新标准大学英语book3-unit1教案

Unit 1 Discovering yourself Active reading (1) Catching CRABS Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: Getting tips on how to get to know oneself Learning to use narrative devices Learning to interpret underlying meaning Teaching allotment (1 period = 2 hours) 1st period: Pre-reading; While-reading (text structure; cultural notes; language points) 2nd period: While-reading (language points; grammatical structures) 3rd period: Check on students’ home reading (Passage 2); Background Information Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) was regarded as a major “innovator in the art of the short story”; his children’s books are enduring classics of children’s literature. He was the first English language writer to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature. The author Henry James said of him: “Kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius (as distinct from fine intelligence) that I have ever known.” Warming- up Questions 1. What is your earliest memory? 2. When was your happiest moment? 3. What famous person do you most admire? 4. What makes you depressed? 5. How do you sum up yourself? Teaching procedures Scanning Part A. Read paras 1-18 and answer the questions. 1. How was the last year at college be different from earlier years? Students become more serious. They started to focus on study. 2. What did students think more about, their exams or their future? Their future. 3. Which students had already planned their future? The quieter ones who didn’t have the best grades. 4. How sure was he about what he wanted to do? 1

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Yes. He wanted to travel and be a writer. 5. Who was also concerned about his future? his family members. 6. Who did he turn to for advice? His father. 7. What did he thought they would say? He thought they would criticize him, because his father wanted him to be a lawyer. Part B. Read paras 18-35 and complete the table. Situation Father and son went to the sea to catch crabs. Problem One crab was trying to climb out, but pulled back by others. Solution Defying his fellow captives. Evaluation Without luck. Outcome He gave up his struggle to escape and began to stop others trying to escape. Significance Father wanted to tell the son not to be pulled back by others and get to know himself better. Language points Part A. Key words and expressions: ☆impromptu a. & ad. done without being planned, prepared, or organized 即兴的（地）；无准备的（地） e.g. 1. An impromptu visit broke up the long afternoon. 突然的造访打破了漫长的午后时光。 2. I quite by chance got drawn into a kind of impromptu party downstairs. 我碰巧被拉去参加楼下那种临时组织起来的舞会。 3. A facile speaker can face any audience impromptu. 出口成章的演说家能随时面对任何观众。 ☆boating n. [U] the activity of travelling in a small boat on a lake or river for enjoyment （以娱乐为目的的）划船 e.g. 1. We are going boating on the lake today. 我们今天打算去湖上泛舟。 2. Life is like a boat. Everybody must learn to be skilled in boating. 人生犹如一艘船，人人都应该有掌舵的本领。 ☆attendance n. 2

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1) [U] the fact of being present at an event or of going regularly to school, church etc. 出席；参加 2) [C, U] the number of people who are present at an event or in a place such as a school or church 出席人数 Translate the following into Chinese: 1. Her attendance at church was very patchy. 她去教堂的时间很不规则。 2. Despite falling attendances, the zoo will stay open. 尽管来参观的人不断减少，动物园将继续开放。 ☆steeply ad. in a steep manner（上升或下降）急剧地，大起大落地 Word family: steep a. a steep increase or fall in sth. is sudden and very big 急剧升降的 e.g. 1. The plane climbed steeply. 飞机陡直地爬升。 2. Export orders continued to fall steeply. 出口订单继续大幅下跌。 3. The price of vegetables has risen steeply. 蔬菜的价格猛涨。 ☆humiliation n. 1) [U] the unhappy and ashamed feeling that you get when sth. embarrassing happens 耻辱；丢脸 e.g. I felt humiliation at her remarks. 听到她的话我感到很耻辱。 2) [C] sth. that makes you feel very embarrassed and ashamed 耻辱之事；丢脸的事 e.g. Never forget our national humiliation. 勿忘国耻。 Word family: humiliate v. ☆diligence n. [U] (fml) the attitude or behaviour of someone who works very hard and very carefully 勤奋；用功 e.g. Diligence leads to success while laziness results in failure. 勤奋会带来成功，而懒惰将导致失败。 Word family: diligent a. e.g. In learning, the work of a diligent fool doubles that of a lazy wit. 在学习上，一个以勤补拙的人的实效会成倍于一个懒惰的聪明人。 ☆flyer n. [C] 1) (infml) a person, animal, or vehicle that can go very fast 有雄心壮志的人；杰出的人 e.g. He is acknowledged as a high flyer with high marks. 他是大家公认的心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生。 2) a bird, insect, or animal that flies in a particular way 飞鸟；飞行物 e.g. This is the bluethroat, a beautiful bird and magnificent flyer. 3

