高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

Today, in most of the theatres in Britain, the stages are situated behind a sort of arch (拱门), called the proscenium (幕布前的舞台部分)arch. The arch runs across the building with the stage on one side of it and the auditorium, housing the audience, on the other. The audience is kept to the area from which it can get a clear view of the stage. This type of theatre has been is use for three hundred years. ________ The actor can ignore them until the end, when they applaud the performance. If an actor wants to speak to the audience he tends to step out of the picture, as it were—down to the edge of the stage.

________ Stage furniture or properties—\"props\– are now as few as possible. Elaborate scenery is used only when it is going to last throughout the play, or when it is so constructed that it can be changed quickly. Modern theatres are built with the stage extending far in front of the proscenium arch, if indeed they have a proscenium arch at all, electricity, already long in use, has recently had a revolutionary effect. A change of lighting is as good as a change of scenery, and simpler and quicker; it can light one part of the stage in place of another. Footlights have been found unnecessary. Curtains also are hardly necessary, since the stage can be darkened to signify the end of a scene.

The modern idea of having the stage in front of the proscenium arch is not really modern, of course. It makes our stages much like Shakespeare's. ________ The famous speeches of Hamlet, for instance, can be delivered more quietly and naturally than they were in the las century. The actors no longer have to worry much about not being heard, or about turning their backs to the auditorium. They can get closer to the audience, while a larger audience can see them at work. Moreover, nowadays, people are finding that modern theatres are built to sit in comfortably for two or three hours at a stretch. ________ The result of these improvements is that, in spite of the high price of seats, perhaps more people than ever before are keen on theatre-going. A. Over the last few decades, since the Second World War, theatrical customs have altered. B. It makes people feel, as they watch a play or a show, that they are seeing a living and moving picture.

C. All these innovations have quickened up the pace of the drama. D. This is an advantage both for actors and audience.

E. Today the theatres are much more comfortable because of the many improvements. F. Often they can meet and eat in the restaurants attached to the theatres. 【答案】 B；D；A；E

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了英国戏剧的发展以及剧院的布局特点。

（1）根据本空前的“The arch runs across the building with the stage on one side of it and the auditorium, housing the audience, on the other. The audience is kept to the area from which it can get a clear view of the stage”可知，拱门穿过整个建筑，一边是舞台，另一边是容纳观众的礼堂，观众被限制在能清楚地看到舞台的地方，此处是说这样布局的原因，B项（它让

人们觉得，当他们看一出戏剧或表演时，他们看到的是一幅活生生的动态画面）符合语境，故答案为B。

（2）此处为本段主题句，根据本段内容可知，本段从演员和观众两个角度说明了这样布局的好处，D项（这对演员和观众来说都是一个好处）符合语境。故答案为D。

（3）根据本空后的“The famous speeches of Hamlet, for instance, can be delivered more quietly and naturally than they were in the last century.”可知，例如，哈姆雷特的著名演讲可以比上个世纪更安静、更自然地进行，这说明戏剧习俗发生了变化，A项（在过去的几十年里，自第二次世界大战以来，戏剧习俗已经发生了变化）符合语境。故答案为A。 （4）根据本空后的“The result of these improvements is that, in spite of the high price of seats, perhaps more people than ever before are keen on theatre-going.”可知，这些改进的结果是，尽管票价很高，但可能比以往任何时候都有更多的人热衷于看戏，E项（由于许多改进，现在的剧院舒服多了）符合语境。故答案为E。

【点评】考查任务型阅读。通读全文，掌握主旨；分析设题位置，结合上下文语境，再回填核对答案。

2．阅读下面材料，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

The autumn wind woke me up from my dream. I took a deep breath and looked around. Suddenly I saw two people approaching me. As there was no one else in the park, they caught my attention immediately.

The two people were getting closer and I heard them laughing. At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts. But all of a sudden, I noticed the age of them — they were old. I could not clearly identify their age, but the woman looked as old as my grandmother. She had grey hair, blue eyes, and a smile on her face. And all the time she was looking at HIM...

\"Jim, I think we should change the park. It's the same every Saturday. You know...\" \"Sus! Hug me.\"— that was all he said. He looked at her, smiled and gave her a hug.

At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her! I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other. And the one that outlives will think the life they spent together was the most beautiful period of their life. They left, and I was sitting on my bench, shocked, and I had a special feeling in my heart. This feeling was hope! The old couple with all the complaints and tons of mistakes behind their backs made me realize that it was happiness that mattered in life. Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had dedicated your life to. I made a wish — waking up one day, being old and feeling proud of being together with the person I loved to overcome all the obstacles ( 障碍) and fight for happiness.

（1）Why did the author become angry at the old couple's laugh? (no more than 15 words) （2）Why did the old couple look at each other all the time? (no more than 10 words) （3）What was the author doing at that moment in Paragraph 4? (no more than 20 words)

（4）What does the underlined word \"dedicated\" mean in the last paragraph? (1 word) （5）How do you like the old couple? What can you learn from the passage? Please express it in your own words. (no more than 20 words)

【答案】 （1）Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts. （2）Because they loved each other deeply.

（3）The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much/The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）Devoted/ Give entirely.

（5）I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者通过记叙公园的一对彼此深爱的老夫妻而引发了自己对于追求幸福，克服所有障碍和自己爱的人在一起的感悟。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“At first, this laugh made me annoyed as if they had broken my unity with this park and disturbed my thoughts.”可知作者对那对老夫妇的笑声感到生气，因为它们破坏了作者与这个公园的统一，扰乱了他的思绪。故填Because it had broken his unity with the park and disturbed his thoughts.。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“At this very moment, I saw an old but strong man who knew his wife, and no matter how often she could be complaining, he loved her!”可知这对老夫妇总是互相看着对方是因为他们很爱彼此。故填Because they loved each other deeply.。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“I imagined the many things they might go through together — so many hardships that might make them cry, all the problems that they might be experiencing right now and the probability that one of them would outlive the other.”可知作者想象着他们可能一起经历的许多事情——那么多的困难可能会让他们哭泣，他们现在可能正在经历的所有问题，以及他们其中一个活得比另一个更长的可能性。即作者是在思考是什么使这对老夫妇如此相爱。故填The author was wondering what made the old couple love each other so much.或The author was imagining what the old couple might have gone through in life and made them love each other deeply.

