名词短语、形容词短语及副词短语的句法功能
写出下面加黑词在句子中所作的句子成分
1．(教材P14)The first week was a little confusing．名词短语作主语
2．(教材P14)I know that Chinese is a very difficult language．名词短语作表语 3．(教材P14)I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn’t play well enough．名词短语作宾语
4．(教材P16)The building is so big that I’m completely lost．名词短语作主语；形容词短语作表语
5．(教材P18)I understand quite well that you are anxious and feel terrible．副词短语作状语
名词短语(Noun Phrases)
名词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于名词，可作主语、宾语、表语或宾语补足语。常见名词短语的构成形式有：
限定词＋名词 如The girl
限定词＋形容词(短语)＋名词 如A beautiful girl
限定词＋名词＋介词短语 如A beautiful campus of my school 限定词＋描述性名词＋名词 如My school life
◆The young lady over there is my English teacher． 那边的那位年轻女士是我的英语老师。
(名词短语The young lady的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作主语)
◆As a student, you must finish your homework on time． 作为一名学生，你必须按时完成作业。
(名词短语your homework 的构成形式为：限定词＋名词，该短语在句中作宾语) ◆I have three close friends． 我有三个要好的朋友。
(名词短语three close friends的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作宾语)
◆He is my best friend． 他是我最好的朋友。
(名词短语my best friend的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作表语)
◆There are some red roses on that small table． 在那张小餐桌上有一些红玫瑰。
(名词短语some red roses的构成形式为：限定词＋形容词＋名词，该短语在句中作主语； that small table也是名词短语，在句中作介词on的宾语)
[即时演练1]——写出下列句中的名词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分 如In my opinion, dancing is an exciting art form． 构成形式：限定词＋形容词＋名词＋名词；作表语 ①The red clothes with five yellow stars are mine． 限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作主语 ②They made him chairman of the meeting． 名词＋介词短语；作宾补
③Miss Li, our math teacher, is very young． 限定词＋名词＋名词；作同位语
④The first young man is a bus driver．
The first young man：限定词＋序数词＋形容词＋名词；作主语 a bus driver：限定词＋名词＋名词；作表语
形容词短语(Adjective Phrases)
形容词短语：指以一个形容词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于形容词，可以修饰名词或代词，还可以用作表语或者宾语补足语。常见形容词短语的构成形式有：
副词＋形容词 如very suitable 形容词＋enough 如good enough 形容词＋介词短语 如good for noting
副词＋形容词＋介词短语 如well worthy of praise ◆I’m very glad to see you．
我见到你很高兴。(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作表语) ◆Your room is large and beautiful．
你的房间大且美丽。 (形容词＋and/but＋形容词，该短语在句中作表语)
◆The most beautiful tourist attraction in China is Mount Huang． 中国最美丽的旅游景点是黄山。
(限定词＋副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作定语修饰名词tourist attraction) ◆A good friend is someone who makes you really happy． 好朋友就是能让你真正高兴的人。
(副词＋形容词，该短语在句中作宾语补足语)
◆Cold and hungry, he stopped working and went home． 又冷又饿，他停下工作回家了。
(形容词＋and＋形容词，该短语在句中作状语) ◆The little boy is old enough to go to school．
这个小男孩到了上学的年龄了。(形容词＋enough, 该短语在句中作表语) [即时演练2]——写出下列句中的形容词短语构成形式及在句中所作成分 如It is less cold today than it was yesterday． 副词＋形容词；作表语
①I find English very hard to learn． 副词＋形容词，作宾语补足语
②Our country is becoming more and more beautiful． 副词＋and＋副词＋形容词；作表语 ③The road is long enough． 形容词＋enough；作表语
④The medicine is good for stomach． 形容词＋介词短语；作表语 ⑤He looks very happy． 副词＋形容词；作表语
副词短语(Adverb Phrases)
副词短语：指以一个副词为中心构成的短语，在句中的功能相当于副词，可以修饰动词、形容词或副词。常见副词短语的构成形式为：
(副词＋)副词 如much more beautifully ◆Bill did the work very well． 比尔工作做得很好。
(副词very修饰副词well，副词短语very well修饰动词did) ◆We are all entirely responsible for our actions． 我们都要对自己的行为负全部责任。
(副词短语all entirely修饰形容词短语responsible for) [即时演练3]——画出下列句中的副词短语
①You are driving too fast．Could you drive less slowly． ②Strangely enough, she didn’t seem to like ballet very much． ③The horse ran quite slowly, so they arrived very late． ④Don’t hit it so hard． 答案：
①You are driving too_fast．Could you drive less slowly． ②Strangely_enough,_she didn’t seem to like ballet very_much． ③The horse ran quite_slowly,_so they arrived very_late． ④Don’t hit it so_hard．
Ⅰ 写出下列加黑短语的构成形式及在句中所作成分
1．The tallest boy in our class is Li Lei．限定词＋形容词＋名词；作主语 2．She studies English very hard．副词＋副词；作状语
3．Tom carefully wrote some letters to his friends．形容词＋名词；作宾语 4．I’d like to go to coffee shop this weekend．名词＋名词；作宾语 5．Surprisingly enough, he refused our offer．副词＋副词；作状语 6．He looked very worried．副词＋形容词；作表语
7．Corn is a useful plant that can be eaten by both people and animals．限定词＋形容词＋名词；作表语
