需明鉴， 复现信息找根源； 技 巧 点 拨 做句内层次题时,可以边读边结合已知信息，联系段落主题，做出选择,以词句意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手。 做句组层次题时,先放下该空,采用跳读的方法,继续阅读与其相邻的几个句子,查找相关信息点。 根据空格前后信息，如果涉及固定搭配或固定句型，分析其正确含义，结合语境进行取舍，锁定正确选项。 分析空格前后句子的逻辑关系及上下文语境，看其是并列、转折还是因果关系，巧妙利用复现信息，使文章上下文语意连贯。 ⑤语篇层次属最难， 先易后难逐级填； ⑥文章脉络最关键， 全局在握抓主线； ⑦前后呼应细明辩， 上下求索看全篇； ⑧等到信息足够全， 综合思维做决断。 语篇层次题考查的是综合逻辑分析能力。需要综合全篇信息作答。抓住主线, 做到全局在握是正确解答的首要前提。 结合熟词生义和语境进行正确判断，结合生活常识或者排除法缩小范围，提高正确率。 分析上下文语境，结合显性和隐性信息推出答案，下文或者最后的题目从上文寻找，开头的题目从下文或段端寻找线索。 复读全文,诸空验证，弥补疏漏。看行文是否流浪畅、语意是否连贯文章结构严谨、脉络分明、浑然一体。

考点突破·针对提能

明考点，攻重难，有效提升

高考英语完形填空419个高频词 第 一 组 1. occasion 场合 2. situation 情况，处境 3. take over 接管 4. exchange 交换 5. command 命令 6. confirm 证实 7. cultivate 培养 8. prosperously 繁荣的 9. suspect 怀疑 10. relatively 相对的，比较的 11. acknowledge 承认，鸣谢 12. ambition 抱负，野心 13. quality 质量，品质 第 二 组 43. appropriate 合理的 44. entertainment 娱乐 45. deliberately 故意地 46. purchase 购买 47. tough 艰难的 48. bright 明亮的 49. remain 留下，保持 50. terrify 使害怕 51. disappointing 令人失望的 52. formal 正式的 53. desire 愿望 54. share 分享，共有 55. fulfill 履行（诺言），执行（命令） 14. protection 保护 15. equally 平等地 16. promise 承诺 17. clearly 清楚地 18. grateful 感激的 19. remove 移开 20. force 强迫 21. apologize 道歉 22. terrible 可怕的，糟糕的 23. stubborn 固执的 24. actively 积极地，主动地 25. spiritual 精神的，心灵的 26. magical 魔力的 27. willingly 愿意地 28. strengthen 加强 29. image 形象 30. complexity 复杂 31. cautious 小心的 32. manage 管理，成功做成 33. prejudice 偏见 34. economic 经济的，合算的 35. academic 学术的 36. control 控制 37. adopt 收养，采取 38. consume 消费，消耗 39. unique 独一无二的 40. beneficial 有益的 41. varied 多变的，各种各样的 42. demanding 要求高的 56. admit 承认 57. evident 明显的 58. consequently 因此，所以 59. accustomed 习惯的 60. accumulate 积累 61. participate 参加 62. absence 缺席 63. presence 出席 64. bravery 勇敢 65. horror 恐惧 66. spotless 无暇的 67. fundamental 基础的 68. employment 就业，雇用 69. involve 包含，使参与 70. actually 事实上 71. harmony 和谐 72. basically 基本的 73. inspire 激发，鼓舞 74. imitate 模仿 75. awful 糟糕的 76. generous 慷慨的，大方的 77. wealthy 富有的 78. function 功能 79. stressful 有压力的 80. persistent 坚持不懈的 81. reluctant 勉强的，不愿意的 82. diligent 勤奋的 83. attentive 注意的，周到的 84. unbearable 不能忍受的 高考英语必考动词短语荟萃

第一组 24个跟不定式【不跟动名词】作宾语的动词 1.afford to do sth.负担得起做某事 2.agree to do sth.同意做某事 3. arrange to do sth.安排做某事 4. ask to do sth. 要求做某事 5. beg to do sth. 请求做某事 6.care to do sth.努力做某事 7.choose to do sth.决定做某事 8. decide to do sth.决定做某事 9.demand to do sth.要求做某事 10.determine to do sth.决心做某事 11.expect to do sth.期待做某事 12. fear to do sth.害怕做某事 13. help to do sth. 帮助做某事 14.hope to do sth.希望做某事 15.learn to do sth.学习做某事 第二组 34个跟动名词【不跟不定式】作宾语的动词 1.admit doing sth.承认做某事 2.advise doing sth.建议做某事 3.allow doing sth.允许做某事 4.appreciate doing sth.感激做某事 5.avoid doing sth.避免做某事 6.consider doing sth.考虑做某事 7.delay doing sth.推迟做某事 8. deny doing sth.否认做某事 9.discuss doing sth.讨论做某事 10.dislike doing sth.不喜欢做某事 11.enjoy doing sth.喜爱做某事 12.escape doing sth.逃脱做某事 13.excuse doing sth.原谅做某事 14. fancy doing sth.想做某事 15. finish doing sth.完成做某事 16.manage to do sth.设法做某事 17.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事 18.plan to do sth.计划做某事 19.prepare to do sth.准备做某事 20.pretend to do sth.假装做某事 21.promise to do sth.答应做某事 22.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 23.want to do sth.想要做某事 24.wish to do sth.希望做某事 第三组 9个可用于“动词＋sb.+into doing sth.”的动词 1.cheat sb.into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事 16.forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 17.forgive doing sth.原谅做某事 18.give up doing sth.放弃做某事 19.imagine doing sth.想象做某事 20.keep doing sth.保持做某事 21.mention doing sth.提及做某事 22.mind doing sth.介意做某事 23.miss doing sth.错过做某事 24. pardon doing sth.原谅做某事 25.permit doing sth.允许做某事 26.practice doing sth.练习做某事 27. prevent doing sth.阻止做某事 2.trick sb.into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事 28.prohibit doing sth.禁止做某事 3.fool sb. into doing sth.欺骗某人做某事 29.put off doing sth.推迟做某事 4.force sb.into doing sth.迫使某人做某事 5.argue sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 6.talk sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 7. terrify sb.into doing sth.威胁某人做某事 8.frighten sb.into doing sth.吓唬某人做某事 9.persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事 30.report doing sth.报告做某事 31.risk doing sth.冒险做某事 32.stop doing sth.停止做某事 33.suggest doing sth.建议做某事 34.understand doing sth.理解做某事 2021年高考英语【完形填空】题型强化训练一解析版