（4）考查词义猜测。根据上文“Eventually, all people would get old and die, and what made a difference was the person you had”可知最终，所有的人都会变老并死去，而真正起作用的是和你相伴一生的人，你为之奉献一生的人。故可推测划线部分单词意思为\"奉献\"。故填Devoted/ Give entirely.。

（5）本题为开放性题目，言之有理即可。故填I think they are admirable/ encouraging/ a good example for us!（我认为他们是值得钦佩的/鼓舞的/为我们树立了一个好榜样!）或We should cherish people who love us and fight for happiness with them together.（我们应该珍惜爱我们的人，和他们一起为幸福而奋斗。）

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和开放性题目题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的词汇知识和词汇知识，写出正确的答案。

3．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Daily overuse of media and technology has a bad effect on the health of all children and teenagers by making them more open to anxiety, and more at risk of future health problems.________ Many newer apps automatically show where the users are when they're used. This can tell anyone out there exactly where to find the person using the app.

________They are also upset about their kids spending time on Facebook accounts instead of getting down to their homework assignments, and are afraid of what can come out of their online connections.

________ One way is to make a “social media agreement” with your kids—a real contract they can sign. In it, they can agree to protect their own privacy, consider their reputation, and not give out personal information.________

In turn, parents agree to respect teens' privacy while making an effort to be part of the social media world. Parents also can help kids spend less time on the computer by putting limits on media use.________Avoid laptops and smartphones in bedrooms, and set some rules on the use of technology. And don't forget that setting a good example through your own virtual behavior can go a long way toward helping your kids use social media safely. A. Trust their children more.

B. Keep computers in public areas in the house.

C. It's important to be aware of what your kids are doing online. D. Besides, they promise never to use technology to hurt anyone else. E. Spending too much time on social media can make kids feel upset, too. F. Kids also can face the possibility of meeting the wrong person lace to face. G. Parents often say that kids would rather be online than hang around with them. 【答案】 F；G；C；D；B

【解析】【分析】文章介绍了每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，父母的担心和解决办法。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上句讲每天过度使用媒体和技术会对所有儿童和青少年的健康造成不良影响，使他们更容易焦虑，更容易出现健康问题。F项：孩子们也会面临着遇到错误的人的可能性，与上文并列，也是对青少年的另一方面的危害，故答案选F。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母们担心孩子在网络上花时间太多而不认真写作业，G项：家长们常说孩子们宁愿上网而不愿和他们在一起，符合本段内容，都是说明家长对这种现象的看法，故答案选G。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上文讲这种现象和家长们的担心，本段讲解决问题的办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，C项：知道你的孩子在网上做什么很重要，承上启下，指出了问题的严重性和解决办法，故答案选C。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。与本段One way呼应，办法之一就是与你的孩子签订一份“社交媒体协议”，此外就是他们承诺永远不会用技术伤害别人。D项表达了此意，故答案选D。

（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段讲父母帮助孩子减少上网时间的具体措施，B项：把电脑放在家里的公共区域，是措施之一，故答案选B。 【点评】七选五阅读设空在句首时，存在以下两种情况：

1. 属于段落间的过渡句。这时要前瞻后望找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。

2. 与后文是并列、转折、因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间会有 某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。

4．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it? ________. I'm here to try and convince you that porridge can be a delicious, convenient and very healthy way to start the day.

Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast, usually a type of grain with either milk or water. It is thicker than liquid, but not solid. ________, so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.

Porridge preparation, such as the amount of materials and cooking time depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. ________, I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.

Once it's cooked, the fun part is adding the flavors (味道). Porridge alone doesn't have a very strong flavour. ________, I think this is what makes porridge exciting! It is like a blank piece of paper-you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base. Seeds, nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day. But if you don't like these, or you're allergic, then sugar and chocolate are also very tasty options.

________. Either oats or corn or both are \"staple foods\" for most people on the earth. You can usually buy big bags of either, then add local materials to make your porridge interesting-whatever is cheap and convenient to find, wherever you are. Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now! A．If you've never eaten it B．If I'm cooking for myself

C．The porridge base is very easy to digest D．It doesn't have a very tasty reputation, either E．It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition F．You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world G．Although some people think this makes porridge boring 【答案】 D；C；B；G；F

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。

（1）根据前文“Porridge doesn't have a very tasty name, does it?”可知，粥听起来并不美味，因此本空承接上文论述，故答案选D。

（2）根据后文“so it's a very good option for people who are ill, and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.”可推测粥很好消化，所以对于生病的人来说是一个很好的选择，它能为人体提供持久的能量，故答案选C。

（3）根据下文“I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot, add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk, and let the mixture boil. It takes about five minutes to cook.”可知是作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故对应下文应选B“如果我煮粥的话”，我会把一大把燕麦放进锅里，加一点点水，约200克牛奶，然后煮开这种混合物。故答案选B。

（4）根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting!”（我认为这正是粥令人兴奋的地方）可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，故可对应到G选项：虽然有些人认为这使粥无聊。故答案选G。

（5）根据本段最后一句“wherever you are”可知，你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥。故答案选F。

【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。 3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

5．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How much do you know about colors? The colors that you select create a distinct atmosphere in the room. ________

Pick the color for your room and you can create whatever you feel like. The color will also help you to enlarge the space or making it more inviting, which will also make differently all about it. However, the trick is to select the right version of that particular color. There are different hues (色调) for blues, for instance. ________ Here we have presented a guide that will let you gain a deep insight about the colors. Blue

________ For kitchen, bathrooms and bedrooms it is an ideal choice. Of course it is also associated with sadness that means it may not strike note for each and everyone. It is a popular choice among people. Blue comes from the cold side of the color wheel, so it can make the room feel cold, unless and until it is south filling space. If you are attracted to blue color, think of going for purple, or mix red and purple.

Dark blue is best for a living room. Probably it is best reserved for high ceiling space. ________ Green

Like blue, green is also a calm shade. ________ It is the shade that reflects nature and renewal. Green produces a positive energy without the feeling of overstimulation. A. Colors can light up the mood of the room. B. You can use it for a living room or a bedroom.