8．John, an old friend of mine, comes from America．限定词＋形容词＋名词＋介词短语；作同位语
Ⅱ 用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I suggest that you think about it very carefully(careful)． 2．Mary and Jane are quite different(difference)． 3．He spoke too quickly(quick) for me to understand． 4．It really works very well(good)．
5．They got home at last, tired(tire) and hungry． Ⅲ 语法与写作 1．听起来是个好主意。 It sounds like a_good_idea． 2．她很聪明，我们都喜欢她。
She is so_clever_that we all like her．
3．对我们来说，养成一个好习惯是很重要的。
It is very_important_for_us to form a good habit． 4．我对中国文化很感兴趣。
I am very_interested in Chinese culture． 5．此刻，我已经成为全班的焦点。
At the moment, I have become the_focus_of_the_whole_class． 6．我们将努力使我们的国家更美丽。
We will try to make our country more_beautiful． 7．祝你平安归来。
I wish you a_safe_return． 8．我获得了中文演讲比赛第一名。
I won the_first_prize_ in the Chinese speech contest． 9．让你等了这么久，我非常抱歉。
I am terribly_sorry_ to have you waiting for such a long time． 10．我没有钱给她买这么贵的礼物。
I have no money to buy such_an_expensive_gift for her．
Ⅰ 阅读理解
A
Like any new ninthgrader on the first day of school，Joemar Class had ninthgrader emotion(情绪)．He’s not used to school in Hartford．He’s used to going to school in his hometown of Florida，used to seeing his friends，used to having class in Spanish．
“Nervioso，”he said in Spanish．
We first met Joemar in midOctober in the San Juan Airport．His father，Guillermo Class，had sold his car to buy plane tickets to get his kids and fly them up from Puerto Rico．The island was almost destroyed(毁坏) by the deadly storm—Hurricane Maria．
Now，they are settling into their new home in Hartford’s South End．A week later，and，using his wife’s car，Class drove 16yearold Joemar to his first day at Bulkeley High School．After a short ride，he got out in front of his new school．Inside，he met Gretchen Levitz—the school’s program director．
“I see you have a new uniform(校服)，”Levitz said．“You look great．Are you ready for a good first day？”
Then he met a couple of teachers．
“Hello，” they each said in Spanish．They asked where he’s from，and told him they were happy to see him．Then，Levitz took him on a quick tour of the school before classes began—to her office，the school store，the library，and the dining hall．
A total of 19 languages are spoken in Bulkeley High School．“We have so many new students coming here from other countries every single day，” Levitz said．“So it’s not like he’s the only one who has that feeling．”
“You could tell he’s a little worried，” Guillermo said as we left．“But，at the same time，he’s looking forward to it．”
【解题导语】 本文是一则新闻报道。文章主要报道了一名十六岁的男孩转校第一天上学的经历。
1．What kind of feeling did Joemar have on his first day of school? A．Angry． C．Nervous．
B．Excited． D．Relaxed．
C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的He’s not used to school in Hartford和第二段“Nervioso，” he said in Spanish．以及最后一段中的he’s a little worried可知，到新学校的第一天Joemar感到紧张不安。
2．Why did Joemar leave Florida? A．His old school closed down． B．He wanted to see his mother． C．He expected to have a new life． D．His town was hit by a terrible storm．
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的his hometown of Florida和第三段中的fly them up from Puerto Rico．The island was almost destroyed(毁坏) by the deadly storm可知，Joemar的家乡遭遇了暴风雨的袭击。
3．What did Joemar do before he walked into his new classroom? A．He had a long talk with his father． B．He learned some simple Spanish words． C．He said hello to some of his classmates． D．He had a short look around his new school．
D 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第三段中的Levitz took him on a quick tour of the school before classes began可知，Joemar走进教室之前在Levitz的指引下简单参观了一下学校。
4．What can we learn about Bulkeley High School? A．It has no library．
B．It is an international school． C．It plans to open Spanish classes．
D．It requires all students to wear uniforms．
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的A total of 19 languages are spoken in Bulkeley High School．．．have so many new students coming here from other countries可知，该校是一所国际学校。
B