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照片上这种是蓝喉，华美的一种飞鸟。 3) an announcement or advertisement that is printed on a sheet of paper and given to people 传单，小广告 e.g. People were giving out flyers advertising the event. 人们在分发传单宣传这个项目。 4) an aircraft pilot 飞行员 e.g. Even during his first ride on a broomstick, Harry was recognized as an outstanding flyer. 哈利第一次骑上飞天扫帚就被认定是一位杰出的飞行员了。 ☆impressive a. if sth. is impressive, you admire it, for example because it is very good, large, or shows great skill 令人钦佩的；令人印象深刻的 e.g. 1. It was an impressive list of achievements. 那是份给人印象深刻的成绩单。 2. His collection of paintings is the most impressive. 他的绘画收藏令人叹为观止。 Word family: impress v. impression n. ☆script n. [C] the written words of a play, film, television programme, speech etc. 剧本；电影剧本（尤指手稿） e.g. They wrote some excellent comedy scripts. 他们写了一些精彩的喜剧脚本。 Cf. alphabet: 不表示单个字母,指一种语言的整个字母表。 letter: 指单个的字母。 character: 通常指汉语的方块字，也指字符。 script: 指书写或印刷的字母。 ☆provisional a. intended to be temporary, and likely to be changed when other arrangements are made 临时的；暂时性的；暂定的 e.g. 1. They write to give their provisional acceptance of the contract. 他们写信临时接受此项合同。 2. Clive and I shook hands on a provisional agreement ten minutes ago. 10分钟前，克莱夫和我达成了一项临时协议。 ☆acceptance n. [U] 1) agreement to a plan, offer, or suggestion 赞同；同意 e.g. The new laws gained widespread acceptance. 新法令受到广泛赞同。 2) (~ of) general agreement that sth. is true, reasonable, or cannot be changed 接受；认可 e.g. Alternative medicines are now winning greater acceptance among doctors. 4

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另类疗法现在越来越为医生所接受。 Word family: accept v. ☆ambitious a. 1) determined to be successful, rich, famous etc. 有野心 的；有强烈欲望的；有抱负的 e.g. To some degree, only those people who are ambitious can have their own careers. 从某种程度上说，只有有雄心的人才能干出一番事业。 2) an ambitious plan, aim, or attempt is difficult and will need a lot of effort to succeed （计划、目标或企图）要求高的，需付出极大努力的 e.g. That is a very ambitious plan, and I hope it succeeds. 那是一项很宏伟的计划，我希望它会成功。 ☆congress n. 1) (Congress) the group of people chosen or elected to make laws in the US 美国国会 e.g. Congress consists of two parts, the House of Representatives and the Senate. 美国国会由两部分组成：众议院和参议院。 2) [C] a large meeting of members of a political group （政党的）大会 e.g. This matter will be discussed in congress tomorrow. 这个问题将在明天的代表大会上讨论。 ☆mortgage n. [C] a legal agreement in which you borrow money from a bank or financial organization in order to buy a house 抵押；抵押借款；按揭 ➢ You pay back your mortgage by making monthly payments, plus interest. Thus, getting a mortgage for many young people means getting a flat or house of their own. e.g. 1. a mortgage slave 2. Do you have a mortgage on your house? 你的房子在抵押贷款吗？ 3. On my present salary I can’t get a mortgage. 靠我现在的工资没办法办到按揭贷款。 ●apply for a mortgage 申请贷款 ●get/obtain a mortgage 获得贷款 ●issue a mortgage 发放抵押贷款 ●pay back a mortgage 归还抵押借款 ●a mortgage on land 土地抵押 ☆promotion n. [C, U] 1) a move to a higher level in a company, institution, or sport 提升，晋升 2) the activity of encouraging or supporting something 鼓励，提倡 5

