剑桥少儿英语动词过去式过去分词表

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剑桥少儿英语三级不规则动词表及被动语态

动词原形 hit read put cut sit have get stand write take see fall be sing begin drink swim go do draw give ride eat

过去式 hit read put cut sat had got stood wrote took saw fell

was/were sang began drank swam went did drew gave rode ate

过去分词 hit read put cut sat had got stood written taken seen fallen been sung begun drunk swum gone done drawn given ridden eaten

被动语态

动词原形 send learn sell feel make hurt buy catch find mean say sleep spell think come run know fly

throw wear choose set cost 过去式 sent learnt sold felt made hurt bought caught found meant said slept spelt

thought came ran knew flew threw wore chose set cost 过去分词 sent learnt sold felt made hurt bought caught found meant said slept spelt

thought come run

known flown thrown worn chosen set cost

一、语态概述

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。

例如：Many people speak English.

谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。

主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就 是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。

例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)

The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)

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二、被动语态的构成

被动语态由“助动词 be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。现以 teach 为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。

一般现在时：am／is／are＋ved

一般过去时：was／were＋ved 一般将来时：will／shall be＋ved

现在进行时：am／is／are being＋ved 现在完成时：have／has been＋ved

歌诀是：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。

三、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。

例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；

动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。

四、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。 (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.

The bikes are ma

in the factory.

They make the bikes in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。

五、含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍 要保留。

歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加 be 加“过分”，原来带 to 要保留。例如： We can repair this watch in two days