高中英语必修一unit4单元知识点讲解

1. ignore （宾语从句） 2. because of （宾语从句） 3. come up

B：The books is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.(that引导________)

[真题改编](2012·辽宁改编)This machine is very easy ________(operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.

语法填空 B．完成句子

②The other day, my husband tried to persuade me not ______ a coat as he thought it was too long. However, the assistant tried hard ________ me ________ the good quality and fashionable style of it. Therefore, I couldn't help ________ buying it.

那一天，我丈夫劝说我不要买那件大衣，因为他认为尺寸太大了。然而，售货员努力使我相信大衣质量好而且样式时髦。结果，我情不自禁被说服买了下来。

②The president ______________ make a speech tomorrow. 总统定于明天发表演说。 我们决定早些出发。(一句多译)

①

_______________________________________________

_________________________(determine to)

③

_______________________________________________

_________________________(determine that从句)

在下列句境中体会view的不同意义和用法并译出其汉语意思 ⑤We can view the problem in many ways.( ) ①It is 10 years ever since I ________ the countryside. 我离开农村已有10年了。

[即景活用]

Einstein, who ________ little ________ money, never ________ ________ his salary. 爱因斯坦不喜欢钱，他从没在意自己的工资。 give in to sb./sth. give away give off give out give up

give way to

A．介、副词填空

⑤I'm planning to give______ two hundred books to the students in poor areas. B．语法填空

⑥The light bulb, invented by Edison in 1879, is about to disappear from our lives, ________(give) way to the more energy-efficient light. 语法填空

The boy insisted that he________(try) his best and________(be) praised. 语法填空

1．My headache ________(kill) me. I thought it was going away, but now it's getting worse and worse.

2．The final-term examinations are coming and each boy and each girl ________(look) forward to the coming holiday.

新课：

Unit 4 Earthquakes

真题对接

1．[教材原句]damage(U4P28)

[真题改编](2013·辽宁改编)The accident ______ ______ ______ ______ my car, but it's nothing serious.

这起事故对我的汽车造成了一些损坏，但是不太严重。

2．[教材原句]The army organized teams to dig out those_who were trapped and to bury the dead.(U4P27)

[真题改编](2013·湖南改编)Happiness and success often come to those ________ are good at recognizing their own strengths.

3．[教材原句]It seemed as_if the world was at an end.(U4P26)

[真题改编](2011·湖南改编)Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever. 要点精讲

高 频 单 词

1.rise vi.上升，升起；(价格、费用等)上涨；起身(＝stand up)；起床(＝get up) [教材原句]For three days the water of the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.(P26) ①Sales rose_by 20% over the Christmas. ②The price of meat has_risen recently.

③A new problem has arisen. [即景活用]

用rise，arise，raise的适当形式填空 ①Accidents can ________ from carelessness.

②The water level of this river is going to ________ to 17 metres because of the rain. ③The price of meat has been ________ recently.

④Suddenly I realized that I had stayed here long and ________ to say goodbye to the host.

2．burst vt. & vi.(使)爆裂；(使)裂开；(使)炸开；突然出现；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发

[教材原句]In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(P26)

burst break out crying/laughing突然哭起 来/笑起来burst break into tears/laughter必会 burst (break) in/into闯入，突然破门而入 burst with anger/grief/joy勃然大努/悲痛欲绝/乐不可支 a burst of一阵…… [方法规律]部分同学对burst into和burst out后面跟什么形式分不清，名师告诉你：into是介词，后面当然要接名词，如tears，laughter等；out是副词，后面须用现在分词作状语，如crying，laughing等。另外，burst in中的in是副词，不接宾语，需接宾语时用into。在burst with＋名词中，with表示原因。你记住了吗？

①My English teacher's humor was such as to make every student burst_into_laughter(burst out laughing)．

②Hearing the news, she burst_into_tears(＝burst_out_crying)． ③Last night the room was_burst_into but nothing was taken away. [巧学助记]

[即景活用]

①The boy ________________ on seeing the big dog. 看到这条大狗后，男孩突然大哭起来。

②That balloon will ________ if you blow it up any more. 你再给气球充气，它就会爆炸。

3．event n．事件，大事；(体育比赛等的)项目，赛事

[教材原句]But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events,_were asleep as usual that night.(P26)

When will the field and track events be held?

[即景活用]

用incident，accident，event的适当形式填空。

①Which ________ have you entered for in the school sports meet? ②A strange ________ happened in the wedding ceremony. ③There was a car ________ yesterday, which caused three deaths.