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Translate the following into Chinese. 1. He has filled all requirements for promotion. 他已具备晋升的一切条件。 2.The government adopts a policy of employment promotion and has effectively solved the problem. 实施了就业促进，较为有效地解决了就业问题。 Word family: promote v. ☆inevitably ad. used for saying that sth. is certain to happen 必然地，不可避免地 e.g. Historical experience has proven that the exercise of power without restraint and supervision inevitably leads to corruption. 历史证明无地、缺乏监督地行使权力不可避免地会导致。 Word family: inevitable a. Antonym: evitable ☆criticize 1) v. (~ sb. / sth. for sth. / doing sth.) say what you think is wrong or bad about sth. 批评，批判，指责 e.g. 1. He is the manager's son but that does not qualify him to criticize my work. 他是经理的儿子，但并不表示他有资格批评我的工作。 2. You should not criticize him so harshly in his face. 你不应该当面这么严厉地批评他。 3. She criticized the system for being secretive. 她对这个的不公开性提出了批评。 2) vt. consider sth. carefully and judge what the good and bad aspects of it are 评价，评论 e.g. 1. These artists often meet to discuss things and criticize each other's work. 这些艺术家常常聚在一起讨论问题并评论彼此的作品。 2. A literary text may be criticized on two grounds: the semantic and the expressive. 文学作品可以从两方面评价：语义方面和表现力方面。 Word family: criticism n. critical a. critic n. ☆brace v. 1) (~ oneself for sth.; ~ oneself to do sth.) get ready for sth. unpleasant （使）作好准备 e.g. We must brace ourselves for a challenging new year. 我们必须打起精神应付充满挑战的新年。 2) (~ oneself / sth. against sth. ) push your body, or a part of it, against something solid and strong in order to support yourself or to avoid falling （身体或身体部位）支住，撑牢 e.g. She braced herself against the wall. 她靠墙支撑着身体。 6

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☆resistance n. [sing, U] 1) (meet with / face / encounter ~) refusal to accept sth. new such as a plan, idea, or change（对新计划、新观念等的）抵制，反对 e.g. 1. This proposal is meeting with some resistance at the UN’s headquarters. 这个提议遭到了联合国总部的反对。 2. She put up no resistance to being led away. 被带走时她没有反抗。 3. There was fierce resistance to the new laws. 新法律遭到了强烈抵制。 2) (~ to) the ability not to be affected or harmed by something, especially a disease or a drug（尤指对疾病或药物的）抵抗力 e.g. 1. Lack of white blood cells lowers resistance to infection and becomes the major cause of death. 由于欠缺白血球，降低了对疾病的抵抗力，这也是导致死亡的主因。 2. Some of us have a lower resistance to cold than others. 我们有些人对感冒的抵抗力不如别人。 Word family: resist v. ☆moor v. stop a ship or boat from moving by fastening it to a place with ropes or by using an anchor （使）停泊 e.g. 1. Boats were moored on both sides of the river. 河两岸都停着船只。 2. The sailing club required most of the site to moor their boats. 航行俱乐部需要大部分空间用于泊船。 ☆estuary n. [C] the part of a large river where it becomes wide and flows into the sea 河口；江口 e.g. We live near the Thames estuary. 我们的住处靠近泰晤士河入海口。 ☆coastline n. [C] the land along a coast, especially when seen from the sea or the air （尤指从海上或空中看到的）海岸线 e.g. The road extends several miles along the coastline, then clings to the inland. 这条路沿海岸线延伸了几英里，然后转向内陆。 ☆surf 1) n. [U] the waves of the sea as they move onto a beach, falling to produce foam 拍岸浪花 2) vi. (go ~ing) ride on waves in the sea on a surf board 冲浪 3) v. look at various places one after another on the Internet or on television（在因特网上或电视上）冲浪 7

