句子种类：
按句子的用途可分四种：
1） 陈述句（肯定句、否定句）：He is a lovely boy. She didn ' Work hard before.
2） 疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句 ）：Do you like skating? How much is it? Is he six or seven years old? Lucy can play the piano
3） 祈使句：Be on time, please! Don ' t arrive late for school!
4） 感叹句：How hard-working they are! What a nice girl she is! How time flies!
, can ' t she?
按句子的结构可分三种： 1） 简单句：只有一个主语（或并歹0主语）和一个谓语（或并歹0谓语）。 He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys.
一主语，一谓语 并歹U主语，一十胃语
——主语，并歹皿胃语
）
She likes writing and often writes articles for newspapers.
简单句的五种基本句型（其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。 ① 主谓:He left.
② 主谓宾:Henry bought a dictionary. ③ 主谓双宾：My father bought me a car. ④ 主谓宾补：Tom made the baby laugh. ⑤ 主系表:He is a student. 主语：句子说明的人或事物。 谓语：说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
表语：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
宾语：1.动作的承受者一一动宾。2.介词后的名词、代词和动名词一一介宾。 补语：宾补，对宾语的补充。主补，对主语的补充。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词。 状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
2） 并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 You help him and he helps you.
并列句的分类
① 表并歹U。 常用连词有 and, not only -- but also …，neither • nor …,then 等。
The teacher ' s name is Smith, and the student ' s name is John. He could neither read nor write.
He not only studies hard, but also likes sports.
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② 表选择。常用连词有or, either - or •-•, otherwise 等。
Hurry up, or you ' ll miss the train.
Either you didn ' t understand this, or you were not careful
③ 表转折。常用连词有 but, still, however, yet, while, when 等。
He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. Tom was not there but his brother was (there). There was no news, nevertheless, she went on hoping.
④ 表因果，常用连词有so, for, therefore 等。
August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. He hurried, for it was getting dark.
He liked the book very much, so I gave it to him 3)
复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。包含：名词性从句 (主语从句、宾语从句、 表
语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。从句就是一个从句在主句中充当一个成分， 如主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。从句在句子中作什么成分就叫什么从句。
1. 主语从句 (1)
用作主语的从句叫作主语从句。
由what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导主语从句。
如：What she likes is watching the children play
Whatever you have heard must be kept secret Whoever fails to pass the exam will be dismissed (2) that 引导 It is tight that you told him the truth (3)
由连接副词 whether, when, how, where, why 引导主语从句。
如： Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery
Whether we can help you is a difficult question When the meeting will be held has not been decided (4)
主语从句后移
语较短时，常用代词作形
主语从句虽然可以放在谓语的前面，但是当主语从句较长而谓 式主语，而把主语从句放到句子后边。
如：It is uncertain whether he wants to go or not
It turned out true that he had done nothing wrong 2. (1)
表语从句 用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，通常由that, what, where, why, ho 等连接 词引导。
if, whether, that
引导表语从句，有时也用 as, because, as if, as though, lest 引导
It looks as if it
表语从句
如：The question is that we must be good at learning from others.
s going to rain
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（2） what, which, who
等连接代词。
如： That is what I want to tell you The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one
（3） how, when, where, why 等连接副词。
如：The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late 3.
宾语从句 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的 引导词
相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。
及物动词的宾语
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
短语动词的宾语
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
介词的宾语
I am interested in what she is doing.
否定的转移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
I don't believe she'll arrive before 8.
我相信她8点之前不会到。
4.
同位从句 一般跟在某些名词如 answer（答案）,hope（希望），fact（事实）,belief （信仰）, news
（辛肖息），idea（主意；观念），promise（ 承诺）,information（ 信息）,conclusion（ 结论）, order（命令）,suggestion（建议），problem（问题），thought （想法）等后面。
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist. He made a promise that he would never come late. He hasn ' t made the de cision whether he will go there. I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job. I have no idea what he is doing now. It ' s a question how he did it 5.
状语从句
① 地点状语从句。
地点状语从句通常由 where, wherever 引导。
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.