④Have you heard the traffic ________ that happened in Yatai Street last week? 4．ruin n．[U]毁坏；毁灭；崩溃 [C](pl.)废墟；遗迹 v．(使)破产；(使)堕落；毁灭 [教材原句]In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.(P26)

必会 in ruins成为废墟(注意复数形式) bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产 come/fall to/into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉 ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉 ①That mistake ruined his chances of getting the job. ②The war brought the country to ruin.

拓展

[即景活用]

用ruin，damage或destroy的适当形式填空。

①Thousands of houses were seriously ________ by the storm, and the repair work would last half a month.

②The whole city was completely ________ in the sudden flood, leaving nothing to the native people.

③The constant rain in the north of China this summer has ________ cash crops such as cotton and peppers.

5．injure vt.损害；伤害

[教材原句]Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.(P26) (1)injured adj.受伤的 必会 the injured伤员 (2)injury n．伤；伤口；伤害 do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb.伤害某人 ①Two men were severely injured trying to save a 5-year-old girl from a pit bull. ②The_injured were sent to hospital right away.

[方法规律]injure，wound，hurt和harm在意思和用法上的区别如下：injure(比hurt正式)多指在事故中受伤，如骨折、摔伤等，侧重指损害健康、成就、容貌等；强调功能的损失。wound通常指因割、刺、打、撕裂等而受的损伤，尤指战斗中的刀伤、伤。harm

用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便，还可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不好的事情。hurt普通用语，既可指肉体上的伤害，也可指精神或感情上的伤害。

[即景活用]

用injure，wound，hurt或harm填空

①These criticisms have ________ his pride deeply. ②Don't ________ your eyes by reading in dim light. ③Two people have been badly ________ in the accident. ④The robber ________ him with a knife. 6．track n．轨道；行踪；路径

[教材原句]The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.(P26) [名师点拨]

follow sb.'s track跟踪某人/tracks in the snow雪地上的足迹/a track through a forest林中小道/a single (double) track单(双)轨/track events径赛项目

7．trap vt.使陷入困境；困住；诱骗 n．陷阱；困境；圈套

[教材原句]Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.(P26)

必会 be trapped in困在……中；陷在……中 trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事 lay/set a trap设置陷阱；布下圈套 walk/fall into a trap钻入/落入陷阱或圈套 ①The firefighters rescued a boy who was trapped in the burning house. ②She was trapped_into_marrying him.

8．bury vt.埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入

[教材原句]The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P26)

bury sth. in...把某物埋在…… 必会 bury one's face in one's hands双手掩面 bury oneself in埋头于；专心于 be buried in专心于 [方法规律]be buried in和be absorbed/lost in意思相似，注意介词in的使用。另外还有fix/focus one's attention on和pay attention to。

①After finishing my homework, I wandered into the dining room where you were buried under piles of law books. ②Since she left, he has_been_buried_in/has_buried_himself_in his work.

拓展 [即景活用]

①She sat there, ________ in thought. 她坐在那儿，陷入了深思。

②由于他埋头于书本，他不知道外面下雨了。(一句多译)

b. didn't know c.  it was raining d. outside.

9．shelter n．[U]掩蔽；遮蔽；庇护；栖身地 vi.躲避 vt.提供庇护所 [教材原句]Workers built shelters for survivors who...(P26)

take shelter from躲避…… 必会 under the shelter of在……的庇护下；受……的保护 a bus shelter公共汽车亭 拓展 give sb. shelter庇护某人 shelter sb./sth. from庇护某人/某物免受 a. his books， he

①We took_shelter_from_the_rain in a bus stop. It was a good shelter here. ②(2013·山东卷C篇)Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. 10．judge vt.断定；判断；判决 n．裁判员；法官

[教材原句]Your speech was heard by a group of five judges,_all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. judge...from/by...从……来判断 必会 as far as I can judge据我判断；我认为 judging by/from从……上看；根据……判断 拓展 judgement n. 判断；审判；意见；判断力 in one's judgement 依某人看来，按某人的看法 (2012·全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.

[名师点拨]

judging from/by用在句首时，为一个成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。

[即景活用]

用judge的适当形式及相关短语完成小片段

________ what he said, he must be an honest man. On the contrary, he often robs and steals, so the ________ pointed out that we shouldn't ________ a man ________ his looks.

