第5讲 代词
1、人称代词:表示“我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们”的词。 主格 宾格 我 I me 你 you you 他 he him 她 she her 它 it it 我们 we us 你们 you you 他们 they them ①主格一般用在句子开头做主语,通常用在动词前。 e.g. I am a student. They are cleaning the classroom. ②宾格可以用来表示动作行为的对象,一般用在动词和介词后面。 e.g. Ask her, please. Listen to me carefully.
2、物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。 形容词性 我的 my 你的 your yours 他的 his his 她的 her hers 它的 我们的 its its our ours 你们的 your yours 他们的 their theirs 名 词 性 mine ①形容词性物主代词后面一般要带上名词。如:my watch, his cousin, our school ②名词性物主代词本身就可以看作是名词,故其后不能再加名词,可单独使用。 e.g. —Is that your bike? —No. Mine is blue.
3、不定代词:没有明确指定代替某个(些)人或物的词叫不定代词。 (1)some和any
都表示“一些”,既可以修饰可数名词,也可以修饰不可数名词。 ① some多用在肯定句中,any多用在否定句和疑问句中。 e.g. There are some flowers in the garden. (肯定句)
There isn’t any milk in the fridge. (否定句) Do you have any hobbies? (疑问句)
② 在表示邀请和希望对方给予肯定回答的疑问句中也要用some。 e.g. —Would you like some coffee? —Yes, please. (邀请)
—Mum, can I have some peaches? —Sure.(希望对方给予肯定回答)
(2)both和all
① both表示“两个都……”,只指代或修饰可数名词。 e.g. We are both policemen.(强调两人)
② all表示“三个或三个以上都……”,既可指代或修饰可数名词,也可指代或修饰不可数名词。 e.g. They are all in the room.(至少三人)
(3)many和much都表示“许多”,many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词。
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e.g. My uncle has many stamps. There is much tea in the cup.
(4)each和every
each强调个人,指两个或两个以上的人或事物中的“每个”;every是指许多人或事物的“全体”,与all的意思相近。
e.g. I’ll buy a present for each of her parents. 我要为她的父母每人买一件礼物。 Every book in his study is interesting. 他书房里的每本书都很有趣。
(5)other 作形容词时意思是“其他的”,指尚未提到的部分,其后一般接复数名词。 e.g. We study Chinese, English, Maths and other subjects.
(6)something和everything
① something 某事;某物 e.g. I want something to drink.
② everything 一切事物;每样事物 e.g. Tell me everything about you.
(7)nobody 没有人 e.g. She likes nobody and nobody likes her.
4、疑问代词:用来表达疑问或构成疑问句的代词,一般放在疑问句的句首。 what What colour what day what date what shape what…job what time when which where who whose why how how many how much how old how far how about 问什么 问颜色 问星期 问日期 问形状 问工作 问时间 问时候 问哪个 问地点 问谁 问谁的 问原因 问方式 问数量 问价钱 问年龄 问距离 问情况 —What’s your name? —My name is Tom. —What colour is your coat? —It’s red. —What day is it today? —It’s Monday. —What date is it today? —It’s the first of June. —What shape is the moon? —It’s round. —What’s your father’s job? —He’s a bus driver. —What time is it? —It’s ten o’clock. —When is your birthday? —It’s on the first of May. —Which is your watch, this one or that one? —That one. —Where is my pen? —It’s on the floor. —Who is the boy with big eyes? —He’s Liu Tao. —Whose bag is this? —It’s Helen’s. —Why are you absent today? —I’m ill. —How do you go to school? —By bus. —How many books are there? —There are five. —How much is it? —Twenty yuan. —How old are you? —I’m twelve. —How far is it from here? —It’s about one kilometer. —I’m thirsty. How about you? —Me, too. 5、指示代词 ① this(这个)、these(这些)表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物。 ② that(那个)、those(那些)表示在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。
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第9讲 数词
1、基数词:表示数目多少。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred 注意:数字“0”可以读作“zero”,也可以读作字母“o”。 2、序数词:表示顺序先后。 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth 21st 22nd 30th 40th 50th 60th 70th 80th 90th twenty-first twenty-second thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth 100th hundredth 基数词变序数词记忆口诀: 一、二、三,需要记,八去t,九省e,ve结尾时,f来代替, ty结尾时,y变ie,再加th,若是几十几,前基后序别忘记。 序数词的构成及其说明
1)序数词第一、第二和第三为first, second和third,其他序列数词的构成是在基数词后加-th。例如:six→sixth seven→seventh ten→tenth four→fourth
2)fifth(第五)、eighth(第八)、ninth(第九)和twelfth(第十二)在拼法上有变化。 3)二十、三十等基数词变为序数词时,要把y变成ie再加-th。例如: twenty→twentieth[5twentiiW]
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forty→fortieth[fC:tiiW]
4)基数词几十几变成序数词时,表示几十的数词不变,只把表示几的基数词变成序数词。例如: twenty-one→twenty-first forty-five→forty-fifth
5)第一百、第一千、第一百万、第十亿都是在基数词后直接加-th构成。例如: 第一百→hundredth 第一千→thousandth 第一百万→millionth 第十亿→billionth
6)序数词的缩略形式是由阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母构成。例如: 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 21st, 32nd, 40th 序数词在句子中的应用
序数词在句中主要是充当定语,也可以作主语、表语、宾语,前面要加定冠词the。例如: The first time I came to China, I liked it very much.我第一次来中国,我就非常喜欢这个国家。 The first is always better than the second. 第一总是比第二好。
She will choose the third.她将选择第三。 基数词的构成及其说明
1)1~12是的单词。即:
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve 2)13~19,多数在末尾加-teen,但应注意13、15、18的拼写形式。例如: 13→thirteen 14→fourteen 15→fifteen
16→sixteen 17→seventeen 18→eighteen 19→nineteen
3)从20~90整十位数,多数在词尾加-ty,但要注意20、30、40、50和80的拼法。例如: 20→twenty 30→thirty 40→forty 50→fifty 60→sixty 70→seventy 80→eighty 90→ninety
4)21~99是由几十和几合起来构成,中间加连字符(-)。例如: 21→twenty-one 32→thirty-two 55→fifty-five 74→seventy-four 86→eighty-six 99→ninety-nine
5)101~999等三位数中,十位数或个位数的前面加and。例如:
101→a(one)hundred and one 230→two hundred and thirty 513→five hundred and thirteen 678→six hundred and seventy 999→nine hundred and ninety-nine hundred, thousand, million与of连用
数词hundred, thousand, million等的前面有其他数词,用作确定的数目时,不用复数形式。例如:
three thousand三千(不能说:three thousands) five hundred五百(不能说:five hundreds)
但是当hundred, thousand, million在用作不确定的数目时,则需用复数形式,并且往往后接of。例如:
hundreds of people几百人
hundreds of thousands of people几十万人 millions of the locusts千百万只蝗虫 巧学巧用
有hundred等数词,有s时有of, 没有s没of;数词前面加,没有s没of;前面无数词,有s也有of。
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