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☆rusty a. a rusty metal object is covered in rust（生）锈的 e.g. The spoon has been rusty from disuse. 汤匙因弃置不用而生锈了。 Word family: rust n. & v. e.g. 1. The great advantage of this metal is that it doesn't rust. 这种金属最大的优点是不生锈。 2. How can I remove the rust from the iron door? 我怎样才能把铁门上的锈除掉呢？ ☆mesh n. [C, U] a piece of material like a net, made from a lot of closely connected wires, strings etc.（用铁丝、绳等制成的）网状物，网 e.g. 1. The fish were caught in the meshes of the net. 鱼被网线钩住了。 2. We put some wire mesh over the chimney so that the birds wouldn't fall in. 我们在烟囱上盖了一些细密的金属丝网,这样鸟儿就不会跌落进去了。 Part B. Useful expressions: 1. 课堂出勤率 attendance at classes 2. 同学们之间的竞争压力 peer group pressure 3. 谁都不想···那也太丢人了 No one wanted the humiliation of 4. 熬夜熬出了眼袋 wear the bags under one’s eyes 5. 脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪 pale, sleepy faces 6. 在某人的心里 at the back of one’s mind 7. 心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生 the high flyers with the top grades 8. 为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划 have the next stages of one’s life mapped out 9. 追随···的人生足迹 follow sb’s path through life 10.做好了遭到反对的心理准备 brace oneself for some resistance to 11.加入一个暂时报酬高的行业 go into a career which pays well just at the moment 12.沿海水域没什么风浪 no surf on the coastal waters 13.挤满了 brim with 14.被···拽下来 be pulled back 15.放弃了漫长的逃亡之战 give up one’s lengthy struggle to escape Difficult sentences 1. … and we all started to get our heads down… (Para 1) ●What does get our heads down mean? To concentrate and focus on studying. 8

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●How do you know that they worked hard on their study? They studied late and attendance at classes rose steeply. ●我们开始埋头学习。 2. No one wanted the humiliation of finishing last in class, so the peer group pressure… like medals proving their diligence. (Para 1) ●What does “peer group” mean? Those around us who are of the same age or status. ●Why were libraries standing room before early morning? The library was crowded with students, so there were no more seats available. ●When do we wear bags under our eyes? Do you feel proud to have such bags? When we have not had enough sleep, we will get loose dark areas of skin. We will feel proud because such tired appearance shows how hard we have been studying, and the bags under our eyes are like medals. ●我们谁都不想考全班倒数第一，那也太丢人了，因此同学们之间的竞争压力特别大。以前每天下午五点以后，图书馆就空无一人了，现在却要等到天快亮时才会有空座，小伙子们熬夜熬出了眼袋，他们脸色苍白，睡眼惺忪，却很自豪，好像这些都是表彰他们勤奋好学的奖章。 3. It wasn’t always the high flyers with… less impressive students who had the next stages of their life mapped out. (Para 2) ●What kind of people will be called high flyers? Those who have achieved a lot and have the ability and determination to continue to be successful in their studies or job. ●What do the quieter, less impressive students refer to? Those who do not have the best grades. ●并不总是那些心怀抱负、成绩拔尖的高材生才清楚自己将来要做什么，常常是那些平日里默默无闻的同学早早为自己下几个阶段的人生做好了规划。 4. One had landed a job in his brother’s advertising firm—in Hollywood. (Para 2) ●If you land a job, will you feel happy? Yes, because I get a job that I want. 9

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●If you have got sth. under a provisional acceptance, will you put your mind at rest? No. Provisional acceptance refers to an acceptance which is arranged (in principle), but is not yet definite. It is temporary and could be changed. ●有位同学在位于麦迪逊大道他哥哥的广告公司得到了一份工作，另一位同学写的电影脚本已经与好莱坞草签了合约。 5. The most ambitious student among us was going to—ending up in the Senate or in Congress one day. (Para 2) ●What activities does a party activist attend? Activities that are intended to achieve political change. ●What’s the final aim of a party activist in his career? He hopes to be a member of the Senate or Congress, as a result of making career progress. ●我们当中野心最大的一位同学准备到地方上当一个政党活动家，我们都预料他最终会当上参议员或国会议员。 Active reading (2) We are all dying Teaching Objectives Students will be able to: Understanding the importance of acting now Learning to understand writer’s style Learning to convey messages through repetition 10 《新标准大学英语》教案 Book Three

