对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院
2010-2011学年第二学期
跨文化交际导论(英) 复习大纲
课程名称: ENG338a【跨文化交际导论(英)】 考核方式: 开卷笔试[占总分的70%]
复习范围：以指定教材（第1-9章）为主，课件内容为辅。 试题形式：客观试题50 题，每题2分，题型共三种形式：
I. Definition Matching. Match the terms with their definitions. （给术语配对定义，10题，1题2分，共20分）
^
II． True-False. Circle A if the statement is true; circle B if it is false. （判断各句是否正确，20题，1题2分， 共40分）
III. Multiple Choice. Circle the letter corresponding to the correct response. （在所给的4个选项中选择一个最恰当的答案，20题，1题2分， 共40分）
复习方法：
认真学习指定教材，结合课件的教学内容，全面复习，从总体上掌握这门跨学科课程的特点；
理解各讲中的主要教学内容，即每讲开始前的Learning Objectives，不要死记硬背，重理解、勤思考、细观察，从跨文化交际的角度对文化差异进行分析、记忆、总结；
要力图将跨文化交际理论与交往实践相结合，将西方文化交际的理论与实践与中国的本土文化相结合，通过大量真实生动的交际的成败案例的学习，提高分析问题和解决问题的能力；
参考指定教材各章后的练习以及书后附的两套模拟自测题，术语定义配对题、是非题和多项选择题可帮助复习检验对所学内容熟悉的掌握程度，熟悉客观题型，问答题和案例有助于进一步理解。
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跨文化交际导论课程期末考试模拟题 （红色答案来自答疑系统，供参考）
Ⅰ. Match the following terms with their definition. （20%）
1. the study of the way that people use physical space to convey messages. C 2. the way in which time is used in a culture. A 3. the actual practice of concepts or beliefs. B 4. ~
5.
the total activity of learning one's culture. D
6. social principles, goals, or standards accepted by persons in a culture. E A. Temporal language/ chronemics B. Behavior communication C. Spatial language/proxemics D. Enculturation E. Values
@
6. between nations and governments rather than individuals A
7. perceptions about certain groups of people or nationalities C
8. a learned organization of rules for making choices and for solving conflicts
D
9. volume, pitch, and rate that affects message meaning E
10. the idea that every act of communication must happen in some sort of surroundings
B
A. international B. context C. value D. ）
E.
stereotypes
F. paralanguage
Ⅱ.True or False
Mark A if the statement is true; mark B if it is false.
11. When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that
discussing one's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B
12. Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding
words and sentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A 13. Since all cultures share the same basic values, cultures attach the same meanings
to these basic values. B 14. ,
15.
Primary values are the most important. A
16. Some countries officially recognize religious rituals that affect business
encounters. A
17. People in the United States place a greater emphasis on history and do not like
change as compared with people of Asian and Latin cultures. B
18. The behavior of John lying in bed and reading a novel is a two-way contact. B 19. Linear Model is one of the earliest and still the most useful attempts to describe
the communication process A
20. International communication takes place between such groups as African
Americans and Latin Americans. B
21. Intercultural communication as a discipline was not established in U.S. until
the 1980s. B
22. Without the cultural rules people also can behave properly. B 23. ）
24.
Culture is not something we are born with, but rather it is learned. A
25. Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of any
culture. B
26. In Germany, business gifts are usually exchanged at the beginning of formal
negotiations. B
27. New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in
the global economic arena have increased globalization. A 28. No country is completely self-sufficient. A
29. All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which the politeness
is achieved may vary significantly. A
30. International English is used only by businesspeople who practice English as
a second language. B
31. International communication takes place between such groups as African
Americans and Latin Americans. B 32. $
33.
The process of learning culture is always conscious. B
34. Ethnocentrism leads to a objective evaluation of how another culture conducts
its daily business. A
35. The hierarchy is a theory has not been proven applicable to all the countries.
A
36. Cultures may differ, but communication practices do not differ. B 37. Culture is ongoing and subject to change. A
38. The term “co-cultures” suggests the inequality between groups. B 39. Chinese is an example of linear language. A
40. Communication barriers are caused by the same communication having different
meanings in different cultures. A 41. \"
42.
