北师大高中英语必修三教学案：Unit9 Wheels-语法篇(教师)

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1、掌握过去完成进行时的用法。

2、掌握现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别。

一. 现在完成进行时

1. 构成：现在完成进行时由“have/has been + 动词的现在分词”构成，第三人称单数用has，其他各种人称用have。 2. 用法：

①表示动作从过去某时开始并且一直持续到现在，并由可能持续下去。

这个动作可能刚停止，也可能仍继续进行下去，常与延续性动词连用，并常带有表示动作起讫时间的状语，如since last week, since 1992等或由since引导的时间状语从句；也可以带有时间表示时间长度的状语，如for an hour, for a few days, these days等。

I have been watching TV the whole evening. 我整个晚上一直在看电视。

Tom has been working hard since the new term began. 自从新学期开始，汤姆一直在努力学习。 ②表示到目前为止的一段时间内动作时断时续、反复发生。

You have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。 ③表示动作刚刚结束，一般不再继续，有时会指出结果。

I have been playing ping-pong all the morning, so I'm sweating. 整个上午我一直在打乒乓球，所以浑身是汗。

I've been painting the door, so my hands are dirty. 我一直在漆门，所以手很脏。 ④表示某种感情色彩。

You have been deceiving me. 你一直在骗我。 误区警示：

①某些不能用于进行时态的动词同样不能用于现在完成进行时，但可以用于现在完成时，如：see, hear, know, like等。

②现在完成进行时多用延续性动词

③瞬间性动词（词组）go, get up, come, marry, finish等不能用于现在完成进行时。 二. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成进行时是兼有现在完成时和现在进行时二者基本特点的时态。由于它有现在完成时的特点，所以它可以表示某一动作对现在产生的结果或影响，由于它由现在进行时的特点，所以它也可以表示某一动作的延续性、临时性、重复性、生动性乃至感情色彩。 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别如下：

时态 现在完成进行时 基本语法功能 强调动作的持续 动作的反复 可表示动作的反复 感情色彩 可表示强烈的感情色彩 现在完成时 强调动作对现在的影响或产生的结果 试比较：

①He has written a letter. 他写了一封信。（信已写好）

He has been writing a letter. 他一直在写一封信。（一直在写信，尚未写好） ②Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？（不表示反复） Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？（表示反复） ③I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（表示事实） I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满）

例1. The manager _ ____ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am. A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told

解析：句意：经理从上午十点开始就一直在告诉工人们如何改善这个项目。考查动词的时态。本题的关键信息词是“since 9 am”。since引导的时间状语多与完成时连用，而且此句强调从上午九点开始到现在，经理“一直”在说，符合现在完成进行时的语法规则。 答案：C。

例 2. The girl has a great interest in sport and ___ __ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. A. took B. is taking C. takes

不表示动作的反复 一般不表示感情色彩 D. has been taking

解析：句意：这个女生酷爱运动，在过去的三年里每周上两次羽毛球课。考查动词时态。over the last three years表示“在过去的三年里”，常与现在完成（进行）时连用，强调反复的不间断动作。 答案：D。

例3.---I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? ---Sorry, I __ __ the piano for years. A. don't play B. wasn't playing C. haven't played D. hadn't played

解析：句意：---我记得你上大学时是个有才华的钢琴家。你能为我弹奏钢琴吗？---抱歉，我已经很多年没有弹钢琴了。考查动词的时态。根据答语中的时间张宇for years可知，此处应该是使用现在完成时。 答案：C。

例4. When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I __ __ my mind. A. have changed B. change C. had changed D. would change

解析：句意：当我第一次见到布莱恩的时候，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。考查动词的时态。根据句意可知，说话人已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。 答案：A。

例5. Tom __ __ in the library every night over the last three months. A. works B. worked

C. has been working D. had been working

解析：句意：在过去的三个月内，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。考查动词时态。over the last three months在过去的三个月内可知是到现在为止“一直”在图书馆工作，因此用现在完成进行时。 答案：C。

例6.（2015 福建高考）---Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere. ---He went to the library after breakfast and __ __ his essay there ever since. A. wrote B. had written C. has been writing D. is writing

解析：句意：---彼得在哪儿？我到处找不到他。---他早饭后去图书馆了，并且从那时起一直在那儿写文章。考查动词时态。由ever since可知，彼得从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章（说话时应该仍然在写），故用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在，并且可能持续下去。 答案：C。

例7.（2014 江西高考）---Tony, why are your eyes red? ---I __ __ up peppers for the last five minutes. A. cut B. was cutting C. had cut

D. have been cutting

解析：句意：---托尼，为什么你的眼睛发红？---在过去的5分钟里我一直在切辣椒。根据for the last five minutes可知，此处应该用现在完成进行时。此题易误选C，误以为动作是过去的过去发生的，其实此句是表达过去刚刚完成的动作对现在造成的直接影响。 答案：D。

例8.（2014 湖南高考）Since the time humankind started gardening, we __ __ to make our environment more beautiful. A. try

B. have been trying C. are trying D. will try

解析：句意：自从人类开始园艺技术的时候起，我们就一直在努力让我们的环境变得更加美丽。考查动词时态。根据从句since the time...可知，主句应该使用完成时，而“让我们的环境变得更加美丽”这一动作一直在进行，所以用现在完成进行时。 答案：B。

基础演练

一. 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. You know, I (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. 2. The little boy is dirty all over because he (play) in the mud all the morning. 3. He (read) in the library out since it opened this morning. 4. Here he is! We (wait) anxiously for him since last night. 5. She has (live) here ever since she was ten. 6. Both of them (be) in for ten days. 7. Both of them (come) to ten days ago. Keys：

