牛津译林版八年级英语下册8B U1 知识点讲解和练习(附答案)

8B Unit 1 Past and Present

Welcome to the unit 预习热身

1. present n. _______ 2. just adv. ______________

3. _______ n.过去 4. _______ conj.自……以来

5. share …with … _______ 6. used to______________

7. by underground_______ 8. _____________一小时前

9. - Eddie, have you seen my food? ___________________________________

- Yes. I've just eaten it. ___________________________________________

10. You used to share food with me! ___________________________________

11. Well, there were always too many people on the bus, and it took a long time to wait for the next one.

_____________________________________________________________________

知识点讲解

1．- Eddie，have you seen my food?埃迪，你看到我 的食物了吗？

- Yes. I've just eaten it．是的。我刚刚把它吃了。

思考：have you seen与I've just eaten用的是什么时态？

讲解：have you seen和I've just eat en都用了现在完成时

现在完成时由“助动词have/has＋过去分词”构成，其中I've是I have的缩略形式，seen是see的过去分词，eaten是eat的过去分词。

例如：- Have you eaten your breakfast? 你吃过早饭了吗？

- Yes，I have. 是的，我吃过了。

( )- Would you like to go and see Avatar with me tonight?

- Thank you very much, but I_______ it already.

A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing

2．You've eaten my food? 你吃了我的食物?

思考：该句为什么句式？

讲解：本句为陈述句，但句末用问号，表示疑问。这种问句常用于口语中，表示较弱

的疑问语气。

- You are fourteen years old? 你十四岁了？

- Yes，I am．是的。

( ) - _______ - Yes. I can watch TV for half an hour then.

A. What about doing your homework?

B. You've finished your homework?

C. Do you finish your homework?

D. Did you do your homework?

3．Because I was very hungry．因为我很饿。

思考：because的意思是“_______”。

讲解：because意为“因为”，后跟原因状语从句，通常用来回答由why引导的特殊疑问句。

注意： because of 后面加名词短语

- Why were you late for school this morning? 今天早上你为什么上学迟到了？

- Because there was something wrong with my bike.因为我的自行车坏了。

( ) Tony never spends money in buying books_______ he doesn't like reading．

A. but B. because C. though D. until

4．You used to share food with me! 你过去常和我分享食物！

思考：used to是什么意思？后接动词时，动词用什么形式？

讲解：used to意为“过去常常”。后接动词时，动词用原形。

used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。

I used to help the old man.我过去常常帮助那位老人。

[注意] be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”．be used to do sth．意为“被用来做某事”。

I am used to getting up at six in the morning. 我习惯于早上六点起床。

A knife is used to cut things. 刀子是用来切东西的。

( )①He used to_______ in a small village, but now he has been used to_______ in a big city.

A. live; living B. live; live C. living; living

( )②Do you know what the box_______?

A. is used to doing B. is used to do

C．use to do D．used to do

思考：share…with…的意思是“_______”。

讲解：share…with…意为“与……一起分享……”。

I share the same bedroom with my sister.我和我妹妹同住一室。

③你经常与别人分享你的信息吗？

Do you often_______ _______ _______ _______ _______?

Reading 预习热身

1. northern adj._______ 2．married adj. _______

3. wife n._______ 4.improve vt.＆．vi. _______

5．_______ n污染；污染物 6．_______ n．工厂

7．_______ n．废料；废品 8．_______ vt. & vi.意识到；实现

9．_______ n．形势，情况 10. _______ adj.孤独的，寂寞的

11．_______ n．丈夫 12. _______ n．采访；会见

13．turn…into…_______ 14.in some ways______________

15. from time to time_______ 16. all one's life______________

17. ______________结婚 18. ______________变化很大

19．______________多年来 20. ______________感到有点儿寂寞

21.Has the area changed/a lot over the years?

___________________________

22.Now, the government has turned part of the town centre into a new park.

_____________________________________________________________________

23. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.