New and improved technology, growth in the world’s population, and shifts in the global economic arena have increased globalization. A
43. Power distance in the United States is comparatively high. B
44. Pragmatic failure is the inability to understand what is meant by what is said.
A
motivate people. A
are the same thing as values. A
, with the spread of technology everyone will have the same values. B
order to understand a culture's values, you need only to learn the \"do's and taboos\" of behavior in that culture. A
class is unimportant in negotiator selection. B
。
46. Relationship building is important in Arab and Latin America. A
47. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed
through material possessions. B 48. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their own culture through what is said and done. B
48. Consumers in high uncertainty avoidance cultures tend to perceive little or no risk in the purchase of new products.
49. Intercultural communication competence requires sufficient awareness, knowledge, motivations, and skills. A
50. Values are enduring attitudes about the preferability of one belief over another. 51. Cultures are so different that we will never be able to communicate successfully. B
52. Transference of pragmatic rules refers to the transference of corresponding
words and sentence structure from mother tongue to target language. A ? 53. Today intercultural communication encounters are different from encounters of the past. A
54. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and past events, but they may not feel that this distinction is important enough to create a system of verb tense. A 55. Kisses and hugs are not appropriate greeting behavior between males of any culture. B
56. Values are learned; they are not innate. A
57. Long-term-oriented cultures are characterized by patience, perseverance,
and respect for one’s elders and ancestors. A
58. Nonverbal aspects are very important in low-context cultures. A 59. When engaging in small talk with a person of another culture, remember that
discussing one's family and political discussions are inappropriate topics in all cultures. B
60. Chinese is an example of a linear language. A #
61. Language serves as the only guide to how a culture perceives reality. B
61. All languages can, in their own way, distinguish between present and past events,
but they may not feel that this distinction is important enough to create
a system of verb tense. A
62. Globalization is the ability of a corporation to take a product and market it
anywhere in the world. A
63. In order for intercultural negotiation to be successful, the parties must provide
for a win-lose situation. B
64. In some countries, using gifts to assure success in sealing an agreement is an
accepted way of doing business. A
65. As they become globalized, companies will have to train their work forces to deal with multiculturality. A
66. People from countries with strong uncertainty avoidance are more likely to remain
close friends in spite of differing opinions. A
66. Even if the language is common to both cultures, one culture may restrict the meaning of certain words. A
[
67. In their business letters, the French do not usually apologize for mistakes.
B
68. Achievement in countries with high masculinity scores is expressed
through material possessions. B 69. Acculturation is the socialization process of how people learn their
own culture through what is said and done. B
70. In the Japanese society, knowing the rank of people with whom you conduct business
is very important. A
、
Ⅲ. Multiple Choices |
Mark the letter corresponding to the correct response.
1. What country ranks the lowest on individualism C
A. Australia B. Canada C. Guatemala D. United States
of which attitude feel that self-interest is an appropriate goal
A. Uncertainty-reduction B. Attribution C. Individualism D. Collectivism 3. Language is important because it A
A. ^
B.
helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how we perceive others.
B. allows us to be understood by foreigners. C. is determined by colonialism.
D. is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.
4. Which of the following countries uses high-context language C
A. Canada B. Germany C. Japan D. United States
~
5. Which one of the following statements is not among the functions of culture offered by Dressler and Carns C
A. Culture makes it possible to anticipate how others in our society are likely
to respond to our actions.
B. Culture enables us to communicate with others through a language that we
have learned and that we share in common.
C. Culture leads to better understanding in business.
D. Culture provides the knowledge and skill necessary for meeting sustenance
needs.
6. Culture can be classified in all the following ways except B
a) Artifact, concepts and behavior b) Positive culture and negative culture c) $
d)
A level of values and a level of resultant behaviour or artifacts of some
form
e) An invisible level and a visible level
7. \"The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect in
the button causing it not to fit into the chassis.\" This statement is an example of a D
A. linear explanation. B. verbose explanation. C. nonlinear explanation. D. why explanation.
8. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem D
A. {
B.