C. They won't create similar effect and atmosphere generally. D. Traditionally, blue is just related to calmness and comfort. E. It is better that you select colors that are very warm like blue. F. Dark blue will really make you feel the wall appear near to you. G. But before diving into any decision, here's what you need to know. 【答案】 G；C；D；F；B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们为自己的房间所选的颜色会对我们的感受产生一定的影响。

（1）根据上文“The colors that you select create a distinct atmosphere in the room.”可知颜色的选择会在房间里创造了一种独特的氛围。本空指在你做任何决定之前，你需要了解“颜色”的相关知识，故选G。

（2）根据上文“However, the trick is to select the right version of that particular color. There are different hues (色调) for blues, for instance.”可知颜色有不同的版本，因此会产生不同的效果和氛围，故选C。

（3）根据标题可知，本段主要讲述“蓝色”带给人的感受，故根据标题Blue可定位到D选项：传统上，蓝色只与平静和舒适有关。故选D。

（4）根据上文“Dark blue is best for a living room. Probably it is best reserved for high ceiling space.”可知本段主要讲“Dark blue”故可定位到F选项：深蓝色会让你觉得墙离你很近。故选F。

（5）根据后文“Green produces a positive energy without the feeling of overstimulation.”可知绿色产生一种积极的能量，没有过度刺激的感觉。故绿色适合客厅和卧室，故选B。 【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。 3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

6．根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

When big news breaks, it's easy to get caught up in following the story online. The Internet can be a place to find useful information. ________ Helping kids understand the news and how to separate fact from fiction is an important job for parents and educators.

Here's some advice that parents can offer kids to help them be quicker to judge as they consume news online.

________ In the rush to cover stories, reporters make mistakes, officials don't always have correct information and tidbits (八卦新闻) that sound reasonable often get passed around before anyone has checked them for accuracy.

Use social media wisely. Some say Twitter is a great source of news in the first few minutes of a tragedy. ________ On the other hand, Facebook can be a great way to connect with friends affected by events in the news and to spread personal news within a more limited circle. Be skeptical. ________ After the Boston Marathon bombing, NBC Sports reported that some runners kept running all the way to the hospital to donate blood for the victims. Not true. There are plenty of websites devoted to exposing false news stories. The Washington Post also has a Fact Checker column that delivers claims made by public officials and politicians. Visit them to find out if a story is true.

Keep it age-appropriate. Kids aren't always ready to digest big, tragic news - especially if the news is about kids, such as school shootings or abuses. The constant repetition of information can be confusing for younger kids, and at the beginning of a news event, parents might not be able to offer any correct answers. ________ A. Remember, breaking news is often wrong. B. It also can be the source of misinformation.

C. If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. D. Make sure you and your kids aren't falling victim to false news. E. However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate. F. With social media at your fingertips, it's convenient to express your opinion.

G. Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources. 【答案】 B；A；E；C；G

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些父母可以提供给孩子的建议，这些帮助他们在网上阅读新闻时更快地做出判断。

（1）上文提示“互联网是一个可以找到有用信息的地方。”承接上文，B项It also can be the source of misinformation.（它也可能是错误信息的来源。）切题。此处also将上下文连接在一起。故选B。

（2）下文提示“在匆忙报道新闻的过程中，记者会犯错误，官员们并不总是掌握正确的信息，而那些听起来合情合理的小道消息往往会在任何人检查其准确性之前就被传开。”承接下文，A项Remember, breaking news is often wrong.（记住，突发新闻往往是错误的。）切题。故选A。

（3）上文提示“有人说，在悲剧发生的头几分钟里，Twitter是一个很好的新闻来源。”承接上文，E．However, after that it just becomes messy and largely inaccurate.（然而，在那之后，它就变得混乱，而且在很大程度上是不准确的。）切题。该项中的However表示一种转折关系，将上下文仅仅联系在一起。故选E。

（4）根据本段小标题“务必持怀疑态度”。再根据下文提示“波士顿马拉松爆炸案发生后，NBC体育报道称，一些跑步者一直跑到医院为受害者献血。不是真的。”承接标题和下文，C项If something sounds too good to be true, it probably is.（如果某件事听起来好得令人难以置信，那么它很可能不是真的。）切题。故选C。

（5）上文提示“不断重复的信息可能会让年幼的孩子感到困惑，而且在新闻活动开始时，父母可能无法提供任何正确的答案。”承接上文，G项Kids who are eager to learn more about certain events can check kid-guided news sources.（想要更多地了解某些事件的孩子可以查看儿童指导的新闻来源。）切题。故选G。 【点评】阅读理解七选五解题步骤

1）分析选项，串联主题：了解文章的主题、大意，会让解题的方向更明确。 2）研究空格前后，对比选项，选择答案。 3）复读短文，核对答案：为了保证答案的正确性，一定要

把答案代入原文，进行核对检查。

7．阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。

Study in Canada

Why Canada?

Canadians place a premium(保险) on education and demand first-rate schools. Canada is among the top three countries in the Organization for Economic. International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers. Ranked as #1 in the World

For the past several years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live in. Conducted every year, the survey evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates. Canadian Education is Competitively Priced

Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country

More than 800000 Canadians trace their roots back to India! High Standard of Living

Canadians enjoy a standard of living among the highest in the world. More than 65 per cent of Canadians own their own homes, with a higher percentage owning durable goods. Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.

The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas. Welcoming & Beautiful Environment

All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. Canadian cities provide numerous parks, gardens and beaches for public use, as well as excellent sports and recreation facilities. Canadians place a high value on their natural environment.

Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. Canadian crime rates have been falling steadily since the 1990s. In 1997, Canada's police-reported crime rate decreased for the sixth year in a row, falling by five per cent. Violent crimes declined for the fifth year in a row in 1997 and Canada's homicide (杀人) rate now accounts for less than one percent of all reported violent incidents. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.

Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants(居民) live in Québec(魁北克), which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout the country.

Internationally, it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million

speak French. Canada offers superior English as a Second Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to learn either or both languages.