跟踪检测·迁移应用 练模拟，练规范，夯基提能

Test 1

I was born into a family of educators. Growing up, I __1__ stories about my grandfather, a headmaster in Guyana. His wife was a teacher. My father and mother continued the __2__， teaching at the secondary school levels. As we __3__ National Teacher Appreciation Week, I was __4__ by Charles Blow's Op-Ed column in The New York Times to __5__ two teachers who had never failed me: my parents.

I seldom recall the period when my parents were not engaged in the act of __6__ and teaching. When I was born in 1991, my dad, William Panaram, was trying to __7__ a doctor's degree in plant sciences in North Dakota. After we __8__ to the Bronx, New York, my mom, Dhanwanti Panaram, started night __9__ to get a master's degree in nutrition. __10__ my mom studied, she also managed a full-time job, raised me, and learned a new city.

As I watched their schooling __11__， I learned that receiving an __12__ meant much more than getting high grades. In fact, a true education has meaning when its learners __13__ to those around them.

Both show me daily how to live as a good __14__. Both teach me how to love. My parents—my educators for life—make it __15__ that a teacher's job is __16__ the classroom. A meaningful teacher stays with students __17__， in mind or in person. I am determined to be a teacher myself, helping young students think freely and __18__ their own ideas, which is a __19__ of living, learning, and loving with my first teachers. National Teacher Appreciation Week might come around once a year, but the reality is that every single day we need to thank those who __20__ more for others than they do for themselves. Who will you thank today? 1． A. told

C. made 2． A. culture

C. tradition 3． A. celebrated

C. congratulated 4． A. beaten

C. read

B.heard D.wrote B.custom D.action B.shared D.reported B.praised D.inspired

5． A. treat

C. recognise 6． A. acting

C. feeding 7． A. consult

C. admire 8． A. turned

C. moved 9． A. clubs

C. bands 10．A. But

C. While 11．A. experiences

C. positions 12．A. instruction

C. education 13．A. take back

C. look back 14．A. learner

C. conductor 15．A. independent

C. necessary 16．A. beyond

C. inside 17．A. even

C. before 18．A. stop

C. receive 19．A. result

C. purpose 20．A. care

C. account

B.entertain D.thank B.learning D.supporting B.abandon D.acquire B.referred D.settled B.classes D.films B.Because D.Although B.movements D.benefits B.examination D.award B.give back D.call back B.believer D.performer B.important D.clear B.across D.to B.forever D.once B.accept D.develop B.decision D.chance B.wait D.look

【语篇解读】文中的作者生于教育世家，祖父母和父母都从事教育工作。从小的耳濡目染让作者长大后决心当一位心中有爱、教育有方的好老师。

好词积累 ①fail sb. 辜负某人； ②be engaged in sth. 忙于某事

1．B 作者出生于一个教育世家，长大后听说了关于爷爷的一些故事。hear “听说”，符

合语境。tell “讲述”； make “编造”； write “写作”。

2．C 根据空前的“my grandfather, a headmaster in Guyana. His wife was a teacher.”可知，作者的爷爷是校长，奶奶是老师。作者的父母保持了这个传统在中学教书。tradition “传统”，符合语境。culture “文化”； custom “习俗”； action “行动”。

3．A 根据空后的“National Teacher Appreciation Week (谢师周)”可知，空处指庆祝“谢师周”。celebrate “庆祝”，符合语境。share “分享”； congratulate “祝贺”； report “报道”。

4．D “我”受到查尔斯·布洛在《纽约时报》上写的专栏的激发。inspire “鼓舞；激励”，符合语境。beat “击败”； praise “表扬”； read “阅读”。

5．D 根据下文作者对父母的赞扬和感谢和文章最后一句“Who will you thank today？”可知此处指“我”受到激发想感谢从未让自己失望过的人生导师——父母。thank “感谢”，符合语境。 treat “治疗；款待”； entertain “娱乐；招待”； recognise “辨认出”。

6．B 根据下文父母为取得学位而努力学习可知，此处指在“我”的记忆里父母一直都忙于求学和教书。 learn “学习”，符合语境。 act “表演”； feed “喂养”； support “支持”。

7．D 空处与9空后的“get a master's degree”呼应，指作者的父亲努力学习是为了获得博士学位。acquire “获得；取得”，符合语境。 consult “咨询；商量”； abandon “抛弃”； admire “欣赏”。

8．C 在我们搬到纽约的布朗克斯后，母亲为了拿到营养学的硕士学位开始上夜校。 move “搬家”，符合语境。turn “转向”； refer “提及”； settle “定居”。

9．B 根据空后的“to get a master's degree”可知为得到硕士学位母亲开始上夜校。class “课程”，符合语境。club “俱乐部”； band “乐队”； film “电影”。

10．C 语法知识解题。此处指母亲在求学期间同时从事一份全职工作，抚养作者和了解这座新的城市。空处用while引导时间状语从句。

11．A 根据上文作者父母为得到学位而努力学习可知，此处指当“我”目睹父母的上学经历时。experience “经历”，符合语境。 movement “运动”； position “位置；职位”； benefit “利益；好处”。

12．C 词汇复现解题。空处与下文“a true education”呼应，指当“我”目睹父母的上学经历时“我”明白了接受教育不仅仅意味着获得高分。education “教育”，符合语境。 instruction “指导”； examination “考试”； award “奖品”。