Using the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the
translation.
C. Qualifying slang terms.
D. Not translating conversation taboos.
E. Using a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the second
language.
of the following greeting way is somewhat unique to Chinese B
A. Giving regards to others. B. Commenting on something. C. Using address forms as greeting.
!
D. Using nonverbal forms as greeting.
styles of paragraph development for oriental countries could be described as D
A. a vertical straight line. B. zigzagged lines. C. a circular, spiral line
D. a digressive, back-and-forth zigzag.
11. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect C
…
A. Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning.
B. Thought patterns impact oral communication.
C. When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts
and goes to generalizations.
D. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with
different cultures.
12. Which statement is incorrect B
A. Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of
another culture's nonverbal communication patterns.
B. Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures. C. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages in
intercultural encounters.
…
D. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the
behavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.
of which type of society believe their truth is the only truth A. Individualistic
B. Strong-uncertainty avoidance C. Collectivistic
D. Weak-uncertainty avoidance
we are willing to die for and what we deem worthy of protection is determined by our ___ B A. belief system B.
C.
\"
value system
D. attitude processes E. social organizations 15. Slang is generally D
A. understood by everyone. B. spoken by the masses. C. easily translated. D. used by subgroups.
|
16. Nonverbal communication does not include
A. chromatics. B. chronemics.
C. haptics. D. semantics.
17. As a result of globalization, new issues facing corporations include
A. cultural differences in work ethics
B. stereotyping by members of international teams C. personnel who are overqualified for overseas positions D. a & b
—
18. The classic The Silent Language published in 1959, was written by
A. Kluckhohn B. Benedict C. Mead D. Edward Hall
19. Which of the following has occurred due to advances in technology
A. People are beginning to spend more time with family members. B. The number of relationships we have with people have decreased. C. #
D.
People have more frequent contact with people from other cultures.
E. People are gaining a clearer sense of who they really are.
20. It is important to study intercultural communication because A. it is a necessary and worthwhile pursuit. B. most people are more alike than they realize. C. cultural differences bring people together. D. intercultural communication is subjective. 21. ______ are the most important. A
$
A. Primary values B. Secondary values C. Tertiary values D. None of the above
22. In cultures that tend toward individualism, what aspects are encouraged D
A. competition B. personal goals C. individual rights D.
E.
?
all of the above
23. We learn culture D
A. from folk tales, legends and myths B. in conscious or unconscious ways C. through art and mass media D. all of the above
24. Which statement least represents U.S. values C A. . Americans value directness over indirectness.
?
B. . Americans value time management over leisure.
C. . Americans value history over planning for the future. Americans value equality over inequality.
25. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance
A. One group's truth should not be imposed on others. B. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends. C. Citizen protest should be repressed.
D. Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people
|
26. Which time orientation is held by cultures that value living and realizing the
potential of today C
A. past orientation to time B. immutable orientation to time C. present orientation to time D. mutable orientation to time
27. Which of the following value orientations emerged from the Chinese research team
A. long-term versus short-term orientation B. masculinity/femininity orientation C.
D.
@
preferred form of activity orientation
E. uncertainty avoidance orientation 28. The notions of masculinity and femininity
A. are universal for every culture across time. B. are not just based on biological differences. C. have not changed through the ages.
D. have well-established and understood meanings.
29. From what areas of the world do most of today's immigrants to the United States come A.
B.
(
Asia and Latin America
C. Mexico and Eastern Europe D. Haiti and China
E. Eastern Europe and the Middle East
30. The China Association for Intercultural Communication is held ______.
A. once a year B. every two years C. every three years
、
D. every four years
31. Who of the following would feel most comfortable with silence during a
conversation A manager from _____. C E. the United States F. Germany G. Great Britain H. Japan
32 Which statement related to work attitudes is incorrect A
A. U.S. attitudes toward work are more relaxed than those in Europe. B. @
C.