Study in Canada Why Canada? International student's ________ from Canadian universities enjoy a higher employment rate. Ranked as #1 in the World In Canada education is accessible, people live longer, and crime and violence ________ happen. Canadian Education is Other English speaking countries ask for a much ________ tuition Competitively Priced High Standard of Living fee than Canada. Broadcasting system in Canada is famous, advanced and serves ________ Purposes. Few of Canadian people would like to live in ________ areas. Welcoming & Beautiful ________ It is really ________ to live in major urban centers. Canada is a ________ place to study in. Canada's homicide rate is low because Canadians are ________ to have firearms. Canada has two official languages. ________ 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. 【答案】 graduating；seldom / rarely；higher；different / various / several；rural；Environment；convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy；safe；forbidden / prohibited / banned；Over

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了加拿大的的教育环境。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据 Why Canada?部分中的“International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.”从加拿大大学毕业的国际学生获得成功和有前途的职业。名词所有格后接动名词，因此填graduating。

（2）考查信息提升。根据Ranked as #1 in the World部分中的“Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.”在接受教育方面，加拿大获得了特别高的分数，长寿，犯罪率和暴力率低。可知犯罪和暴力很少发生，故填seldom / rarely。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据Canadian Education is Competitively Priced部分中的“Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country”国际学生在加拿大的学费比其它说英语的国家相对较低，可知此处应填higher。

（4）考查信息提升。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“ Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.”加拿大人为他们举世闻名和高度先进的广播系统感到骄傲，其中包括一千多个调频电台和大约719个电视台，为听众和观众提供服务、娱乐和教育,可知加拿大的广播系统有多重目的，故填different / various / several。

（5）考查推理判断。根据High Standard of Living部分中的“The vast majority of Canada's

population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas.”加拿大的三千多万人口大部分住在诚实地区，可知少数人住在农村，故填rural。

（6）考查信息归纳。根据标题Welcoming & Beautiful Environment，可知填Environment。 （7）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. ”所有主要的城市中心都有各种各样的购物中心，饭店，剧院，美术馆和博物馆，可知住在市中心是便利，舒适，享受的，故填convenient / comfortable / enjoyable / cozy。

（8）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. ”众所周知加拿大是一个安全、公正与和平的社会。故填safe。

（9）考查信息提升。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.”不像邻国美国，武器受到严格管制，加拿大一般不允许使用。可知填forbidden / prohibited / banned。

（10）考查信息归纳。根据Welcoming & Beautiful Environment部分中的“ it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. ”据估计8亿多人说英语，2亿5千人说法语，故填Over。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，信息提升和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

8．请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

In an ideal world, we usually get eight hours of sleep every night, and wake up with enough energy before work. But when we're struggling to balance the responsibilities of everyday life, cutting back on sleep seems to be the only solution. Many of us rely on coffee or energy drinks to get us through the day, instead of making sleep a priority. Sadly, as delicious as it can be, caffeine is not the solution. Being tired not only brings down our energy levels, but also makes us less productive and less motivated. There are concrete steps you can take right now to renew your energy.

Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it. Most of us are too busy to notice how fatigue(疲劳) really affects our bodies and minds. What signs of trouble do you regularly display? The patterns of your signs of trouble can give you clues about the negative effects of your fatigue. In addition, it's wise to start thinking about whoever can feel the effects of your fatigue.

Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed. During this reflection, you will be able to understand more about yourself and why you do the things you do. You may decide to forgive yourself for the mistakes you've made. Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward.

Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal. To start with, have an open mind and an open heart. Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win. Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest. Listen carefully because it shows respect. The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start. It's helpful to break the process down. It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. On occasion, the small steps alone can remove fatigue. For instance, you may not need to change your career but change emphasis. If you feel hopelessly dragged down by fatigue, self-care may be the best prescription.

Four steps to fight fatigue Phenomenon Steps to energy Many people rely on coffee or energy drinks to overcome fatigue. ________ ● Identify the signs of ________ you display regularly, which can give you information about the bad effects of your fatigue. ● Think about the people who can sense your fatigue. Reflection ● Find out the things that need ________by thinking carefully about the choices you've made. ● Think ________, and you will feel refreshed and be ready to move forward. ________ ● Be open to others but don't ________too much. ● There is no need to tell others everything but you do need to show ________ by telling the truth. ● Show respect for others by________carefully. Plan-and-act ●________ yourself of what brings you down and start afresh. ● Make small________or adopt a self-care attitude. 【答案】 Awareness；trouble；changing；positively；Conversation；complain；honesty；listening；Rid；adjustments/changes

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者对于如何恢复精力，给出了一些建议和方法。 （1）考查信息提升，根据第二段中的“Awareness comes first because you have to understand what's going on before you can do anything to change it.”意识是第一位的，因为在你做任何事情去改变它之前，你必须先了解发生了什么。这一部分主要讲了意识，所以填Awareness。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“What signs of trouble do you regularly display?”可知这里填trouble。

（3）考查细心提升。根据第三段中的“Reflecting on the choices you've made can provide clarity, which will help you figure out what needs to be changed.”可知这里意思是仔细思考你所做的选择，找出需要改变的地方。need doing需要做某事，该用法是固定用法，所以填changing。

（4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thinking about the positive aspects of your life will make you feel refreshed and ready to move forward. ”可知这里意思是积极地思考，你会感到

renewing your 精神焕发，准备好继续前进。该空修饰动词Think，用副词，所以填positively。

（5）考查信息提升。根据第四段中的“Conversing with others not only provides support, but also leads to new perspectives and feedback that can help with treatment and what you need to heal.”结合表格中的内容，可知这一部分主要讲了谈话，所以填Conversation。

（6）考查信息提升。根据第四段“Limit complaining. Complaints may need to be aired in order to relieve pressure, but if they dominate(占上风), anger will win.”可知这里意思是向他人敞开心扉，但不要抱怨太多。助动词don't后，接动词原形，所以填complain。

（7）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Tell the truth. You do not need to tell people everything, but you do need to be honest.”可知这里意思是没有必要把一切都告诉别人，但是你需要通过讲真话来表现出诚实。作动词show的宾语，用名词，所以填honesty。 （8）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Listen carefully because it shows respect.”可知这里意思是认真倾听，尊重他人。介词by之后，接v+ing形式，所以填listening。

（9）考查信息提升。根据最后一段中的“The fourth step is about renewal—getting rid of what is bringing you down and making a fresh start.”可知这里意思是摆脱让你沮丧的事情，重新开始。祈使句用动词原形，所以填Rid。

（10）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“It is easier to make small adjustments than big ones. 可知这里意思是做一些小的调整或采取自我照顾的态度。作Make的宾语，用名词，所以填adjustments/changes。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息提升，细节理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。

9．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

Most of us probably dreamed about becoming an astronaut when we were little. But how many of us actually became one, or are at least working toward it?