13．B 事实上，当学习者回馈给身边的人时，教育才有意义。 give back “归还”，符合语境。 take back “取回；收回”； look back “回顾；回想”； call back “回电话；记起(某事)”。

14．A 词汇复现解题。根据上文作为老师的父母不断学习的经历可知父母每天都教“我”如何做一个好的学习者。learner “学习者”，符合语境。 believer “信徒；信仰者”； conductor “指挥；售票员”； performer “表演者”。

15．D “我”终身的老师——父母清晰地阐明了老师的工作不仅仅体现在课堂上这一道理。 make it clear that “把……讲清楚”，固定句型。 clear “清楚的；明白的”，符合语境。 independent “独立的”； important “重要的”； necessary “必要的”。

16．A 参见上一题解析。beyond “超过；越过”，符合语境。 across “穿过；横穿”； inside “在……之内”； to “向；朝着”。

17．B 一个有意义的老师将永远如影随形地留在学生的脑海中。 forever “永远”，符合语境。 even “甚至”； before “在……之前”； once “曾经”。

18．D “我”决心自己也当一名老师，帮助年轻学生自由思考和形成自己的想法。develop “发展；开发”，符合语境。 stop “停止”； accept “接受”； receive “收到”。

19．A 作者当老师的决定是在和自己人生的第一位老师——父母——共同生活、学习和爱之后做出的。a result of “……的结果”。 result “结果”，符合语境。 decision “决定”； purpose “目的”； chance “机会”。

20．A 全国“谢师周”每年举行一次，但事实上每天我们都需要感谢那些关心他人胜过自己的老师们。 care “关心”，符合语境。 wait “等待”； account “解释”； look “看”。

Test 2

When I was young, my understanding of life was simple. This made it 1 for me to deal with the world around me. As I grew up, things seemed more 2 ，which made life more challenging. Now, middle-aged, I find my 3 of the world is returning to the simple.

When I try to teach my daughter important 4 about life, I will break complicated things 5 into small pieces. One of those basics is 6 ， for yourself, and for others. I teach my daughter to 7 . To fail feels bad, 8 ， but not to have tried feels worse, because you can't respect yourself for it. And as the saying 9 ， if you don't respect yourself, no one else will.

When I was seven or eight, I played at my cousin's house with his toys. His family was better off than mine, and he had many more toys. There was one 10 that I'd always wanted, and I 11 it into my pocket. But a moment later, I 12 ， even at that age, that I would never enjoy playing with the toy. I would always know I had 13 ， and my opinion of myself would 14 . When his mother dropped me off later that day, I shamefacedly 15 out the toy and gave it back. She knew, I'm sure, what had happened, 16 she thanked me and never spoke of it again.

I hope to help my daughter avoid similar 17 . She first has to gain self-respect 18 she can start respecting others. I believe in respect, because 19 it we're all enemies. I'm not 20 in this regard, far from it. But I try my best, and I respect others for trying their best in this changing world. 1． A. funnier

C. safer

B. easier D. deeper

2． A. important

C. fragile 3． A. view

C. aim 4． A. basics

C. subjects 5． A. away

C. down 6． A. passion

C. respect 7． A. forgive

C. share 8． A. certainly

C. personally 9． A. runs

C. writes 10．A. for fun

C. with care 11．A. fetched

C. slipped 12．A. doubted

C. questioned 13．A. lied

C. changed 14．A. suffer

C. fade 15．A. gave

C. pulled 16．A. so

C. for 17．A. accidents

C. results 18．A. before

C. in case 19．A. upon

C. without

B. awkward D. complex B. experience D. expectation B. facts D. choices B. off D. out B. love D. desire B. accept D. try B. eventually D. willingly B. goes D. follows B. in particular D. at random B. arranged D. fitted B. promised D. sensed B. stolen D. cheated B. improve D. spread B. left D. handed B. or D. but B. mistakes D. habits B. until D. now that B. beyond D. despite

20．A. honest

C. curious

B. casual D. perfect

【语篇解读】作者通过自己成长过程中的亲身经历，教育自己的女儿，在开始尊重其他人之前，首先要自重。

好词积累 ①in this regard 在这一方面；②drop sb. off 让某人下车

1．B 首句信息解题。根据“When I was young, my understanding of life was simple.”可知，这让我更容易与周围的世界打交道。easier “更容易的”；funnier “更滑稽的”； safer “更安全的”；deeper “更深的”，故选B。

2．D 词语复现解题。根据下文的“which made life more challenging”和第3空后的“returning to the simple”可知，随着作者的长大，事情似乎变得更加复杂。complex “复杂的”，是simple的反义词且与下文的complicated是同义词。important “重要的”；awkward “尴尬的”；fragile “易碎的”。故选D。

3．A 第一段叙述作者小时对世界的理解很简单，随着作者的长大，一切变得复杂，这都是作者的世界观，故此处指的是现在，人到中年的作者发现自己的世界观正在回归简单。view “观点”；符合语境。experience “经历；经验”；aim “目的”； expectation “期待”。故选A。

4．A 词语复现解题。根据第6空前的“One of those basics”可知，这里指的是作者试着教女儿重要的生活基础知识。basics “基础知识”，符合语境。fact “事实”；subject “科目”； choice “选择”。故选A。

5．C 固定搭配解题。当作者试图教自己女儿重要的生活基础知识时，会把复杂的东西分解成小块教给她。break down into “分解成”，固定短语，故选C。break away “脱离”；break out “爆发”；break off “折断”。

6．C 词语复现解题。根据下文第8空后的“because you can't respect yourself for it”可知，此处指其中一个基本要素就是自重。respect “尊重”；passion “激情”；love “爱”；desire “欲望”。故选C。

7．D 词语复现解题。根据下文的“but not to have tried feels worse”可知，作者教自己的女儿去尝试。try “尝试”；forgive “原谅”；accept “接受”；share “分享”。故选D。

