虚拟语气

虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设,该语法主要用于if条件状语从句,也可用于主语从句、 表语time, I could try my best.

5.If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.

从句、宾语从句等。 I． 条件句中的虚拟语气 条件从句 条件从句的谓语形式 主语的谓语形式 与现在相反 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动should/would/could/might+动词词过去式 原形 与过去相反 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+had should/would/could/might+have++过去分词 过去分词 与将来相反 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+动should/would/could/might+动词词过去式 原形 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+should+动词原形 If I (you, he/she, they, we )+were to+动词原形 例：

1.If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students。 If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. 如果我昨天来，就会看见他了。

3.If you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train.

如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。

4.If the teacher asked me to solve the problem next

6.If we were to panic, we would not be able to help.

NOTES ：

If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.

例句中从句与过去事实相反, 主句与现在事实相反

II虚拟语气的特殊用法：

did(与事实相反的情况, )

1．Wish had done(与过去事实相反)

would /could/ might +do(将来不大可能实现的愿望 )

I wish every day were my birthday

I wish I hadn’t eaten so much watermelon. I wish it would rain tomorrow.

Demand Suggest Order

2． Propose +(should ) do

Request

Command Insist

一坚持（insist ）二命令（order，command）三建议（suggest，advise，propose，）四要求（request，require，demand，desire）

注意：在insist 后的从句中, 如果是坚持自己, 用陈述语气, 坚持别人做什么事情, 用虚拟语气。 

She insists that she is right. 她坚持说她是对的。

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She insisted that I should finish the work at once.她一再坚持我应该马上完成这项工作。 suggest不表示建议时，即它们用于暗示、表明时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 例：(错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.

(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. 3．as if / as though did 与现在事实相反的

had done 与过去事实相反或想象的事实 例：

He behaves as if he owned the house.

He talks about Rome as though he had been there himself. 4．主语从句中的虚拟语气

a.在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用： should + 动词原形

这些形容词为：natural (自然的), appropriate (适当的),advisable (合适的), preferable (更可取的), better (更好的)，necessary (必须的), important (重要的), essential (本质的), vital (必不可少的)，probable (很可能的), possible (可能的) desirable (极好的)，advisable（合理的），compulsory（必须的），crucial（紧急的），incredible（惊人的），necessary（必要的），possible（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的）。 常用的过去分词(Past Participle): required (需要的), demanded (要求), requested (被请求), desired (要求)，suggested (建议), recommended (推荐)，orderd (命令) [例句]

1. It’s necessary that we should have a walk now. 我们有必要出去散散步。 2. It’s natural that she should do so. 她这样做是很自然的。

3.It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。

b.在It is ＋名词＋that的主语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉，怀疑、惊奇等。这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，motion，order，pity，preference，proposal，recommendation，requirement，resolution，shame，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。

例：It is my proposal that he be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外深造。 5. if only 意为：若是...那该多好啊; 真希望...; 只要, 只要...就好

表示现在的情况,应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态

If only I had arrived in time ! If only she didn’t drive so fast

6. It’s (high/right) time that… that 从句要用虚拟语气：过去时或should + do It’s time that you left/should leave here.

7. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), 等表示含蓄的条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气

Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress. But for my brother's help, I would not have finished it on time. I had to do sth.more important,otherwise I might have helped.

8．would rather，would sooner，had rather， would (just) as soon ，would prefer之后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。 The manager would rather his daughter did not work in the same office. 经理宁愿她女儿不与他在同一间办公室工作。 To be frank，I’d rather you were not involved in the case.坦率地说，我希望你不要卷入这件事。 I’d rather you didn’t make any comment on the issue for the time being.

我倒希望你暂时先不要就此事发表意见。 III．【考点诠释】

考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法

1.If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not

解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that从句为同位语从句，描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为C。

2.If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 3.If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.

A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to

解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为B。

考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有if从句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引导的句子代替if从句，主句的谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如：

Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed

解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件

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事。很显然，这是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用could have done，故应选B。

考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句

在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如：

It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.