Culture points Grand Canyon 大峡谷（指科罗拉多河的大峡谷，位于美国亚利桑那州西北部） The Grand Canyon is a steep-sided canyon carved by the Colorado River in the United States in the state of Arizona. It is largely contained within the Grand Canyon National Park, one of the first national parks in the United States. West End 西伦敦（英国伦敦的西部地区，是王宫、议会、各部门所在地，多大商店、剧院和高级住宅） The West End of London is an area of central London, containing many of the city's major tourist attractions, businesses, headquarters and the commercial West End theatres. Florida 佛罗里达州（美国州名） Florida is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Most of the state is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico on its west and the Atlantic Ocean on its east. Florida is the fourth most populous state in the country. Branson 布兰森（ 1950– ，英国 Virgin 品牌的创始人） Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson (born 18 July 1950) is a British baron, best known for his Virgin Group of over 400 companies. His first successful business venture was a magazine called Student at age 16. In 1972, he opened a chain of record stores, Virgin Records, later known as Virgin Megastores. Branson's Virgin brand grew rapidly during the 1980s—as he set up Virgin Atlantic Airways and expanded the Virgin Records music label. Richard Branson is the 5th richest person in the United Kingdom and 2th in the world according to Forbes' 2011 list of billionaires, with an estimated net worth of approximately £2.58 billion (US$4.2 billion) Language points Key words and expressions: ☆bearer n. [C] someone who brings you a particular type of news or information 带信者；捎信人 e.g. I'm sorry to be the bearer of bad news. 很遗憾我是带来坏消息的人。 Word family: ☆bear v. (bore/borne) carry someone or something, especially something important 运送；携带 e.g. 1. The wedding guests arrived, bearing gifts. 11

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婚礼的宾客们带着礼物抵达了。 2. The US Constitution states that the people have a right to bear arms. 美国声明人们有权携带武器。 ☆triple a. involving three things of the same kind 三倍的；三重的 e.g. 1. He is a triple murderer. 2. The plan has a triple purpose. Word formation: tri-: (prefix) three e.g. 1. trilingual: speaking three languages 2. triangle: a shape with three sides ☆substantiate vt. provide evidence that proves sth. 用证据证明；证实 e.g. 1. The eyewitness can substantiate all the testimony. 目击证人能够证实所有的证词。 2. Katzen offered little evidence to substantiate his claims. 卡曾没有提供证据来证明自己的主张。 ☆coffin n. [C] a long box in which a dead person is buried 棺材；灵柩 e.g. He must be somebody, for a flag was draped over the coffin. ☆dweller n. [C] someone who lives in a particular type of place 居住者；居民 e.g. 1. A town-dweller was visiting the country and was praising the cleanliness of the air. 一个城里人到乡下去游玩，他特别赞赏那里洁净的空气。 2. The country dweller never experiences anxieties of this sort. 农村居民从未经历过这种担忧。 Word family: dwell v. ☆trample v. put your feet down on someone or something in a heavy way that causes injury or damage 踩；践踏 e.g. 12

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1. In some countries the peasants still trample out the grapes juice for the wine. 在有些国家，农民仍用踩榨的方法取出葡萄汁来做酒。 2. Someone will try to pay you out if you trample too much on the feelings of other. 如果你再去践踏别人的感情，有人会报复你。 ☆cemetery n. [C] an area of ground where dead people are buried 墓地；公墓 e.g. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery. 他被葬在美国阿林顿国家公墓。 ☆hooded a. with a hood 有罩的；带风帽（或兜帽）的 e.g. a hooded sweatshirt ☆scythe n. [C] an edge tool for cutting grass; has a long handle that must be held with both hands and a curved blade that moves parallel to the ground 长柄大镰刀 e.g. He's cutting grass with a scythe. 他正在用一把大镰刀割草。 ☆sideline n. [C] 1) either of the lines on the sides of a sports field that show where the edges of the field are （球场的）界外区域，场外区域 2) a job that you do in addition to your main job, in order to earn extra money 兼职；副业 What does the word sideline mean in the following sentences? 1. Joe is an engineer, but he does some translation as a sideline. 2. The ball went beyond the sideline. 3. I was on the sidelines during the political crisis. ☆uncertainty n. 1) [U] (~ about/ over/ as to) the fact that sth. is not known or has not been decided 难以预料；无常；不确定 e.g. There is still uncertainty as to how the court should deal with your application. 我们亦不确定法庭应当如何处理你的申请。 13