8．A 当然，失败让人感觉很糟糕，但没有尝试让人感觉更糟，因为你无法为此尊重自己。certainly “当然”；eventually “最后”；personally “亲自地”；willingly “愿意地”。故选A。

9．B 语法知识解题。俗话说，如果你不尊重自己，没有人会尊重你。as the saying goes “俗话说”，固定短语，故选B。

10．B 有一个玩具是作者一直特别想要的，作者把玩具悄悄放在自己的口袋。in particular “特别地”，符合语境。for fun “开玩笑地”；with care “小心地”；at random “随意地”，故选B。

11．C 熟词生义解题。根据下文的“ 15 out the toy and gave it back”可知，作者把玩具悄悄放进了口袋。slip “悄悄放置”；属于熟词生义的用法。fetch “取来”；arrange “安排”； fit “适用”。故选C。

12．D 但过了一会儿，作者意识到，即使在那个年纪，自己也不会永远喜欢玩这个玩具。sense “意识到”，符合语境。doubt “疑惑”；promise “许诺”；question “怀疑”。故选D。

13．B 瞻前顾后解题。上文叙述作者悄悄将玩具放入自己的口袋，由此可知此处指作者将永远知道自己偷了东西。故steal “偷窃”，符合语境。lie “撒谎”；change “改变”；cheat “欺骗”。

14．A 作者偷了东西，对自己的看法也会受到损害。suffer “受损害；受折磨”，符合语境。improve “改善”；fade “褪色”；spread “传播”。故选A。

15．C 根据后面的“and gave it back”可知，这里意思是我羞愧地把玩具拿了出来。pull out “拿出”，故C项正确。give “给”；leave “离开”；hand “递送”。故选C。

16．D 语法知识解题。作者敢肯定，她知道发生了什么事，但她感谢我，而且再也没有提起这件事。but “但是”，符合语境。so “所以”；or “或者”； for “因为”。故选D。

17．B 作者希望能帮助女儿避免犯类似的错误。mistake “错误”；accident “事故”；result “结果”；habit “习惯”。故选B。

18．A 语法知识解题。在她开始尊重其他人之前，她首先要自重。before “在……以前”；until “到……为止”；in case “万一”；now that “既然”。故选A。

19．C 作者相信尊重，因为没有尊重，我们就都是敌人。without “没有”；upon “在……之上”；beyond “超过”； despite “尽管”。故选C。

20．D 根据far from it可知，这里意思是在这方面作者并不完美。perfect “完美的”，符合语境。honest “诚实的”；casual “随便的”；curious “好奇的”。故选D。

Test 3

Yellow grease (油脂) is waste cooking oil from restaurant fast food fryers. It is a slightly 1 product, due to its use as an additive in animal feeds and cosmetics (化妆品), 2 it can only be sold if it reaches a certain standard. In the past, a lot of yellow grease went to waste and restaurants had to 3 it to be taken away. This was 4 for home-brewers like Kevin Newman, who 5 gallons of grease from their local restaurants, and turned it to clean fuel at a cost of about $1 a gallon.

These days, governments are 6 to find alternatives to petroleum, and waste vegetable oil has become highly 7 . That's great news for the 8 ，which can sell to the highest bidder. It's good for the 9 too, as the fuel is renewable, local, and gives off far less pollution than petroleum. It isn't great for Kevin though, as he 10 his cheap source of yellow grease to the 11 companies. It's unlikely to make much difference to the general public either.

Biofuels may be 12 ，but currently only 150 million gallons of them are 13 per year, while diesel (柴油) consumption is a surprising 38 billion gallons.

14 ，there is now another 15 —brown grease. Researchers have discovered how to 16 it into biofuel. A grease-to-biodiesel production facility (设备) has been 17 in San Francisco, and the fuel is being used to 18 the city's buses. If the 19 is successful, it may become available to everyone. Since twice as much brown grease is produced as yellow grease, households across the world could soon 20 the benefits of the technology. 1． A. bitter

C. disgusting 2． A. or

C. but 3． A. pay for

C. search for 4． A. great

C. difficult 5． A. put away

C. held up 6． A. easy

C. keen 7． A. looked after

C. depended on 8． A. markets

C. restaurants 9． A. brands

C. companies 10．A. loses

C. moves 11．A. newer

C. weaker 12．A. safe

C. powerful 13．A. saved

C. donated 14．A. Thankfully

C. Unfortunately 15．A. plan

B. valuable D. natural B. so D. and B. ask for D. wait for B. common D. boring B. threw away D. picked up B. brave D. patient B. sought after D. cheered on B. factories D. governments B. status D. environment B. finds D. books B. bigger D. younger B. cheap D. convenient B. collected D. produced B. Obviously D. Strangely B. option

C. function 16．A. fit

C. work 17．A. replaced

C. designed 18．A. power

C. inspect 19．A. business

C. technology 20．A. offer

C. receive

D. problem B. put D. change B. repaired D. constructed B. protect D. stop B. operation D. application B. expect D. return

【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了用油脂制作成的生物燃料。

1．B 根据本空后面的“its use as an additive in animal feeds and cosmetics (化妆品)”可知，黄色油脂还是有价值的。valuable “有价值的”；bitter “痛苦的”；disgusting “令人反感的”；natural “自然的”。

2．C 语法知识解题。“its use as an additive in animal feeds and cosmetics (化妆品)”与“it can only be sold if it reaches a certain standard”之间是转折关系。

3．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“a lot of yellow grease went to waste”可知，饭店不得不付钱让人把这些油脂处理掉。pay for “支付”；ask for “要求”；search for “寻找”；wait for “等待”。

4．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“turned it to clean fuel at a cost of about $1 a gallon”可知，这对于像Kevin Newman一样的家庭酿造者来说是好事。great “好的”；common “常见的”；difficult “困难的”；boring “枯燥的；乏味的”。