Kids and science seem to be made for each other! The basic science is a combination of thought and experiment called the scientific method．It’s where you start with an idea, create a way to prove or disprove your idea, and
show what you learned based on facts．Learning to follow this process helps you think logically(逻辑地) and carefully．These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study．To give a child practice with these thinking skills is like giving vitamins(维生素) to a developing mind．
One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning．Learning science is a great way to do so．Children are easy to be interested in science．Because much of science is handson, it attracts most children．Nothing makes a child sit up and take notice like the “WOW！” of a great science showing．
Science opens doors to many subjects at school．Building love for science can be helpful in other areas of study．For example, one cannot love science for very long without becoming good at its language—math! So science encourages children to study math．An interest in science is an interest in how things were once understood compared to how they are understood now．Thus studying science lends itself easily to studying history．And after you do an experiment, you need to write a lab report．Therefore, writing becomes an important part of science．
Science is the basic thing for much of our life．The science of farming shows how our food is produced; biomedical science keeps us healthy; even our beds these days are designed according to scientific facts．We almost eat, sleep and breathe with the help of science! When we prepare the next generation(一代) of voters, creators, and policy makers, it is important to make sure they are not only comfortable but also good at science．
【解题导语】 小孩子应该学习科学，因为学习科学对他们而言有很多好处。
5．According to Paragraph 2, what does learning the scientific method mean to
kids?
A．Refusing any ideas that are not logical． B．Helping them develop thinking skills． C．Learning many areas of study． D．Learning to do experiments．
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的Learning to follow this process helps you think logically(逻辑地) and carefully．These important thinking skills can be used in many areas of study．可知，学习科学可以帮助孩子们培养好的思维方式。
6．Which of the following statements would the author agree with? A．Science is too difficult for children． B．Children usually consider science boring． C．Science could make children love learning．
D．Children who can’t think carefully shouldn’t learn science．
C 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段的One of the greatest things we can teach our children is to love learning．Learning science is a great way to do so．可知，作者认为学习科学可以让孩子们爱上学习。
7．If a child works hard at science at school, he/she ________． A．usually loses interest in other activities B．usually has no time for other subjects C．is usually bad at such subjects like history D．is likely to learn many other subjects well
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的So science encourages children to study math．．．Therefore, writing becomes an important part of science．可知，学好科学的话，学好别的科目的可能性也会增大。
8．What is the text mainly about? A．Why science is important． B．Why kids should learn science． C．What kids should learn at school． D．How kids can make use of science．
B 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了小孩为什么需要学习科学。 Ⅱ 七选五
Nowadays parents and their children are spending less and less time communicating with each other．1．________ It is reported that American parents today spend about 40 per cent less time with their children than parents did a generation ago．To keep
your family time creative and enjoyable, below is a list of helpful family time tips．
•Eat together & listen to each other
Most children today don’t know the meaning of a family dinner time．Yet the communication and unity built during this time is necessary to a healthy family life．Sharing a meal together allows parents and their children the opportunity to talk about each other’s lives．2．________
•Read often