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2) [C] sth. that you cannot be certain about or cannot depend on 无把握的事物；靠不住的事物 e.g. In the midst of many uncertainties, the conference drew to an uneasy close. 许多问题悬而未决，这次会谈并未取得满意结果而告终。 Antonym: certainty Word family: certain a. ☆frailty n. 1) [U] the condition of being physically weak and not in good health 虚弱；衰弱 e.g. Despite increasing physical frailty, he continued to write stories. 尽管身体越来越虚弱，他仍然继续写小说。 2) [C, U] the condition of having a weak character or weak moral standards 性格懦弱；意识薄弱 e.g. One of the frailties of human nature is laziness. 人性的弱点之一是懒惰。 Word family: frail a. ☆untimely a. 1) uncommonly early or before the expected time （发生）过早的；太年轻的 e.g. Her untimely death at 25 made her parents heartbroken. 她25岁时英年早逝使她的父母伤心欲绝。 2) happening at a time that is not suitable 不合时宜的；不适时的 e.g. His untimely intervention annoyed me. 他那不合时宜的干涉让我生气。 Antonym: timely ☆budding a. (only before noun) 1) at the very beginning of a career in writing, acting, politics etc. and likely to be successful at it 初露头角的 2) just beginning or developing 正发芽的；发展中的 Translate following sentences: 1. They were aware of a budding crisis. 14

14 《新标准大学英语》教案 Book Three

他们意识到萌发中的危机。 2. A budding romance is the sweetest . 刚刚萌芽的爱情最甜蜜。 3. She is a a budding journalist。 她是一个初出茅庐的记者。 ☆crypt n. [C] an underground room where the bodies of dead people are buried, usually under a church 地窖，地下室； （从前用作墓穴的）教堂地下室 e.g. She hid herself in a church crypt. 她躲在教堂的地下室。 ☆prologue n. [C] 1) a piece of writing at the start of a book that introduces the story; the beginning of a play, film, or television programme that introduces the story 书的前言； （戏剧或电影等的）开场白 e.g. He began his prologue by saying \"good evening\". 他以“晚上好”开始了他的开场白。 2) an event that leads to another event 序幕；开端 e.g. The murder was the prologue to World War I. 这场谋杀是第一次世界大战的序幕。 ☆epilogue n. [C] an extra part added at the end of a novel, long poem, or other piece of writing（小说、长诗或其他作品的）后记，尾声 e.g. 1. The play ended with a humorous epilogue. 这出戏以幽默的收场白结束。 2. In the epilogue, the Silk Road resounds with the song of friendship. 在尾声部分，丝绸之路上回荡着友谊之歌。 ☆pronto ad. (infml) now, or very quickly 现在；即刻地；迅速地 15

15 《新标准大学英语》教案 Book Three

e.g. 1. You'd better get your homework done pronto! 你最好现在马上做你的功课。 2. I want this rubbish cleared away pronto! 把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！ ☆ingeniously ad. in an ingenious manner （机器等）制作精巧地； （方法等）巧妙地 e.g. The ingeniously engineered Trojan horse was also his idea. 那个设计得十分精巧的特洛伊木马同样也是他的主意。 ☆be down to sb.： (BrE) if something is down to someone, they are responsible for dealing with it or for making decisions about it 由某人负责处理；取决于某人 ☆the meat of: interesting or important parts of something such as a book, film, or newspaper article（书籍、电影或报纸文章等的）有趣的内容，重要部分 ☆on the back burner: in a low priority or delayed manner 置于次要地位 ☆be in a position to do: be able to do sth. because you have the ability, money or power to do it（由于客观或主观条件） 可（能）做某事 ☆be in no position to do: be unable to do something because you do not have the ability, money or power to do it. （由于客观或主观条件）不可（能）做某事 ☆tick away: if time ticks away or ticks by, it passes （时光）流逝，逝去； （时间）滴滴答答地过去 ☆make the best of sth: use something in the most effective way 充分利用（时间、机会等） ；尽情享用 ☆stand sb. up：not come to meet someone who you have arranged to meet, especially someone who you are having or starting a sexual or romantic relationship with 与（尤指异性）失约；未如约与……会面 ☆meet sb. halfway：agree to do sth. that someone wants, if they do sth. that you want 16

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