5．D 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“a lot of yellow grease went to waste and restaurants had to 3 it to be taken away”和下文中的“from their local restaurants”可知，Kevin Newman从当地的饭店收集油脂。pick up “收集；拾起”；put away “收起”；throw away “扔掉”；hold up “举起”。

6．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“find alternatives to petroleum”可知，政府渴望找到石油的替代品。keen “渴望的；热切的”；easy “容易的”；brave “勇敢的”；patient “耐心的”。

7．B 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“turned it to clean fuel”和“find alternatives to petroleum”可知，废弃的植物油正是政府大力寻找的。seek after “寻找”；look after “照顾”；depend on “依靠；依赖”；cheer on “鼓励”。

8．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“which can sell to the highest bidder”可知，对于饭店来说，好消息是他们可以把废弃的植物油卖给出价最高的买家。restaurant “饭店”；market “市场”；factory “工厂”；government “政府”。

9．D 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“the fuel is renewable, local, and gives off far less pollution than petroleum”可知，这种燃料对环境也很有益。environment “环境”；brand “品牌”；status “地位”；company “公司”。

10．A 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“which can sell to the highest bidder”和“It isn't great for Kevin”可知，Kevin 失去了拿到便宜油脂的来源。lose “失去”；find “发现；找到”；move “移动”；book “预订”。

11．B 瞻前顾后解题。结合上文中的“home­brewers like Kevin Newman”和“highest bidder”可知，油脂被卖给了更大的公司。bigger “更大的”；newer “更新的”；weaker “更弱的”；younger “更年轻的”。

12．B 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文中的“turned it to clean fuel at a cost of about $1 a gallon”可知，生物燃料很便宜。cheap “便宜的”；safe “安全的”；powerful “强大的；有力的”；convenient “方便的；近便的”。

13．D 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“while diesel (柴油) consumption is a surprising 38 billion gallons”可知，每年只能生产一亿五千万加仑生物燃料。produce “生产”；save “节省；节约”；collect “收集”；donate “捐赠”

。

14．A 值得欣慰的是，现在有另一种选择——棕色油脂。thankfully “令人高兴的是”；obviously “显而易见地；明显地”；unfortunately “不幸地”；strangely “奇怪地”。

15．B 解析见上一题。option “可选择的东西；选择”；plan “计划”；function “功能”；problem “问题”。

16．D 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文中的“A grease­to­biodiesel production facility (设备) has been 17 in San Francisco”可知，研究人员已经找到了把棕色油脂变成生物燃料的方法。change “改变；变成”；fit “安装”；put “放置”；work “工作”。

17．D 根据下文中的“the fuel is being used to 18 the city's buses”可知，把油脂转变成生物燃料的设备已经被建了起来。construct “建造”；replace “代替”；repair “修理”；design “设计”。

18．A 燃料是被用来“驱动”汽车的。power “给……提供动力”；protect “保护”；inspect “检查；视察”；stop “停止；阻止”。

19．C 把棕色油脂转变成生物燃料是一种新技术。technology “技术”；business “商业”；operation “运转；运行；经营；手术”；application “申请；应用”。

20．C 因为棕色油脂是黄色油脂产量的两倍，所以人们不久就会获得这项技术带来的益处。receive “获得”；offer “提供”；expect “期盼”；return “返回”。

Test 4

In March 2009, Harmon's life took a sharp turn. The American woman lost her 1 in a motorcycle accident. After operation, Harmon 2 a pretty bad depression. However, determined not to let the 3 slow her down, Harmon got her first robot leg and was 4 unassisted within two weeks. That winter, she found out about adaptive 5 programs run by the National Ability Center in Utah and then she signed up for 6 . She had been introduced to 7 at a young age, and she had fallen in love with it. However, trying to 8 the ski slopes (山坡) with a robot leg proved 9 . Even so, she still firmly held the belief that she could make it. Things changed for the better after she 10 to a more advanced robot leg. Feeling more comfortable, she 11 much harder. “It's something that I can do as well as able-bodied riders on the mountain，” she smiled. “I don't feel 12 when I'm snowboarding.”

Hard work paid off. She has now 13 all over the world, including in Finland, Spain and Canada. In 2014, she 14 the United States at the Paralympic Games in Sochi, Russia, which is one of her great 15 . She now competes with Team Utah, an able-bodied snowboard group that requires her to 16 a little harder.

She puts her love for speed on 17 when not skiing. Harmon 18 works for a company that makes rocket motors. Exactly, she is an athlete with the mind of a rocket scientist.

The adaptive snowboarder finds 19 through skiing. Whether challenging herself on the 20 or in the rocket lab, Harmon thinks that pushing herself both physically and mentally helps her maintain balance and stay optimistic in the face of any challenge. 1． A. arm

C. hand 2． A. avoided

C. suffered 3． A. accident

C. experiment 4． A. walking

C. shopping 5． A. entertainment

C. computer 6． A. accounts

C. service 7． A. skiing

C. programming 8． A. go through

B. finger D. leg

B. beat D. chose

B. conflict D. training B. working D. studying B. sports D. science B. lessons D. information B. reading D. drawing B. adjust to

C. roll down 9． A. exciting

C. challenging 10．A. objected

C. referred 11．A. played

C. drilled 12．A. satisfied

C. puzzled 13．A. traveled

C. performed 14．A. advertised

C. controlled 15．A. achievements

C. motivations 16．A. blow

C. skip 17．A. rockets

C. snowboard 18．A. nearly

C. also 19．A. weakness

C. confidence 20．A. rockets

C. motorcycle

D. head up B. freezing D. annoying B. attended D. switched B. thought D. pulled

B. frightened D. disabled B. raced D. lectured B. recommended D. represented B. regrets D. opportunities B. push D. jump

B. robot D. motorcycle B. never D. rarely B. violence D. beauty B. research D. racecourse

【语篇解读】本文是一篇励志短文，文中的主人公Harmon因一起车祸失去了一条腿；顽强的她并没有向厄运低头。凭着自己的不懈努力，克服重重阻挠成了一名出色的滑雪运动员并且在给火箭提速方面也颇有成就。