___________________________________

24. Anyway, it's good to see the amazing changes in the town.

_______________________

25. Tell me more about your interview with Mr Chen, Millie.

_____________________________________________________________________

知识点讲解 1. - Do you know Sunshine Town very well, Mr Chen?

陈先生，您对阳光镇非常了解吗 ？

- Sure. I've lived here since l was born.

当然。我从出生就住在这里了。

思考：know…well的意思是“_______”

讲解：know…well意为“对……清楚，对……熟悉”，后面可以跟人或物。对程度提问时用how well。

I know Mr. Green very well.我对格林先生很熟悉。

How well do you know your hometown? 你对你的家乡了解多少？

( ) - How well do you know your school? -I know it quite_______.

A. good B. well C. fine D. bad

2. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away and we've lived in this flat since then．

在1965年，当我和我妻子结婚时，我们搬到了两个街区外并且一直在这个公寓里住到现在。

思考：get married的意思是“_______”。

讲解：get married意为“结婚”，表示结婚的动作，不能和一段时间连用。

My parents got married twenty years ago.我的父母是二十年前结婚的。

拓展：marry既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“结婚；嫁；娶；与……结婚”等。其常见用法如下：

(1 ) marry sb.嫁给某人；与某人结婚。

John married Mary last week.上星期约翰和玛丽结婚了。

(2) marry sb. to sb.表示父每把女儿嫁给某人或为儿子娶媳妇。

She married her daughter to a businessman.她把女儿嫁给了一位商人：

(3)marry作不及物动词时，常常用副词或介词短语来修饰。

She married very early.她很早就结婚了。

(4) marry -般不与介词with连用，而与介词to连用，即be/get married to sb.与某人结婚。

Jane was married to a doctor last month. 上个月简和一位医生结婚了。

Rose got married to a teacher.罗丝和一位教师结婚了。

(5)问某人是否结婚，而不涉及结婚的对象时，可以用be/get married，相当于系表结构。

Are you married? /Have you got married? 你结婚了吗？

( ) Catherine got married_______ a policeman twenty years ago.

A．with B．for C．to

3. Has the area changed a lot over the years?

这个地区近些年的变化大吗？

思考：over the years的意思是“_______”。

讲解：over the years意为“历年；多年来；多年以来”，相当于during the years，常与现在完成时连用。

He says this number has not changed much over the years.

他说这个数字历年来没有太大的变化。

练习: 用所给单词的适当形式填空

This village_______ (not change) over the years.

4. Now, the government has turned part of the town center into a new park.

现在，政府已经把部分镇中心变成了一个新的公园。

思考：turn…into的意思是“_______”。

讲解：”turn…into意为“把……变成……”，相当于change…into…；表示“变成．……”，

也可以用turn into或change into。

They turned the reading room into a laboratory.他们把阅览室改建成了一个实验室。

Bad beginnings may turn into good endings.糟糕的开端可能转变为美好的结局。

( ) Please_______ these sentences_______ English.

A. turn; into B. turn; on C. turn; down D. turn; off

5. Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.

后来，政府意识到这个问题并采取措施改善了形势。

思考：realize的意思是“_______”，

讲解：realize 为“意识到”，后面可以跟表示事物的名词、代词或从句。

He hasn't realized his mistake yet.他还没有意识到他的错误。

When I heard the noise on the roof, I realized that it was raining.

当我听到屋顶上的声音时，我意识到正在下雨。

此外，realize还可以表示“实现”，后面跟宾语。

He hoped to be a policeman and he realized his hope in the end.

他希望当一名警察而且最终实现了他的愿望。

( )①At last she_______ her dream of becoming an actress.

A. came true B. realize C. realized D. come true

思考：improve意为“_______”，其英文释义是_______。

讲解：improve意为“改进，改善”，其英文释义是make…better。

He practices speaking English every day in order to improve his spoken English.

他每天练习说英语以便提高他的英语口语（水平）。

②He is trying to improve his reading skills. 同义句转换

He is trying to_______ his reading skills_______.