In the United States, hard work is applauded and often rewarded.
D. The Japanese attitude toward work is very group-oriented.
E. In the United States, the attitude toward work is ingrained from an early
age.
33. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect D
A. The structure of a language affects the perceptions of reality of its speakers B. The structure of a language influences thought patterns and worldviews of its
speakers
C. Language functions as a way of shaping one’s experience
D. There is a general agreement concerning the validity of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
。
34. Which statement is incorrect D
A. Language is a reflection of the environment B. Language is reflection of cultural values
C. Language is a reflection of culture, and culture is a reflection of language. D. A good mastering of a foreign language equals a complete understanding of its culture.
35. Which statement referring to thought patterns is incorrect C
a. b.
}
Asians typically use the inductive method of reasoning. Thought patterns impact oral communication.
When using the deductive method of reasoning, one starts with the facts and goes to generalizations.
c.
d. Recognizing different thought patterns is important in negotiation with different cultures.
36. Which statement is incorrect B
a.
Costly business blunders are often the result of a lack of knowledge of another culture's nonverbal communication patterns.
b.
Processes of reasoning and problem solving are the same in all cultures.
c. Attitudes toward time and use of space convey nonverbal messages in
intercultural encounters.
d. When in another culture, an appropriate caution would be to watch the
@
behavior of the persons you are talking with and match their style.
37. Language is important because it A
a.
helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how we perceive others. b. c. d.
allows us to be understood by foreigners. is determined by colonialism.
is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.
38. Which of the following countries uses high-context language D
B.
C.
)
Canada
Germany Japan United States
D. E. F.
39. Slang is generally H
E. F. G. H.
I.
understood by everyone. spoken by the masses. easily translated.
]
used by subgroups.
40. General guidelines to follow when conversing with someone from another culture include all of the following except: c
41.
）
a. b. c. d.
politics is a safe topic in most cultures. avoid telling jokes. avoid personal questions. keep the conversation positive.
Which statement best describes an incorrect handshake c a.
In the U.S., a handshake should be firm.
b. c.
An Asian handshake is usually gentle.
Germans repeat a brusque handshake upon arrival and departure.
d. A British handshake is firm and repeated frequently.
42. Language is important because it e
e. helps us shape concepts, controls how we think, and controls how we perceive others.
f. g.
h.
allows us to be understood by foreigners.
]
is determined by colonialism.
is stable, easily understood, and free of diversity.
i.
43. Which of the following countries uses high-context language H
G. H. I. J.
Canada Germany Japan United States
44. Slang is generally L
J. K. L. M.
understood by everyone. spoken by the masses. easily translated. used by subgroups.
45. Nonverbal communication does not include
a. b. c.
chromatics. chronemics. haptics.
d. semantics.
46. \"The part was found defective, and it was determined that there is a defect
in the button causing it not to fit into the chassis.\" This statement is an example of a H E. F. G. H.
linear explanation. verbose explanation. nonlinear explanation. why explanation.
47. Which of the following would be an example of a translation problem H
F.
Using the intention of the speaker rather than the actual words in the translation. G. H. I.
Qualifying slang terms.
Not translating conversation taboos.
Using a word for which no exact word or concept is available in the second language.
48. Which statement highlights weak uncertainty avoidance
a. b. c. d.
One group's truth should not be imposed on others. Scientific opponents cannot be personal friends. Citizen protest should be repressed.
Negative attitudes are expressed toward young people.
49. The main idea of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis is that
a. b. c.
language is just a device for reporting a person's experience. two languages can represent the same social reality.
the social reality can be conveyed to a person who does not speak the language. d.
language functions as a way of shaping a person's experience.
50. Many multinational firms find that cultural shock can be alleviated by D
a. b. c. d.
sending only top executives abroad.
sending only young, single associates on overseas assignments. testing associates to see who is most qualified.
selecting employees for overseas assignments who possess certain personal and professional qualifications.
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