好词积累 ①depression n. 抑郁；沮丧； ②sign up for 报名参加； ③pay off (努力)取得回报

1．D 根据4空前的“Harmon got her first robot leg”可知，在这场车祸中Harmon失去了一条腿。leg “腿”，符合语境。arm “胳膊”； finger “手指”； hand “手”。

2．C 根据空后的“a pretty bad depression”可知，Harmon在截肢手术后郁郁寡欢。suffer “遭受；患病”，符合语境。avoid “避免”； beat “失败”； choose “选择”。

3．A 空处与1空后的“in a motorcycle accident”呼应，指的是Harmon决心不让这场车

祸阻碍自己的前进。accident “事故”，符合语境。conflict “矛盾；冲突”； experiment “实验”； training “训练”。

4．A 根据空前的“got her first robot leg”可知，Harmon安上了第一条机械腿，假腿帮助她走路，故她在两周内能独立行走了。walk “走路”，符合语境。work “工作”； shop “购物”； study “学习”。

5．B 根据下文她进行的滑雪训练可知那年冬天，她听说了犹他州的适应性运动项目。sports “运动”，符合语境。entertainment “娱乐；消遣”； computer “电脑”； science “科学”。

6．B 根据空前的programs可知，她报名参加运动项目的培训课程，下文她学习滑雪也是暗示。lesson “课程”，符合语境。account “账户”； service “服务”； information “信息”。

7．A 根据8空后的“the ski slopes (山坡)”可知，她小时候就接触过滑雪，现在参加训练学习滑雪。skiing “滑雪”，符合语境。reading “阅读”； programming “编程”； drawing “绘画”。

8．B 然而，她身上安装的机械腿使得她滑雪过程中适应山坡颇具挑战。adjust to “适应”，符合语境。go through “经历；仔细检查”； roll down “摇下；展开”； head up “主管；领导”。

9．C 参见上一题解析。根据空后一句“Even so, she still firmly held the belief that she could make it.”可知，虽然装着假腿滑过山坡对Harmon来说具有挑战性，她仍然坚信自己能做到。challenging “具有挑战性的”，符合语境。exciting “令人兴奋的”； freezing “冰冷的”； annoying “恼人的”。

10．D 在她换了一条更高级的机械腿后情况开始好转。switch to “转换到；转换成”，符合语境。object to “反对”； attend to “处理；照料”； refer to “提及；参考”。

11．C 根据13空前的“Hard work paid off.”可知，换上更高级的假腿后Harmon感觉舒服多了，她开始了比之前更辛苦的训练。drill “训练；培训”，符合语境。play “玩耍”； think “思考”； pull “拉；拖”。

12．D 根据空前的“I can do as well as able­bodied riders”可知，Harmon滑雪技术和正常的运动员一样好，所以她在滑雪时感到自己像正常人一样，并不觉得自己是残疾人。disabled “残疾的”，符合语境。satisfied “满意的”； frightened “害怕的；恐惧的”； puzzled “困惑的”。

13．B 根据15空后的“She now competes with Team Utah ”可知，她现在去世界各地，包括芬兰、西班牙和加拿大，参加滑雪比赛。race “参加比赛”，符合语境。travel “旅行”； perform “表演”； lecture “做演讲”。

14．D 2014年她代表美国参加了在俄罗斯索契举行的残奥会。represent “代表”，符合语境。advertise “登广告”； recommend “推荐”； control “控制”。

15．A 参加残奥会是她取得的成就之一。achievement “成就”，符合语境。regret “后悔”； motivation “动机”； opportunity “机会”。

16．B 空处与20空所在句中的“challenging herself”和“pushing herself”呼应，指她现在与一个正常人组成的滑雪团队竞争，这要求她鞭策自己更加努力。push “鞭策；督促”，符合语境。blow “吹”； skip “跳过”； jump “跳”。

17．A 根据18空后的“rocket motors”和“a rocket scientist”可知，她热衷于提升火箭的速度。rocket “火箭”，符合语境。robot “机器人”； snowboard “滑雪板”； motorcycle “摩托车”。

18．C 根据上文“She puts her love for speed on 17 when not skiing.”可知，她热衷于研究如何提升火箭的速度，不仅是爱好，她也在一家生产火箭发动机的公司工作。also “也”，符合语境。nearly “几乎；差不多”； never “决不”； rarely “很少；罕见地”。

19．C 根据上文她在滑雪运动上取得的成功推断出她通过滑雪找到了自信。confidence “信心”，符合语境。weakness “弱点”； violence “暴力”； beauty “美”。

20．D 根据第二段她勤勉练习提升自己的滑雪技能可知，空处指的是在赛道上的挑战。racecourse “赛道；跑道”，符合语境。rocket “火箭”； research “研究”； motorcycle “摩托车”。

Test 5

When I was a freshman in college, I had some seniors telling me, “You should not really try to get the highest grades. Try to score just about enough that you are right above the 1 .” They said, “Look at that guy! He is a 2 but he doesn't have a job.” The boy happened to 3 this conversation, but did not say anything and 4 went to his dormitory.

I followed 5 advice for a year, and got really average grades. Unexpectedly that year, the 6 in economy occurred and the whole world changed. Almost all the seniors in my college who had offer letters in their hands started getting 7 letters in their mailbox.

It was sadness everywhere and then it was a state of 8 all over the campus. 9 ， the topper was still quiet. He called me to his room. I had no clue why he 10 me. I thought he had seen me in the library several times. He only wanted to spend ten 11 with me, but passed me his 12 life advice.

He said, “Check this letter out.” It said—“Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Congratulations! You are 13 for a PhD program.” “Try to get the kind of grades that you could 14 yourself on. Don't take the 15 advice. Look! They were all telling you to be average. But I know you can do better. Now go, and spend as many hours in the 16 as you can rather than hanging out with your friends.”