The advice “Always follow your dreams” is something that is typically easier said than done. But still, this is the one piece of advice that Alyssa Carson wants to share with her peers. This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars. If everything goes well, Carson will be one of the first human beings to ever set foot on the red planet.

Carson has dreamed of going to Mars since she was only three years old. Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.

Since then, she has worked hard toward this goal. At the age of 12, Carson became the first person to attend all three NASA space camps, and she sat with real astronauts in a NASA panel(座谈会) to discuss the future of Mars missions.

Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a “normal” teenager, except that she studies all her subjects in four languages – English, French, Spanish and Chinese.

“I don't think there's anything specific that makes it easier for me or makes it something that others can't do,” Carson said in an interview with Uproxx News. “I've just really focused myself on

what I want to accomplish.”

And Carson is willing to make sacrifices for her dream. She's fully aware of the danger of the mission and the possibility that she might never be able to come back. She also accepts the fact that she can't get married and start a family because any loved ones left on Earth may be a distraction for her and for the mission. But Carson believes that it's all worth it, summarizing her view with this ancient Greek proverb she once quoted, “A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll never sit in.”

So after all the hard work that Carson has done and all the sacrifices she's made, everything still boils down to the simple phrase, “follow your dreams”. And while some people's dreams may sound out of this world, in Carson's case, they literally(毫不夸张地) are.

（1）What will happen to Carson in 2033 if everything goes well? (No more than 8 words)

（2）Why did Carson decide to be the first one to go to Mars? (No more than 20 words)

（3）How does Carson differ from other students for the school work? (No more than 10 words)

（4）How do you understand the underlined sentence? (No more than 20 words)

（5）What do you think of the girl? And why? (No more than 25 words)

【答案】 （1）She will set foot on the Mars. / She will go to the Mars.

（2）Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.

（3）She studies all her subjects in four languages.

（4）A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.

（5）She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个勇敢无私的女孩Carson为了实现自己的梦想不惜牺牲自己的利益。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“This 17-year-old girl from the US has become one of the candidates for NASA's 2033 project to go to Mars. If everything goes well, Carson will be one of the first human beings to ever set foot on the red planet.”可知如果一切进展的顺利，Carson在2033年会go to Mars/ set foot on the Mars。字数要求是不能超过八个字，所以本题的答案是：She will set foot on the Mars. / She will go to the Mars.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars, Carson decided that she wanted to be the first one to do so.”可知Carson看了一部以宇航员为主题的卡通片，了解到人类只登上过月球，没有登上过火星，于是她决定成为第一个登上月球的人。字数要求是不能超过二十个字，所以本题的答案是：Because of watching an astronaut-themed cartoon and learning

that humans have only been to the moon but not Mars.

（3）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“Now 17, Carson is continuing with her space training while still taking on her high school work like a “normal” teenager, except that she studies all her subjects in four languages – English, French, Spanish and Chinese.”可知Carson用四门语言学习课程，这是她不同于其他学生的地方。字数要求是不能超过十个字，所以本题的答案是：She studies all her subjects in four languages.

（4）考查语句理解。A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they know they'll never sit in.这句话的字面意思是：当老人知道不能在自己种的树下乘凉却还坚持种树时，这个社会就发展了。再结合这段内容：这段主要讲了Carson为了为自己的梦想牺牲自己个人的利益。所以这句话引申为：当人们不考虑个人利益而为社会做贡献时，这个社会就发展了。字数要求是不能超过二十个字，所以本题的答案是：A society will make progress if people make contributions without considering personal benefits.

（5）考查推理判断。文章主要讲述了一个勇敢无私的女孩Carson为了实现自己的梦想不惜牺牲自己的利益。字数要求是不能超过二十五个字，所以本题的答案是：She is brave and unselfish, because she may not return to the earth and is willing to make sacrifices for her dream.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，语句理解和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的词汇知识，从而做出正确答案。

10．阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。

One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children. Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.

Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships. Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to nurture healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.

During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. Family dinner may not benefit if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.

（1）What may be the best title for this passage? (no more than 8 words) （2）What benefits can children get from eating together? (no more than 15 words)

（3）How do you explain the underlined word \"nurture\" in Paragraph 2? (no more than 2 words) （4）What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 15 words)

（5）What should be avoided at the dinner table according to the author? And why? (no more than 15 words)

【答案】 （1）The Benefits of Eating Together/ The Benefits of Family Dinner/ Family Dinner Brings Lots of Benefits.

（2）They have better grades at school and are better adjusted when they are older. /Children can communicate with their parents and enjoy their company. （3）Raise. /Bing up. /Educate.

（4）They can learn more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life.

（5）Silence. Because without communication no one can get any benefit at the dinner table. /Quarreling. Because it brings about a bad atmosphere that benefits no one. /Meaningless conversation. Because it does not bring any benefit to anyone.

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了父母和孩子一起吃饭的好处，一起吃饭有助于家庭实现开放交流，建立更紧密和更良好的关系，父母通过一起吃饭可以更加了解孩子的变化。但同时沉默、争吵以及无意义的谈话应当在聚餐时避免。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.”以及文章内容可知主要为讲述家人聚在一起吃饭的各种好处。故答案为The Benefits of Eating Together/ The Benefits of Family Dinner/ Family Dinner Brings Lots of Benefits.

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults”可知在一起吃饭的孩子们在学校有更好的成绩，在青少年和成年人中更容易适应；以及“It is also a great time to share the events of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.”可知孩子们在一起吃饭更能交流分享新闻和想法，享受彼此的陪伴。故答案为They have better grades at school and are better adjusted when they are older.或Children can communicate with their parents and enjoy their company.

（3）考查词义猜测。根据上文“For many families, eating dinner together proves to be a good and effective way to reduce the risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to”对许多家庭来说，一起吃晚餐被证明是一个很好的和有效的方法来降低青少年上瘾的风险可知，一起吃晚餐有助于抚养教育出健康的孩子们。故划线部分单词意思为“抚养；教育”故案为Raise. /Bing up. /Educate.

（4）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Sitting at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life.”可知一起吃饭时父母可以了解孩子学习成绩、日常活动和生活态度。故答案为They can learn more about their children's school performance, daily

activities and attitudes toward life.