② 方式状语从句
方式状语从句通常由 as, (just) as •••so…,as if, as though 引导。
1) as, (just) as •••so …
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Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用 陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作 的\"，
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
\"仿佛……似的\"，\"好像……似
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 (与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。) ③ 原因状语从句
Because he is very hard-working, he passed the exam.
④ 目的状语从句
表示目的状语的从句可以由 that, so that, in order that, in case
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
等词引导：
⑤ 结果状语从句
结果状语从句常由so••- that或such -- that引导：
The boy is so young that he can't go to school. He is such a young boy that he can't go to school
⑥ 条件状语从句
连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述。 Let's go out for a walk unlessyou are too tired. If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
⑦ 让步状语从句
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
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Whether you believe it or not, it is true. No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.
⑧ 时间状语从句
由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。
1. 由 when, while, just, just as, as , after, before, since, until, as soon as 弓I导的时 问状语从句。 When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.（
当你以为
自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。）
You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.（
当你的手在空气中挥动
的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。）
Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.（ When she came in, I stopped eating.
我们的校长边谈边笑。 ）
她进来时，我停止吃饭。（瞬时动词）
While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. We always sing as we walk.
我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边 ..... 一边”）
当我们出门时，开始下雪了。
（as 强调句中两
As we were going out, it began to snow.
个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）
I didn't go to bed until （till ） my father came back.
直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。
直至 U 散会
It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.
之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back.
He will call you as soon as he arrives there. 2.
我工作到他回来为止。
由before 和after引导的时间状语从句。
他们要过四天才能回来。
我父亲恰好在信到之前去
It will be four days before they come back.
My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.
加拿大了。
After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.
你仔细考虑过以后, 告
诉我你是怎样决定的。
After we had finished the work, we went home.
完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用
过去完成时，主句用一般过去时）
3.
由by the time
引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，
如果主句的谓
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语动词用一般过去时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时， 句的谓语动词用将来完成时（主将从现）。
By the time you came back, I had finished this book.
从
到你回来时，我已经写完这本书
了。
By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.
你明天来这儿
的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。
4.由each time, every time 和 whenever 弓I导的时间状语从句。 Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. Whenever that man says
他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。
“To tell the truth ” , I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.
每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。
You grow younger every time I see you.
每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
ll be able to finish it.
练习1初中部分
1. Give me one more minute I A. and
B. or
C. if
D. so
2. It ' s the third time that John has been late,? A. hasn ' t he B. isn ' t he C. isn ' t it 3.
joyful he was to meet his brother again!
D. What an
B. shall we s serious, B. don ' t I
C. is he
D. isn t 'he
C. won t we D. will you
D. hasn ' t it
4. Let us pass,? A. shan ' t we 5. I suppose he A. do I
6. You had better not smoke here,? A. will you
B. had you
C. shall you
D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can you A. then
'll win the swimming competition. C. and
C. What a
D. or
B. but
B. What
A. How
8. I m sorry to have to say this,you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. and
B. but
C. so
D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and. A. Henry hasn ' t too B. Henry also has not either
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C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, others
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enjoy swimming.
A. or
B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out would you rather have dinner at home? ----I ' d like to go out.
12. ---- “is the temperature today? A. Which
B. How
A. or
B. and
C. but D. so
---- “It ' s 38 degrees.
C. How hot
----.
D. He is D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn ' t an eegh, is he? A. Yes, he isn ' t B. No, he isn ' t C. No, he is 14.
friendly to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early,she felt very tired. A. or
B. so
C. for
D. yet
16. Mother a dress when she cut her finger. A. was making
B. makes
C. is making
D. made
17. He lay in bed read something borrowed from library. A. but
B. and
C. or
D. yet
18. ---- I ' d really like some lunch but I have s o much work to do. ----what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me C. You will tell me D. If you tell me 19. As he is strong,can lift one hundred pounds. A. yet he
B. but he
C. and
D. he
' ve lost it.
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. A. since B. but 21. ______ down the radio ---- A. Turning 22. ---- I don
----I had, _ ___ I
C. because D. so
' s asleep in the next room.
the baby
B. To turn
't like chicken ________ fish.
C. Turned ----I don '
D. Turn
t like chicken ____ _ I like
fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
----I ' d like to, ______ _ I ' m too busy.