常 考 短 语

1.think little/nothing of以为……没什么了不起；对……满不在乎；轻视；忽视 [教材原句]But the one million people of the city, who thought_little_of these events, were asleep as usual that night.(P26) 必会 think much/highly/well of重视；看重；对……高度评价 be well/highly thought of被……高度评价 [方法规律]和think little of...类似的还有think ill(badly，nothing) of...。

Mr. Zhang thinks_much_of his work, but thinks little of money, so he_is_well_thought_of. [即景活用]

①I gave him some advice, but he ________. 我给他提了几条建议，但他根本不理会。

②His film is sure to win the award because it ________ by most people. 他的电影一定能获奖，因为它得到了大多数人的好评。 2．at an end结束；终结

[教材原句]It seemed as if the world was at_an_end！(P26) 好像世界末日到了。

(2012·广东阅读A)As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at_an_end. at the end of在……尽头，在……末端 必会 by the end of...到……结束时，到……时候为止(与完成时连用) in the end最后，终于 come to an end结束 put/bring sth. to an end结束…… 拓展 make (both) ends meet使收支相抵，量入为出；靠微薄收入为生 end up结束，告终 [方法规律]at an end后不可接of；at the end of中的of不可省略，后面既可接时间名词，也可接地点名词；by the end of后面接表示时间的名词，谓语要与完成时连用：by the end of＋过去时间，谓语用过去完成时；by the end of＋将来时间，谓语用将来完成时。

①By_the_end_of last year, he had_learned two thousand English words. ②They decided to put_an_end_to the quarrel.

③At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended_up apologizing. [即景活用] 语法填空

①Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end________ sweet

dreams.

②He's going to relax with friends once the exams are ________an end and he has exciting plans for the summer holidays.

3．a (great) number of许多；大量的

[教材原句]Such a_great_number_of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping.(P27)

①We received a_good_many offers of support.

②He said the police had found huge quantities_of explosives during the search operation.

[名师点拨]

①the number of意为“……的数量”，其后接名词的复数或具有复数意义的名词。用作主语时，谓语动词一般要用单数形式。

②a great/large quantity of...作主语时，谓语动词用单数；large quantities of...作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

[即景活用]

①Large quantities of polluted water ________ (pour) into the river. 大量的污水已被倾注到河里。

②Now ________ ________ ________ college graduates are seeking to get a high-paid job. But ________ ________ ________ posts available for them is often not enough.

现在，很多大学毕业生都想谋求高工资的工作。但是提供给他们的职位数量通常不足。

必 备 句 型

1.too...to...结构

[教材原句]In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were

too_nervous_to_eat.(P26)

[句式分析]句中too nervous to eat属于too...to...结构，意为：如此……以至于不……。 It's too_good_an_opportunity to miss. [方法规律](1)too...to...与not或never连用时，不定式为肯定意义。not/never too...to...意为“无论……也不过分，越……越好”。

It's never_too careful to cross the road. (2)当too...to...用来修饰表示态度、情绪、倾向等的形容词(如anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，ready，willing)时，不定式为肯定意义。

He is too_willing to follow others' advice. [即景活用] 句型转换

I was so short that I can't reach the apple on the tree.

→I was ________ ________ ________ ________ the apple on the tree. 2．“It seems that/as if＋句子”句式

[教材原句]It seemed as_if the world was at an end！(P26)

[句式分析]as if＝as though“好像，好像”，在句中引导表语从句。

[方法规律](1)如果所引导的从句表示的情况是真实的或是极有可能发生的情况时，句子要用陈述语气。

(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。 若表示与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词用过去式，be动词通常用were；表示与过去事实相反的情况，用had＋过去分词；表示与将来事实相反，则用would＋动词原则。

①It looks as_if it is going to snow.

②When a pencil is partly put into a glass of water, it looks as_if it were broken. [即景活用]

①He kept working as if nothing ________ ________. 他继续工作，仿佛什么都没有发生似的。

②(2012·北京改编)Don't handle the vase as if it ________(be) made of steel. 3．部分否定和全部否定结构 [教材原句]All hope was not lost.(P26)

[句式分析]该句是表示部分否定的句型。all...not...＝not all...，意为“并非所有的……都……”。

[方法规律](1)当not与all，both，complete，each，every，everyone，everything，whole等具有全部意义的不定代词或形容词连用时，无论not的位置如何，皆表示不完全否定，意为“并非都”。

(2)no，none，no one，neither，nothing，nowhere等表示完全否定。

①All the students did not go to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”．＝Not_all_the_students went to see the movie “Under the Hawthorn Tree”．

②Every boy is not interested in sports.＝Not_every_boy is interested in sports. ③Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Great Wall. [即景活用]

①Not all my friends smoke.(句型转换) ＝________ my friends ________ smoke. ②Everyone is not here.(句型转换) ＝________ ________ is here.