6．Well，in some ways it is．嗯，在某些方面是（比以前好）。

思考：in some ways的意思是“_______”。

讲解：in some ways意为“在某些方面；在某种程度上”，在句中通常作状语。类似的短语有：in ma ny ways在许多方面；in most ways在大多数方面。

In some ways you are right.在某些方面你是对的。

In most ways we are all the same.在大多数方面我们是一样的。

人们在许多方面用到植物。 People use plants_______ _______ _______.

7. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.

现在我时常感到有点儿寂寞。

思考：a bit意为“_______”。

讲解： (1)a bit意为“一点儿；有一点儿”，可以修饰形容词或副词的原级和比较级，相当于a little。

I am a bit hungry.＝I am a little hungry.

我有一点儿饿。

Tom runs a bit faster than Sam. ＝Tom runs a little faster than Sam.

汤姆跑得比萨姆快一点儿。

(2)a bit of 后面可以跟不可数名词，相当于a little后面跟不可数名词。

There is a bit of tea in the cup.＝There is a little tea in the cup.杯子里有一点儿茶。

练习：单项选择

( )① It Is _______hotter today than yesterday.

A. a bit of B. a bit C. little D. a little of

思考：lonely与alone有何区别？

讲解：(1)alone可以作形容词，但是只作表语，不作定语。

He was alone in the house．他独自一人在家。

注意：alone也可以作副词，意为“独自”。

He came alone.他是独自一人来的。

(2)lonely既可以作定语，也可以作袁语。作表语是“寂寞、孤立”的意思，一般指人孤独寂寞；作定语指地方荒无人烟，有浓厚的感情色彩。

She often feels lonely because she lives al one.

她经常感到孤独，因为她独自一人生活。

This is a lonely place.这是一个荒无人烟的地方。

( )②Though he is_______ at home，he doesn't feel_______ for he has many

things to do.

A. alone; lonely B. lonely; alone C. alone; alone

思考：from time to time的意思是“_______”。

讲解：from time to time意为“不时，有时，偶尔”，相当于at times，sometimes。

1 will see you from time to time.我会时常去看望你们。

练习：同义句转换

③I go to school by bike sometimes.

I go to school by bike_______ _______ _______ _______.

8. Anyway, it's good to see the am azing changes in the town.

思考：anyway的意思是“_______”。

讲解：anyway意为“尽管，即使这样”。

No one believes what you said anyway.

不管怎样，没有人相信你的话。

不管怎样，我们必须保证学生的安全。

_______, we must keep students______

参考答案：

Welcome to the unit参考答案

预学热身

1．现在，目前 2．刚才 3．past 4．Since 5．和……一起分享…… 6．过去常常7．乘地铁 8. an hour ago 9. too many people 10. wait for 11.“埃迪，你看到我的食物了吗？”“是的。我刚刚把它吃了。” 12.你过去常和我分享食物! 13．嗯，在公共汽车上总是有太多的人，而且等待下一辆车需要花很长时间。

1. Yes, he has. 2.Because he was very hungry.

教材导读

1.C 2.B 3.B 4.①A ②B ③share your information with others

reading参考答案

预学热身

◆1．北方的，北部的2．已婚的，结婚的3．妻子 4．改进，改善 5．pollution

6．factory 7．Waste 8. realize 9.situation 10. lonely 11. husband 12. interview 13.把……变成… … l4．在某种程度上 15．不时，有时，偶尔 16. 一生 17. get married 18. change a lot 19. over the years 20. feel a bit lonely 21．这个地区近些年的变化大吗？ 22．现在，政府已经把部分镇中心变成了一个新的公园。 23．现在我时常感到有点儿寂寞。

24．无论怎样，看到镇上这些惊人的变化是好的。 25.米莉，告诉我更多关于你采访陈先生的情况。

◆1. He got married in 1965. 2.Yes, it has. 3. Yes, it is. 4.He feels a bit lonely from time to time．

教材导读

1.B 2.C 3. hasn't changed 4.A 5.①C ②make; better 6.in many ways 7.①B ②A

③from time to time 8.Anyway; safe