（5）考查概括归纳。根据最后一段中的“Family dinner may not benefit if there is too much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain silence during gathering.”可知如果有太多的争论，如果没有有意义的谈话，或者更糟糕的是，如果在聚会期间只有简单的沉默，家庭聚餐可能没有什么好处。即作者认为聚餐时应当避免沉默、争吵或是无意义的谈话。理由并不唯一，言之有理即可。故答案为Silence. Because without communication no one can get any benefit at the dinner table. 或是Quarreling. Because it brings about a bad atmosphere that benefits no one.或是Meaningless conversation. Because it does not bring any benefit to anyone.

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和概括归纳四个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

11．任务型阅读

Should schoolchildren have jobs?

Now at school, the last thing you probably want to do is spend your weekends going to work. There is homework to do and sport to play________ When I was a teenager I had a Saturday job in a supermarket: stacking(摆放)shelves and working at the checkout.

Today in the UK you are allowed to work from the age of 13, and many children do take up part-time jobs________Teenagers agree that it teaches valuable lessons about working with adults and also about managing your money. So, that's no bad thing!

Some research has shown that not taking on a Saturday or holiday job could be harmful to a person later on. But despite this, recent statistics have shown that the number of schoolchildren in the UK with a part-time job has fallen by a fifth in the past five years.

________Probably not. Some experts feel that young people feel going out to work will affect their performance at school, and they are under more pressure now to study hard and get good exam results. However, Geoff Barton, general secretary of the Association of School and College leaders, told BBC News “Properly regulated part-time work is a good way of helping young people learn skills that they will need in their working lives”. In reality, it's all about getting the right balance between doing part-time work and having enough time to study and rest.

________One 13 year old girl called Rachel, who has a Saturday job in a shop, told the BBC that “I enjoy my job because I'm earning money and it helps increase my confidence in speaking to people and socializing with people I work with.” That seems like something worth getting up on a Saturday morning________

A. Do you do a part-time job when you are at school? B. So you are not free to do what you are feeling like doing. C. It is a waste of time and does no good to your career prospect. D. It's a waste of independence and a useful thing to put on your CV (简历). E. Does this mean that British teenagers? Are now more afraid of hard work? F. But your parents probably persuade you to find a job and get some life experience. G. Many young people actually want to work because it gives them a sense of freedom.

【答案】F；D；E；G；A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，对学童是否应该有工作这个问题进行了讨论。 (1)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“When I was a teenager I had a Saturday job in a supermarket: stacking(摆放)shelves and working at the checkout.”当我还是个孩子的时候我在超市有一个星期六的工作：摆放货架和做结帐工作。我就是在父母的说服下去做工作的，可知上文：但你的父母可能会说服你找份工作并获得一些生活经验。故选F。 (2)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Today in the UK you are allowed to work from the age of 13, and many children do take up part-time jobs”今天，在英国，你被允许从13岁开始工作，许多孩子确实从事兼职工作。可知下文：它（孩子从事兼职工作）被放在你的简历里也是一件有用的事情。因为下文中的it是指上文提到的“孩子从事兼职工作”，故选D。

(3)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“Probably not. ”“可能不是”就是对上文“这是否意味着英国青少年现在更害怕艰苦的工作？”的一个回答。即：可能不是害怕艰苦工作，而是学业压力太重了。故选E。

(4)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“I enjoy my job because I'm earning money and it helps increase my confidence in speaking to people and socializing with people I work with.”我挣钱，有助于提高我与人交谈和社交的信心。可知上文：许多年轻人实际上想工作，因为这给了他们一种自由感。可以用自己的钱做自己想做的事，还能自由交流。故选G。

(5)考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。在文章结尾处用一句疑问句“你在学校做兼职工作吗？”对本段主题“对学童是否应该有工作这个问题的一个讨论”作为结尾，希望获得更多的信息。故选A。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

12．任务型阅读

Many people think only professionals—engineers, accountants, teachers, etc.—have careers.________ Even if you've never had a paid job, you still have a career. Your career is the sum of your life and work. It includes all your activities and experiences. Your schooling, your volunteer work, and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career.________

During your career, you will have a variety of jobs, occupations and roles. People used to think of a job as full-time, permanent, paid work done for an employer at a work site. But in our changing world, a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid________ Even someone who is self-employed has a job.

An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills.________ Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers, be self-employed, work full-time or part-time, be paid for their work or volunteer their services. They may change jobs or hold several jobs at one time but, until they change the type of duties or tasks they perform, they are still computer programmers.

________ We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time. For

example, Kris works four days a week as a receptionist in a clinic and takes evening courses in social work. She also sews gymnastic wear for her neighbor who sells it at summer markets. Now Kris has at least three roles. A. A role is a part you play. B. Actually everyone has a career.

C. In other words, your career is your life story. D. For example, computer programmer is an occupation. E. As a matter of fact, a job is different from a role in some way. F. It can be completed at a work site, at home, or somewhere else. G. The following is about your work, your family, and your life story. 【答案】B；C；F；D；A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了我们每个人都有一份职业，其实我们的职业就是我们的生活和工作的总和。

（1）根据后句Even if you've never had a paid job, you still have a career.可知，事实上，每个人都有一份职业。故答案选B。

（2）根据前句Your schooling, your volunteer work, and even your relationships with your family are all big parts of your career.可知，所有的一切都是你的职业。故答案选C。 （3）根据前句But in our changing world, a job is a set of duties or tasks. It can be paid or unpaid.和后句Even someone who is self-employed has a job.可知，它可以在工作地点、家里或其他地方完成。故答案选F。

（4）根据前句An occupation is a group of jobs with similar responsibilities that require a common set of skills.和后句Programmers may have permanent or temporary jobs working for specific employers, be self-employed, work full-time or part-time, be paid for their work or volunteer their services.可知，计算机程序员是一份职业。故答案选D。

（5）根据后句We all play a number of roles in our lives and our roles often change over time.可知，我们在生活中都扮演着许多角色，并且我们的角色随着时间而改变。故答案选A。 【点评】1．理清句际间意义的关系：文章的内容是根据各层各段的大意有机地组合而成，各个层次，各个段落之间不管怎样错落有致，但它所表达的内容都是要围绕中心的，各句之间都有一定的语脉，从逻辑意义上来看，语段的句际关系可分为平列、顺序、层递、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系。构成语段的各个句子之间有时可以包含一种以上的句际关系。因此，理解阅读材料时一定要把握语脉，理清句际间的关系，进而理解语段或全文的内容。

2．找出句子之间的连接性的词语：文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系。

13．（2018•浙江）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The

easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.________

Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair. ________By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.

Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk. Take along a small garbage bag. ________This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.

________ If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know you are there to help in any way this acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.

________By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.

A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up. F. People tend to lake pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly 【答案】G；F；E；B；C 【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了乔迁新居后更好更快地融入新社区的四大策略：如保持清洁卫生、做个热情的有心人等。

⑴G 此处是承上启下的句子，即呼应上一句“确保你做一个好邻居应该做的事”，后概括下文“做一个好邻居应该注意那些技巧”，故答案为G。

⑵F 根据下文强调的outside of the home，联系到上文keep your property(房产) neat, clean, and in good repair，所以此处谈论如从外观上让邻居接受你，故答案为F。

⑶E 前文的small garbage bag是为了“pick up waste paper”准备的，后一句的This small act就是指捡废纸的这一举动，故答案为E。

⑷B 此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的offer to collect mail and newspapers正是帮助邻居做一些小事情的表现，所以答案为B。

⑸C 此处是本段的主题句，后一句中的respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood 均是considerate behaviors，故答案为C。

【点评】这是一篇说明文，重在考查上下文之间的逻辑关系，答题时首先浏览文章主旨，并理解各个选项所表达的含义。然后再读短文，选出最能使上下文语义通顺的选项，注意段落大意，空格前后的关键词等信息，完成后要通读一篇，看语义是否通顺，是否符合逻辑，必要的话做适当修改。

14．任务型阅读

“Urgent action required”, “Do you still want to hear from us?”, “We've updated our privacy policy”, “Should we stop sending you updates? If not, act now!”

Many of us will have received emails like this during the past few weeks. Triggering this flood of emails is something called GDPR that comes into effect in just under two weeks' time. Often the emails warn that if you don't respond, you will be removed from the company's database, which raises a lot of questions. What action, if any, do you need to take? Could it affect you financially? GDPR, which stands for General Data Protection Regulation, has been described as the biggest overhaul（彻底检查）of online privacy since the birth of the internet. It is designed to give all EU citizens the right to know what data is stored on them and to have it deleted, plus protect them from privacy breaches（破坏）. It comes into effect on 25 May.

The new rules encourage the requirement for explicit and informed consent before data is processed. As a result, companies and organizations around the world are contacting users to check they are happy to carry on receiving their emails.

However, many of us seem to be going down with “GDPR fatigue（厌倦）”: one article last week claimed that the “reconfirmation rate” - the proportion of people saying they want to continue receiving a company's emails - at UK micro-businesses was averaging just 10%, which meant “they could lose 90% of their subscribers - the life-blood for their business”. So it's no wonder some firms have adopted policies such as offering to enter people into a prize draw in return for them going in and updating their communication preferences.

The average adult is said to have about 100 “data relationships” — companies and organizations that hold our personal data. Meanwhile, the reason why the company that occasionally emails you newsletters is now asking for your consent is perhaps because you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff. Maybe you only get its emails because you went to an event it organized ages ago or you once downloaded something from its website. Under the new regime, that almost certainly wouldn't count as explicit and informed consent, hence it's getting in touch now.

The bottom line is that if it is a company or organization that you want to continue hearing from, you should probably click the button or log in to ensure you keep getting its emails. If it doesn't hear from you, it may decide to take you off its database. Passage outline Supporting details ◆ They flood into our lives. The influences of junk mails ◆ They________ to remove us from certain databases. ◆ They cause receivers to be________ about the possible risks. ◆ It will guarantee all EU citizens the________ to The________of GDPR accept or refuse. ◆ It will require privacy ________from companies. The ________from most receivers and the ◆ Most receivers are________ to continue policies adopted by some firms receiving such emails. ◆ Some firms hold activities so that people may win a ________ if they go in. ◆ Some firms offer to update people's communication preferences. ◆ Companies hope to obtain explicit________ from their users. The reason and bottom line for companies ◆ The information you left ________ doesn't mean sending such emails you allow them to send you stuff. ◆ Without your reply, companies may take you off their databases. 【答案】threaten；concerned/worried/anxious；goals/aims/purposes/functions；right；protection/respect；response(s)/reaction(s)；unwilling/reluctant；prize/bonus；consent/permission/approval/agreement

unintentionally/unpurposely/indeliberately/undesignedly/unconsciously

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了人们对GDPR邮件的反应以及公司会采用的一些对应措施。

(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Often the emails warn that if you don't respond, you will be removed from the company's database”，根据该句可知，垃圾邮件威胁要将我们从公司数据库中删除。故该空填动词“威胁”：threaten。threaten to do固定短语，“威胁要做某事”，故填threaten。

(2)考查推理判断，根据第二段中的“What action, if any, do you need to take? Could it affect you financially?”可知，垃圾邮件引发了收件人的一些担心。该空在系动词之后，应填形容词“担心的”作表语，故填concerned/worried/anxious。

(3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“It is designed to…”可知，该段介绍的是GDPR的目的，该空位于定冠词the之后，故该空应填名词“目的”，因此答案为goals/aims/purposes/functions。

(4)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It is designed to give all EU citizens the right to know what data is stored on them and to have it deleted”可知，GDPR的目的之一就是给所有欧盟公民了解哪些数据可以储存，哪些数据可以删除的权利，故该空填right。

(5)考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的“protect them from privacy breaches”可知，GDPR可以保护欧盟公民不受侵犯隐私的伤害。该空做require的宾语，故应填名词，答案为protection(保护)/respect(尊重)。

(6)考查信息归纳。第五段主要介绍了收到此类邮件的人们的反应以及一些公司采取的相应政策。该空在定冠词the之后，故填名词，答案为response(s)(回应)/reaction(s)(反应)。 (7)考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“the proportion of people saying they want to continue receiving a company's emails - at UK micro-businesses was averaging just 10%, which meant they could lose 90% of their subscribers - the life-blood for their business”可知，大部分人都不愿意收到这样的邮件，该空做are的表语，故应填形容词，答案为unwilling/reluctant。 (8)考查细节理解。根据倒数第三段中的“So it's no wonder some firms have adopted policies

；

such as offering to enter people into a prize draw in return for them going in and updating their communication preferences”可知，有一些公司会采纳一些政策，例如：如果人们进入，公司会给人们提供一个奖品。故该空应填名词prize/bonus(奖)。