A. and
B. so
C. as
D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee shall we get down to business right away? A. and
B. then
C. or
D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark home an hour later.
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A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived
D. and arrived
26.
“ Can ' t you read? ” Mary said to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter,, in fact, I was talking about A. whom
B. where C. which
D. while
28. it with me and I
ll see what I can do.
my daughter.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today,? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you
C. didn ' t you D. don
' t you
30. him and then try to copy what he does. A. Mind
B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC
16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30
ADDBD
练习2高中部分
1. Excuse me for breaking in,I have some news for you. A. and B. yet C. so D. but 2. --- Don ' t you enjoy helping me?
A. Yes, I m afraid nBL. No, sure enough.
C. Yes, I do enjoy it. D. No, certainly I do
3. In Shenzhou VI, Chinese astronauts are not only spaceship drivers, machine repairers and scientists. A. so B. or C. and D. but
4. Some people waste a lot of food others in the world haven A. after B. when C. as D. while
5. Stop making so much noise the neighbor will start complaining. A. or else
B. but still C. and then
D. so that
6. Mr. Lee never said he hated school when he was a child,? A. was he
B. wasn
' t hC. did he
D. didn
' t he
7. There is no light or sound in the house. They must have gone to the cinema,?
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t enoi
A. didn
t he B. don ' t theyC. mustn ' t they D. haven ' t they 8. They were playing in the garden they heard a scream. A. while B. as C. until D. when
9. Mum, I ' reviewed my lessons for a whole day. Let me play the computer games for a little while,? A. shall I B. can I C. will you D. don ' t you 10.
some teenagers don ' t realize is difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
A. What; how B. That; how C. That; what D. What; what a
11.on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. If walking B. While walking C. Walking D. When one is walking
12.in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
13. These shoes look very good. I wonder.
A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost
14. Doris ' success lies in the fact she is co -operative and eager to learn from others.
A. which B. that C. when D. why
15.is often the case, he succeeded in this examination again. A. What B. So C. Which D. As
16. They are discussing in the next room will go to the conference on behalf of the manager.
A. however B. who C. what D. whomever
17. --- Was it under the tree you were away talking to a friend?
---Sure. But when I get back there, the car was gone. A. that B. where C. which D. while
18. They began to think about could be made of these valuable materials. A. how use B. full use C. better D. what use
19. A good ad often uses words people attach positive meanings. A. in which B. to whichC. which D. that
20. We can ' t bear the idea that some people might be better than us,hard we tried.
A. no matter B. however C. as D. what
21. It ' s believed that parks are to the city lungs are to the body.
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A. what B. like C. that D. which
22.our country has so many good table-tennis players, we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game.
A. Although B. Since C. If D. While
23. The Grand Theatre is located on one corner of is called the People
A. which B. what C. the place D. that 24.
much progress you can make in all your subjects in the future, you should keep modest.
A. However B. Whatever C. What D. How
25. The news Shenzhou-6 spaceship safely returned from space on October 17th, 2005 excited all the Chinese people.
A. which B. that C. / D. what 26.
the window, my finger was seriously cut.
A. Having cleaned B. To clean
C. While cleaning D. While I was cleaning
27. I ' d like to settle down somewhere the climate is mild an d the sun shines all year long.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
28. My grandpa sowed the flower seeds in the garden it was the best time for them to grow.
A. where B. when C. that D. until
29. They always give the vacant seats to comes first.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
30. I would appreciate it you can help me with my English this afternoon.
A. because B. until C. when D. if
31. I like to have my photos taken there are mountains and rivers.
A. there B. in which C. when D. where
32. Mr Hopkins has not yet answered my question I can go with him to he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.
A. that; which B. that; where C. whether; that D. whether; what
33. When Edison invented the light bulb, he tried over 2000 experiments he got it to work.
A. as B. after C. when D. before
34. I thought he was a warm-hearted and trustworthy person I met him. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 35. --- How do you find the new job?
---I don ' t care what it is I can make a living.