A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall

解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为B。

考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气

在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：

—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ —I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. A.will not be sent；that B.not be sent；that

C.should not be sent；what D.should not send；what 考点五、wish/if only/would rather从句中的虚拟语气

具体说来其基本结构为：wish/if only/would rather+主语+动词一般过去时（表示与现在事实相反，其中be动词用were）/动词过去完成时（表示与过去事实相反）/would+动词原型（表示与将来事实相反）。例如：

Look at the trouble I’m in，if only I ______ your advice！ A.followed B.would follow

C.had followed D.should follow

解析 句意为：看我目前的困境，要是我听你的建议就好了。其描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为C。

IV.典题链接

1. She might have been in time for the train, but she ______ late. A. started B. has started C. was to start D. had started 答案：A

解析：本题考查动词语气。might have done表示与过去事实相反，因此but后用一般过去时态表示实际发生的事。 2. I lost your cell phone number, otherwise, I _______ you long before. A. had called B. have called C. would have called D. should call 答案：C

解析：根据时间状语long before，可知这是对过去的假设，要是知道你的手机号码，我早就给你打电话了。

3.—It’s so near! We should have walked there. —Yes, a taxi _______ necessary at all. A. wasn’t B. isn’t C. hadn’t been D. won’t be 答案：A

解析：这是一道根据情态动词+have done判断时态的题目。我们知道这个结构只可能有两种时态：过去时和现在完成时，对话内容是恍然发现目的地离得很近，所以本没必要打车，是对过去的虚拟，表示后悔的心情。真实的过去是坐了出租车的。

4. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. A. Would B. Should C. Might D. If 答案：B

解析：if引导的虚拟将来的结构是：if...should/were to do...,...would do...这个句式可以倒装，变成：were...to do/should ...do...,...would do...。

5.________ the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. A. In spite of B. Because of C. But for D. Due to 答案：C

解析：这是一个含蓄的if虚拟条件句，相当于:If it hadn’t been for the traffic jam, we would have arrived earlier. but for=without,要不是。

6. Without your timely help, we _______ in big trouble that day. A. had been B. would be C. would have been D. were 答案：C

解析：本题同第五题。相当于if it hadn’t been for your timely help, we would have been in trouble that day.

7. It’s high time you _______ to make the decision yourself. A. shall learn B. learn C. learnt D. have learnt

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答案： C

解析：It’s high time+从句表建议时要用were式虚拟语气，从句中用过去式。 8. If you ______ me earlier, you ________ sorry now. A. had listened to; wouldn’t have been B. were to listen to; shouldn’t have been C. had listened to; wouldn’t be D. listened to; wouldn’t be 答案：C

解析：此题是一个混合虚拟语气题，从句是对过去的假设，所以根据if虚拟条件句的规则，要用过去完成时，而主句部分讲的是目前的情况所以要用would + do。  9.—I’m feeling terribly drunk now.

—Well, I’d rather you _______ like a fish in the party. A. didn’t drink B. hadn’t drunk C. weren’t drinking D. not drink

10.The man insisted that he______ nothing wrong and _______ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 答案：B

解析：insist只有表示在建议的时候才用虚拟语气，如果是陈述事实的话就不用虚拟语气。所以他说he had done nothing是事实，不是要求。后面的句子才是要求，所以后面用“should do”式虚拟语气结构。

11. If only I ______ an umbrella! I was wet through. A. took B. should take C. had taken D. take 答案：C

解析：if only引导were式主观愿望虚拟语气句，“如果……就好了”根据规则，对过去虚拟用过去完成时。 V.【高考链接】

1.（2010高考英语江苏卷）George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather

he_______ more on its culture.

A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused 【答案】B

【解析】本题考察虚拟语气的用法。would rather后应用虚拟语气，表示与现在时间相反，用动词的过去式。

2.（2010高考英语上海卷）---Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday.

---Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.

A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't

3.（2010高考英语浙江卷）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and

energy . A．would have been saved B．had been saved

C．will be saved D．was saved 【答案】 A

【解析】 本题考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy .故选择A。句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。 4.（2010高考英语天津卷）John went to the hospital alone.

If he me about it, I would have gone with him. A. should tell B. tells C. told D. had told 【答案】D

【解析】考察虚拟语气。句意为“约翰自己去医院了。如果他告诉我这件事情，我就会和他一起去去医院。根据句意可知主从句都是对过去发生事实的一种意愿表达，采用虚拟语气，所以从句采用have done的结构，故选D。

5.（2010高考英语陕西卷）If we ___ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the

meeting.

A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken

6.（2010高考英语湖南卷）If he my advice, he wouldn't have lost his job.

A. followed B. should follow C. had followed D. would follow 【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“wouldn’t have lost”可判断if引导的状语从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟，故选C项。

7.（2010高考英语北京卷）--The weather has been very hot and dry.

--Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldn't die B. didn't die

C. hadn't died D. wouldn't have died

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