He continued “You never know how the world will change. Everything you own can be 17 at one time. The only thing won't betray you: your 18 work.”

I got the highest grades the following semesters. I 19 it to University of Wisconsin Madison for a PhD in Chemical Engineering, and then to Intel corporation. Who knows where the next 20 could be ...

1． A. top

C. percentage 2． A. candidate

C. topper 3． A. join

C. interrupt 4． A. angrily

C. awkwardly 5． A. his

C. their 6． A. growth

C. downturn 7． A. decline

C. invitation 8． A. fancy

C. conflict 9． A. Lastly

C. Therefore 10．A. hated

C. disturbed 11．A. periods

C. hours 12．A. hardest

C. best 13．A. considered

C. accepted 14．A. limit

C. relax 15．A. wrong

C. frank 16．A. library

C. job-hunting 17．A. taken away

C. used up 18．A. difficult

C. regular

B. average D. grade B. graduate D. loser B. hear D. ignore B. happily D. silently B. my D. your B. development D. recovery B. confirmation D. recommendation B. mind D. panic B. Luckily D. However B. favored D. suggested B. seconds D. minutes B. closest D. newest B. refused D. praised B. pride D. control B. different D. easy B. club D. mind-reading B. passed down D. left behind B. hard D. creative

19．A. failed

C. wrote 20．A. destination

C. condition

B. processed D. made B. purpose D. contract

【语篇解读】作者在刚进大学时听从学长的建议：不要真的想取得最高的分数，而是要试着获得刚好高于平均水平的分数。因为优秀生也没有工作。后来那一年经济衰退，大学弥漫着恐慌的气氛。优秀生找到作者，想告诉他自己最好的人生建议：试着取得那种你可以引以为傲的成绩，不要听从错误的建议。你拥有的一切都可能一度被拿走，但唯一不会背叛你的是你的努力。作者在接下来的那个学期取得了全年级最高分，最后成功去了威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校攻读化学工程博士学位。

1．B 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文“You should not really try to get the highest grades.”可知你不应该真的想取得最高的分数，而是要试着获得刚好高于平均水平的分数。故选B。 above average “高于平均”。average “平均”； top “顶部”； percentage “百分比”； grade “年级”。

2．C 原词复现解题。根据下文第9空后的“the topper was still quiet”可知，此处指的是，那个优等生没有工作。故选C。 topper “优等生；一流人物”； candidate “候选人”； graduate “毕业生”； loser “失败者”。

3．B 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文第3空后的this conversation和but did not say anything可知，男孩碰巧听到了这段对话。故选B。hear “听见”； join “加入”； interrupt “打断”； ignore “忽视”。

4．D 瞻前顾后解题。 根据上文but did not say anything可知，男孩沉默地回到了宿舍。故选D。angrily “生气地”； happily “快乐地”； awkwardly “尴尬地”； silently “沉默地”。

5．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据上文可知，是高年级学长告诉作者这条建议的，因此作者是听从他们的建议。故选C。

6．C 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文的“It was sadness everywhere”和录用的信件少了，由此可知那一年经济衰退。故选C。downturn “衰退”； growth “增长”； development “发展”； recovery “恢复”。

7．A 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文的“It was sadness everywhere”和上文提到的经济衰退，可推知录用的信件也减少了。故选A。decline “减少”； confirmation “确认”； invitation “邀请”； recommendation “推荐”。

8．D 逻辑关系解题。根据and的用法，可知正确选项与sadness呼应，故此处指的是，到处都是悲伤，校园里一片恐慌。故选D。 panic “恐慌”。 fancy “幻想”； mind “理智”； conflict “冲突”。

9．D 语法知识解题。对比校园的恐慌、悲伤和优秀生的安静，可知此处是转折关系，故选D。however “然而”，符合语境。 lastly “最后”； luckily “幸运的是”； therefore “因

此”。

10．B 根据上文“He called me to his room.”可知，作者不知道他为什么偏偏找到了作者。故选B。 favor “偏袒；支持”； hate “讨厌”； disturb “干扰”； suggest “建议”。

11．D 他只想和我待十分钟。给我他最好的人生建议。故选D。minute “分钟”； period “周期”； second “秒”； hour “小时”。

12．C 解析见上一题。best “最好的”； hardest “最艰难的”； closest “最近的”； newest “最新的”。

13．C 生活常识解题。 根据上文的Congratulations！可知，优秀生是被录用了。故选C。accept “接受；录用”； consider “考虑”； refuse “拒绝”； praise “赞美”。

14．B 瞻前顾后解题。根据下文的“got the highest grades”可知，优秀生建议作者努力争取取得那种可以引以为傲的成绩。故选B。 pride在本句中为动词，pride ... on ... “以……为傲”。limit “限制”； relax “放松”； control “控制”。

15．A 瞻前顾后解题。上文叙述作者的学长们劝作者只考高于平均分，而此处优等生劝作者尽力考高分，因此此处指优等生建议作者不要听从错误的建议。故选A。wrong “错误的”； different “不同的”； frank “坦白的”； easy “容易的”。

16．A 生活常识解题。根据常识可知要想取得高分，应多学习，结合选项学习的地点应是在图书馆，故选A。 library “图书馆”； club “俱乐部”； job­hunting “求职”； mind­reading “读心”。

17．A 根据下文的“唯一不会背叛你的是你的努力”可知，你所拥有的一切都可能一度被拿走。故选A。 take away “拿走”； pass down “传递下去”； use up “用完”； leave behind “留下；遗留”。

18．B 唯一不会背叛你的是你的努力。故选B。hard “努力的”； difficult “困难的”； regular “有规律的”； creative “创造性的”。

19．D 固定搭配解题。作者成功取得威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校攻读化学工程博士学位。make it “成功；达到目标”，故选D。 fail “失败”； process “处理”； write “写”。

20．A 谁知道下一个目的地会在哪儿。故选A。destination “目的地”； purpose “目的”； condition “条件”； contract “合同”。

Test 6

One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her __1__ swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly __2__ by an urgent call from her sister.“Get over here! Turn on NBC and check these guys out. They are just like you...” One Facebook message and a phone interview later, Catherine __3__ herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering desert heat of Utah, picking up trash and __4__awareness about zero-waste and climate change.