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A. unless B. even if C. while D. as long as
36. I was advised to arrange for insurance I needed medical treatment. A. nevertheless B. although C. in case D. so that 37. He never said that he was good at mathematics,? A. was he B. wasn ' t hC. did he D. didn ' t he
38. If you want help — money or anything, let me know,you? A. don ' t B. will C. shall D. do
39. --- I reminded you not to forget the appointment.
A. So you did B. So I do not C. So did you D. So do I 40.
and I ' ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour
41. A clean environment can help the city bid for the Olympics, which will promote its economic development. A. in nature B. in return C. in turn D. in fact 42. At the foot of the mountain. A. a village lie B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lying a village
43. Mrs Black doesn ' t beheve;on is able to design a digital camera,? A. is he B. isn ' t he C. doesn ' t she D. does she 44. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and. A. he ' d like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 45. An awful accident, however, occur the other day.
A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 46.
some of this juice — perhaps you ' ll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 47. T here aren ' t many cafes, and let
A. are there B. will you C. shall we D. don ' t you 48. Do you want to be a lot of trees around your cottage?
A. it B. there C. that D. one
49. --- The project wasn ' t difficaf him, was it?
---. He should have been given a more difficult one.
' s stop at the next place we see,
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A. No, it was B. Yes, it was C. Yes, it wasn D.'No, it wasn ' t 50.it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.
A. To believe
B. Believed C. Believing
D. Believe
51. The poor youngman is ready to accept help he can get.
A. whichever
B. however C. whatever
D. whenever
52. I ' d like to arrive 20 minutes early I can have time for a cup of tea.
A. as soon as
B. as a result C. in case
D. so that
53. It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year,for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.
A. that B. while C. which D. when
54. It is almost five years we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
55. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while
56. One advantage of playing the guitar is it can give you a great deal of pleasure.
A. how B. why C. that D. when
57.in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires
58. made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D. That; because
59. It was a matter of would take the position. A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
60., I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week. A. However the story is amusing B. No matter amusing the story is C. However amusing the story is D. No matter how the story is amusing
61. After seemed half an hour the teacher gave us the correct answer. A. that B. what C. which D. it 62. Without facts, a person can knowledge his thinking.
' t form a correct opinion, for he needs to have actual
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A. which to be based on B. on which to base C. which to be based D. which to base
63. Do you doubt he will help us if we are in trouble? A. that B. whether C. if D. the fact 64. The reason he didn late.
A. for which; because B. which; that C. why; that D. why; because
65. Mr. Smith is difficult to please. He shows no content with I do. A. what B. whatever C. which D. that
66. Word comes that free souvenirs will be given to comes first. A. no matter whom B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 67.
The whole country is going for economy, the importance is known to everybody now.
C. of which
D. of it
' t have breakfast this morning was he got up too
A. that B. which
68. What the teacher said would show you can be used in other conditions. A. how what you have observed B. that how you have observed C. how that you have observed D. that you have observed
69. The recent information has been put forward more high school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. as B. which C. while D. that
70. There are moments in life you miss someone so much that you just want to pick them up from dreams and hug them for real. A. where B. how C. why D. when
71. He us so easy-going a man everyone wants to work with. A. whom B. that C. as D. /
72. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old they swam in it. A. when B. that C. who D. where
73. There is not one of us wishes to help you. We are doing our best. A. who B. that C. as D. but 74. I think you
' ve got to the point a change is needed, or you would fail.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
75. They the habit of visiting old friends,I think is great. A. keep on; which C. keep on; as
B. keep up; which D. keep up; as
76. --- The weather isn ' t good enough for an outing, is it?
---Not in the leas t. We can ' t have at this time of the year.
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A. a nicer day B. a worse day C. a worst day D. so fine a day 77. The great trouble he show us how to run the machine him completely tired out.
A. took to; made B. takes to; make C. took; made D. take to; to make
78. I had not believed in falling in love with somebody at first sight I met David on Valentine ' s Day three years ago. A. when B. unless C. if D. before
79. Though in a big city, Bill always prefers to sing the songs of country life. A. bringing up B. grown C. raised D. keeping
80. A warning news report from Qatar announces that a group of Islam will continue to kill Americans wherever they are they leave the Arab world forever. A. even though
B. in case C. whenever D. until
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