③(2013·长春一模)—________ was not careful enough in the test. —I agree with you. Bob, for example, is always a careless boy.

④Swimming is my favorite sport. There is ________ like swimming as a means of keeping fit.

4．“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构

[教材原句]Thousands of families were killed and many children were left_without_parents.(P26)

成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。 现在分词



[方法规律]leave＋sb./sth.＋宾补过去分词

不定式

介词短语形容词副词

①It's wrong of you to leave the machine running.

②The guests left most of the dishes untouched,_because they didn't taste delicious. [即景活用]

①We hurriedly ended our meeting, ________ (leave) many problems ________ (settle)． 我们匆匆地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。

②(2012·天津改编)He got up late and hurried to his office, ________(leave) the breakfast untouched.

单元语法

语 法 专 供

定语从句(Ⅰ)

1．定语从句是修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that，as等；关系副词有when，where，why等。定语从句可分为性定语从句(起范围作用)和非性定语从句(起解释说明作用)。

2．关系词通常有下列三个作用：

①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在定语从句中充当一个成分。 3．关系代词的用法：

(1)who指人，在定语从句中作主语。

We are going to read a poem by Du Fu, who was one of the greatest poets of the Tang Dynasty.

特别提醒

适合用who而不用that指人的情况：

①先行词是one，ones，anyone，those等指人的不定代词。 One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. ②先行词后有后置定语。

I'm writing to a friend in England who is studying in Oxford University. ③在there be结构中。

There are many young people who like his song very much.

④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that，为避免重复另一个宜用who。 The girl that you met yesterday is an English teacher who teaches well. (2)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。

The artist (whom) we have just met is said to be good at painting tigers. 特别提醒

关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替，也可省略。但如果作介词的宾语且介词提至定语从句之前，此时只能用whom；如果介词在定语从句中，两者都可以用。

(3)whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。 I visited a lady whose novels are popular with us.

I once lived in the house whose windows were very beautiful. 用法拓展

whose指物时，常用“名词＋介词＋which”的形式来代替： Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?

(4)that既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。不能引导非性定语从句。

Who is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

Yesterday I received an invitation that/which came from France. 特别提醒

只能用that作关系代词的情况： ①先行词既有人又有物。

Do you know the things and the people that I have learned?

②先行词是something，everything，nothing，anything，none等不定代词。 Everything that he has done is in vain. ③先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the worst that I have met.

This is the best composition that I have written. ④先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。

When people talk about the cities of China, the first that comes to mind is Beijing. He is the second student that passes the exam.

⑤先行词是all，much，little，few或被all，much，little，few以及the only，the very，the right，any，every，some，no，none of等词或短语修饰。

All that I can do for her is to cry with her.

The only thing that matters is to find our way home.

⑥定语从句中套有另一个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which。 He visited a factory which produced things that sold well. ⑦主句已有疑问词who/which。

Who is the man that was talking to you just now?

Which is the book that you like?

⑧先行词在定语从句中作表语，无论指人还是指物，都用that。 He is not the naughty boy that he was in the past.

(5)which指物，可引导性或非性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在定语从句中作宾语时常可省略。

The house which is by the lake looks nice. It is the book (which) I bought at the bookstore.

She has given me a beautiful card, which I'm using as a bookmark. (6)as

①关系代词as既可以引导性定语从句，也可以引导非性定语从句，as在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。as引导性定语从句，常用下列句式：

such＋名词＋as...“像……一样的；像……之类”a. the same＋名词＋as...“和……同样的”

We have found such materials as are used in their factory.(as作主语) b．...such as...

such为代词，意为“这样的人或物”，as引导定语从句、修饰先行词such。 This book is not such as I expect.(as作宾语)

②as也可代替整个句子的内容，置于主句前面或后面。

As you know, that dictionary was written chiefly for Chinese students. Her performance was wonderful, as we had expected.

强 化 训 练

语法填空

1．In spite of all ________ has been said, quite a lot of people are still uncertain about the prices of housing in China.

2．—Are you going somewhere during the winter vacation?

—Yes, I've found a nice beach ________ I can enjoy swimming even in February. 3．Sarah Brightman, ________ will fly to space in 2015, is the first woman to fly there in the field of music.

4．The old lady, all of ________ children had been killed in the earthquake, was given help by the local government.

5．(2013·福建四地六校联考改编)I'll never forget the days ________ I learn hard in my senior high school, ________ changed my whole life.