With a deep __5__ of the environment and a desire to make a __6__， Catherine, Davey, and a group of self __7__“environmental pick­up artists” went on a coast to coast road side trash pick-up. As they walked, sometimes only __8__ 0.9 miles in an entire day, they __9__ and steadily made their way across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201，678 pounds of trash.

Catherine and Davey __10__ with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their __11__ to continue their journey. After spending weeks silently __12__ how she would have enough __13__ to fly home for their two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope __14__ with $850 cash in the desert. Just enough to get her home and back. After their bus __15__ outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got __16__ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where __17__ from all over the state came together with a __18__ of cleaning up trash all over the park. Being at the right place at the right time became almost normal, and they realized that much of what they __19__ was more than just a coincidence. Together, their team learned to simply __20__ themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey. 1． A. hands

C．thoughts 2． A. blamed

C．moved 3． A. dropped

C．found 4． A. abandoning

C．raising 5． A. pride

C．fear 6． A. difference

C．mistake 7． A. corrected

C．repeated

B．balance D．position B．interrupted D．frightened B．cheered D．taught B．shaking D．hiding B．trust D．love B．promise D．plan B．described D．discovered

8． A. driving

C．riding 9． A. slowly

C．helplessly 10．A. heard

C．wrote 11．A. efforts

C．problems 12．A. worrying about

C．depending on 13．A. time

C．money 14．A. equipped

C．decorated 15．A. set off

C．headed for 16．A. rest

C．understanding 17．A. members

C．tourists 18．A. purpose

C．decision 19．A. introduced

C．experienced 20．A. turn

C．compare

B．fixing D．covering B．secretly D．frequently B．shared D．read B．costs D．choices B．replying to D．meeting with B．food D．room B．supplied D．filled B．broke down D．held on B．practice D．help B．volunteers D．reporters B．question D．lesson B．expected D．examined B．limit D．devote

【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Catherine和她的团队通过致力于沿海岸边拾荒活动来提高人们对零浪费和气候变化的认识。

1．C 解析：根据下文中的“swung between what she was going to do with her life and their dinner plans for the evening”可知，Catherine的思绪在如何处理她的生活和晚餐计划之间摇摆。C项意为“想法”，符合语境。故选C。

2．B 解析：根据下文中的“by an urgent call from her sister”可知，她的思绪被她姐姐的紧急电话打断了。B项意为“打断”，符合语境。故选B。

3．C 解析：根据下文中的“herself on a bus with 8 strangers”可知，Catherine发现自己

和8名陌生人在一辆公共汽车上。C项意为“发现”，符合语境。故选C。

4．C 解析：根据下文语境可知，此处指提高零浪费和气候变化的意识。C项意为“提高”，符合语境。故选C。

5．D 解析：根据下文中的“‘environmental pick­up artists’went on a coast to coast road side trash pick­up”可知，她们的举动是因为对环境的热爱。D项意为“爱”，符合语境。故选D。

6．A 解析：根据下文中的“‘environmental pick­up artists’ went on a coast to coast road side trash pick-up”可知，带着对环境的热爱和想要有所作为的愿望，Catherine、Davey和一群自称是“环保拾荒艺术家”的人一起参加了一次沿海岸边拾荒的活动。故选A。

7．B 解析：根据下文中的“environmental pick­up artists”可知，他们自称是“环保拾荒艺术家”。故选B。

8．D 解析：根据语境可知，当他们步行时，有的一整天只走了0.9英里路，D项意为“走过，覆盖”，符合语境。故选D。

9．A 解析：根据上文中的“0.9 miles in an entire day”可知，当他们步行时，一整天只走了0.9英里路，速度缓慢。A项意为“缓慢地”，符合语境。故选A。

10．B 解析：根据下文中的“wonderful stories of hope”可知，他们跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事。B项意为“分享”，符合语境。故选B。

11．A 解析：根据语境可知，Catherine和Davey跟“我们”分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事，它们激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。A项意为“努力”，符合语境。故选A。

12．A 解析：根据下文语境可知，Catherine担心怎样才能有足够的钱回家。A项意为“担心”，符合语境。故选A。

13．C 解析：根据下文中的“with $850 cash in the desert”可知，此处指如何有足够的钱回家。C项意为“钱”，符合语境。故选C。

14．D 解析：根据语境可知，Catherine在沙漠中发现了一个空白的、未署名的信封，里面装着850美元现金。故选D。

15．B 解析：根据下文中的“ they unexpectedly got ______ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later”可推知，他们的汽车出了故障。B项意为“出故障”，符合语境。故选B。

16．D 解析：根据上下文语境可知，汽车出了故障，他们意想不到地得到了帮助，三个星期后到达了Yosemite国家公园。D项意为“帮助”，符合语境。故选D。

17．B 解析：根据下文中的“cleaning up trash all over the park”可知，此处指来自全国的志愿者聚集到一起。B项意为“志愿者”，符合语境。故选B。

18．A 解析：根据语境可知，来自全国的志愿者带着清理垃圾的目的聚集到一起。A项意为“目的”，符合语境。故选A。

19．C 解析：根据语境可知，他们意识到他们所经历的事情都不仅仅是巧合。C项意

为“经历”，符合语境。故选C。

20．D 解析：根据语境可知，他们团队学会了致力于他们的任务中。D项意为“致力于”，符合语境。故选D。

[长难句分析] Catherine and Davey shared with us wonderful stories of hope and inspiration that fueled their efforts to continue their journey.(第三段第一句)

分析：本句是一个主从复合句。that引导定语从句。

译文：Catherine和Davey跟我们分享了关于希望和灵感的精彩故事，它们激励他们努力继续他们的旅程。