(9)考查信息归纳。根据倒数第二段中的“the company that occasionally emails you newsletters is now asking for your consent is perhaps because you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff ”可知，因为你从未明确的允许某个公司给你寄送东西，所有，这个公司现在给你发电子邮件寻求你的许可。该空做receive的宾语，故应填名词，因此答案为consent/permission/approval/agreement(许可，同意)。

(10)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“…you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff. Maybe you only get its emails because you went to an event it organized ages ago or you once downloaded something from its website”可知，或许，你只是数年前参加过某公司组织的活动，或者你曾经从该公司的网站上下载了某些东西，你就收到了它的邮件。但是，你从未允许它给你寄送东西。总之，你无意间留下的信息并不意味着你允许某公司给你寄送东西。该空修饰动词leave，且意为“无意地”，故应填副词，答案为unintentionally / unpurposely / indeliberately / undesignedly / unconsciously。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，细节理解和信息归纳三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确掌握细节信息，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

15．根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.________ One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. ________ We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.

Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.________

Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right.________ The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.

If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.

Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. ________ \"You keep what matters,\" Tononi says. A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.

B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.

C. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.

F. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice. G. \"Sleep is the price we pay for learning,\" says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 【答案】D；C；G；F；B

【解析】文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡觉对神经元的影响。

（1）考查细节理解。根据上一句的When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month. 实验室的小老鼠若不让它睡觉，它不到一个月就死了，可知，D项“同样，人若几天不睡觉就会生病。”最切题。故答案选D。

（2）考查细节理解。结合上文提到睡眠帮助我们加强记忆，而C项中说“这就是为什么学生在学习之后有机会睡一觉的话，考试的成绩会更好。”由此可知，C项最切题。故答案选C。

（3）考查推理判断。结合上文，上文提及的是一个理论，选项G中的“Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. 朱莉奥是提出这个理论的人 ”正好呼应，故答案选G。

（4）考查推理判断。根据下文可知，老鼠在睡眠结束时，突触会变小18%，表明睡眠时神经元会变弱，F项“托诺尼的团队测量了12只老鼠的大脑”与下文最呼应，故答案选F。 （5）细节理解。根据上文讲述神经元虽然会变弱，但有些神经元会保持不变，再结合下文说，你记住了最重要的事，由此可知，B项“大脑似乎会保护最重要的记忆”与上下文的衔接最好。故答案选B。

【点评】七选五题型解题技巧：在答题中，应首先略读一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把几个选项含义理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表达有交叉的选项之间的区别。然后再细读短文，把答案填入合适位置。答题时可以把含义相近的几个选项轮流填入同一处位置，反复阅读，反复体会，找出最佳选项，对于实在没有把握的小题可以留待最后完成。完成短文后，再认真通读一遍全文，看看上下语意是否通顺，是否符合逻辑关系。

16．Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A problem shared can be a problem doubled

People discuss their problems with friends in the hope that they'll gain some idea on how to solve them. And even if they don't find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health. ________ The term psychologist's use for negative problem sharing is \"co-rumination\". Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems too much, repeatedly going over the same problems, expecting future problems and focusing on negative feelings. It is more about keeping talking about problems than solving them. ________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with \"high-quality\" and close friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).

If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate. ________ So if two people believe rumination is beneficial, then working together to co-ruminate to find answers may seem like a useful thing to do, as two heads may appear better than one. But focusing on problems and negative emotion together can increase negative beliefs and moods — and result in a greater need to co-ruminate.

Traditionally, therapy has not prioritised handling rumination or co-rumination directly as maintaining factors in psychological problems. Instead, approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) have aimed to challenge only the content of rumination. Humanistic approaches such as counselling have provided conditions to potentially ruminate on the content of problems. And psychodynamic (心理动力的) approaches such as psychoanalysis have aimed to analyze the content of rumination.

________ But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not. And, on the social side, discussing problems with friends doesn't always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem acts on those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties, and a problem shared can really be a problem halved.

A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better. B. How you co-ruminate matters too.

C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist.

D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.

E. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and tiredness, one study suggests.

F. Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword. 【答案】 D；F；A；C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。与朋友过多地讨论问题，反复讨论同样的问题，期待未来的问题，并关注负面情绪，这种被称为 \"共同反刍\"。共同反刍是一把双刃剑，可能会让问题减半，也可能会让问题加倍。

（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前\"Indeed, having close friends to trust is a good relief against poor mental health.\"可知拥有亲密的朋友确实可以很好地缓解心理健康状况。后文，也就是从第二段开始作者介绍了共同反刍的涵义和利弊。空格处需要承上启下， D. How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it. \"但是，如何讨论问题可能是将问题减半或加倍问题的区别。\"切题，故选D。

（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后\"In a study…with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys).\"可知下文介绍了一项涉及7至15岁儿童的研究，研究发现男孩和女孩的共同反刍与\"高质量\"和亲密的友谊有关。然而，在女孩中，它也与焦虑和抑郁有关。说明共同反刍既有利也有弊。承上启下， F.

Research shows that co-rumination is a double-edged sword. \"研究发现共同反刍是把双刃剑\"切题。F项的researches与后文的the study相呼应。故选F。

（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前\"If we look at the theory behind why individuals ruminate, it may shed some light on why friends co-ruminate.\"可知作者想用个人反刍的理论来更好地解释朋友间的共同反刍。承接上文， A. According to a leading theory on rumination, people believe that it will help them find answers and make them feel better. \"根据反刍的主要理论，人们相信反刍会帮助他们找到答案并让他们感觉更好。\"切题。A项a leading theory on rumination与前文中的the theory behind why individuals ruminate相呼应。故选A。

（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后\"But if this occurs in therapy, a strong therapeutic relationship may well be a positive outcome of co-rumination — regardless of whether the client's symptoms improve or not.\"可知在如果在治疗时出现了这件事(this)，强烈的治疗关系很可能是共同反刍的积极结果 - 无论客户的症状是否有所改善。空格处需要解释后文this指代的是什么，即什么发生了。呼应下文， C. Focusing on the content of rumination runs the risk of fostering co-rumination between client and therapist. \"专注于反刍的内容存在促进客户和治疗师之间共同反思的风险。\"切题。后文this指代的就是C项的内容。故选C。

【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。