It’s important for parents to read to their children．The latest research shows that reading to your children develops an interest in knowledge and contributes to language development．It also increases their concentration on things and helps them become more curious．3．________ After reading, ask questions about what the books are about．
•Start a hobby or project
Choose a fun activity that your children are interested in．Activities like cooking, fishing or biking can be their great hobbies．4．________ Once a child learns a new skill, let him or her take the lead under your direction．
•Plan a family outing
5．________ Jump into the family car and go for a drive．Prepare a picnic lunch and visit a local park．Take time to play or ride a bike．A slow and relaxing walk in the woods will help parents communicate with their children better．Also, a visit to the zoo or museum will inspire enthusiasm in a child and lead to long discussions．
A．It is very important for children to exercise． B．They can open the door to exciting family time． C．Sometimes getting out of the house is important． D．Look for books that your children would enjoy reading．
E．New technology has made video games more popular with children．
F．This is also a time for parents to listen and give advice to their children． G．As a result, many children are getting less love than their parents once got． 【解题导语】 本文介绍了使父母和子女一起度过的家庭时光更有创造性和更有乐趣的方法。
1．G 解析：根据空前的一句“Nowadays parents and their children are spending less and less time communicating with each other．”可知空格处要填的是由此而产生的后果。故G项符合。
2．F 解析：本段主要介绍的是一起吃饭，彼此倾听。根据空前一句“Sharing a meal
together allows parents and their children the opportunity to talk about each other’s lives．”可知此处是说，一起吃饭彼此倾听的好处，故F项符合。
3．D 解析：本段主要介绍的是经常读书。根据空后“After reading, ask questions about what the books are about．”可知此处是读书前如何做，因此D项符合。
4．B 解析：根据空前的一句“Activities like cooking, fishing or biking can be their great hobbies．”可知空格处要谈论的是这些活动带来的好处，因此B项(这些活动能使家庭时光更有趣)符合。
5．C 解析：本段主要谈论的是计划一次家庭出游活动，再根据空后谈论的活动可知是户外活动，因此C项符合。
Ⅲ 语法填空
Nana Kwabena was in and out of the hospital as 1．____________ child．He was born with sickle cell disease(镰状红细胞贫血症)．It is a blood disorder that can be passed from parents to 2．____________(they) children．Kwabena’s brother died of the disease in 2011．After that, Kwabena started an organization 3．____________(call) All One Blood．The organization works to help young people 4．____________ have sickle cell disease．
Worldwide, there are about 25 million people 5．____________(live) with sickle cell disease．In the United States, it affects(侵袭) about 100，000 people, according 6．____________the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention．7．____________(study) show that one out of every 365 AfricanAmerican children are born with the disease．Many people 8．____________(wrong) believe that the disease affects only a small number of people．
All One Blood supports research to find a cure(治疗方法) for sickle cell disease．There are signs of hope．In 2015, the University of Illinois Hospital, in Chicago, 9．____________(report) that it had cured the disease in 12 people．
“I encourage kids 10．____________(know) that if you have sickle cell disease or anything that makes you who you are，” Kwabena says, “it can become a superpower for you to change the world with”．
1．a 解析：考查不定冠词。as a child意为“小时候”。
2．their 解析：考查代词。设空处作定语，表示“他们的”，故填形容词性物主代词their。
3．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语。设空处所在句意为“Kwabena成立了一个叫All One Blood的组织”，call与organization之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
4．who/that 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，且在从句
中作主语，故填who/that。
5．living 解析：考查动词ing形式作定语。people后跟定语，因为people与live之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，且live表示现在的状态，故填living。
6．to 解析：考查介词。according to意为“根据，依照”。
7．Studies 解析：考查名词复数。study在此表示“研究”，是可数名词，由谓语动词show可知，此处应用名词复数，故填Studies。
8．wrongly 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰believe，表示“错误地”，故填副词wrongly。
9．reported 解析：考查一般过去时。由In 2015可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填reported。
10．to know 解析：考查不定式作宾补。encourage sb．to do sth．意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
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