1. have been looking; 2. has been playing; 3. has been reading; 4. have been waiting; 5. lived/been living; 6. have been; 7. came

二. 单项选择。

1. In order to find the missing child, villagers __ ____ all they can over the past five hours. A. did

B. do

C. had done

D. have been doing

2. She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the children ____ __ everything! A. had been eating

B. had eaten

C. have eaten

D. have been eating

3. When Alice came to life, she didn't know how long she _____ _ there. A. had been lying

B. has been lying

C. way lying

D. has lain

4. I have to see the doctor because I _____ _ a lot lately. A. have been coughing C. coughed

B. had coughed D. cough

5. ---Hello, I didn't know you were in America. How long _____ _ here? ---About one year. A. have you been

B. are

C. were

D. had you been

6. My brother is an actor. He _____ _ in several films so far. A. appears

B. appeared

C. has appeared

D. is appearing

7. The telephone _____ _ four times in the last hour, and each time it _____ _ for my roommate. A. has rung; was

B. has been ringing; was D. rang; has been

C. had rung; was

8. ---How is your grandfather?

---My grandfather _____ _for two years. A. died Keys：

1-8 DBAA ACAD

巩固提高

一. 用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. Half an hour __ __ __ (pass) since the train __ __ __ (leave). 2. Mary __ __ __ (lose) her pen. __ __ __ you __ __ __ (see) it here and there? 3. __ __ __ you __ __ __ (find) your watch yet? 4. ---Are you thirsty?

---No, I __ __ __ just __ __ __ (have) some orange. 5. We __ __ __ already __ __ __ (return) the book. 6. __ __ __ they _____ _(build) a new school in the village. 7. I _____ _(not finish) my homework. Can you help me?

B. has died

C. had been died

D. has been dead

Keys：

1. has passed; left; 2. has lost; Have; seen; 3. Have; found; 4. have; had; 5. have; returned 6. Have; built; 7. haven't finished 二. 单项选择。

1. ---We've spent too much money recently.

---Well, it isn't surprising. Our friends and relatives _____ _ around all the time. A. are coming

B. had come

C. were coming

D. have been coming

2. Over the past decades, sea ice _____ _ in the Arctic as a result of global warming. A. had decreased

B. decreased

C. has been decreasing D. is decreasing

3. Please stop to have a rest. You _____ _ the washing machine the whole morning. A. have repaired

B. were repairing

C. have been repaired

D. have been repairing

4. He _____ _ articles for four newspaper these three years, and he _____ _ about forty articles. A. has been writing; has written C. is writing; has been writing

B. is writing; wrote D. has written; has written

5. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _____ _ going back to school, but she hasn't decided yet. A. had considered C. considered

B. has been considering D. is going to consider

6. ---Would you like to go to Shanghai?

---Yes. In the last ten years, great changes _____ _ in Shanghai. A. have been happened C. have taken place

B. have happened D. have been taken place

7. The housing prices _____ _, but I doubt whether they will remain so. A. went down

B. will go down D. were going down

C. have gone down

8. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _____ _ safely. A. are arriving

B. have arrived

C. had arrived

D. will arrive

9.（2015 北京高考）In the last few years, China _____ _ great achievements in environmental protection. A. has made

B. had made

C. was making

D. is making

10.（2015 陕西高考）Marty _____ _ really hard on his book and he thinks he'll have finished it by Friday. A. worked Keys：

1-10 DCDAB CCBAB

一. 改错题。

1. All these years they are contributing articles to our magazine.

B. has been working

C. had worked

D. has worked

2. I have been drinking five cups of coffee this afternoon.

3. What have you been doing before you left Oxford?

4. It's a good job. Have you done it all by yourself?

5. It's a long time since you come to see me.

6. Alice didn't see much of Henry lately.

7. I'm glad to tell you that you passed the exam. Keys：

1. are →have been; 2. have been drinking →have drunk; 3. have →had; 4. Have you done →Did you do; 5. come →came; 6. didn't seen →hasn't seen; 7. passed →have passed

二. 单项选择。

1. --- I'm sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. ---I think so. He ________ for it for months. A. is preparing

B. was preparing D. has been preparing

C. had been preparing

2. By the time he realizes he ________ into a trap, it'll be too late for him to do anything about it. A. walks

B. walked

C. has walked

D. had walked

3. So far this year we _______ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw

B. see

C. had seen

D. have seen

4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _______ English for a year. A. studies

B. studied

C. is studying

D. has been studying

5. Danny ________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. A. works

B. is working

C. has worked

D. had worked

6. ---I have got a headache.

---No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long. A. work

B. are working

C. have been working D. worked

7. The unemployment rate in this district_________ from 6% to 5% in the past two years. A. has fallen

B. had fallen

C. is falling

D. was falling

8. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _______ going back to school，but she hasn't decided yet.

A. had considered C. considered

B. has been considering D. is going to consider

9. --- _______ you _______ him around the museum yet? ---Yes. We had a great time there. A. Have; shown

B. Do; show

C. Had; shown

D. Did; show

10. ---Hi, Tracy, you look pale.

---I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A. painted

B. had painted D. have painted

C. have been painting Keys:

1-10 DCDDC CABAC

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

一、单项选择。

1. ---In my opinion, this English TV play can help students to learn new words. --- _______, I think it's too hard to understand. A. I don't agree.

B. Why not D. Sorry, I'm not sure

C. I can't agree more

2. After dinner, she gave Mr. Smith ______ ride to ______ Red Bridge Airport where he would start his five-day holiday. A. a; a

B. a; /

C. /; the

D. the; a

3. I _______ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _______. A. went; was occurring C. was going; occurred

B. went; occurred D. was going; had occurred

4. As English is getting more and more difficult to learn, my son has _______ English now. A. turned on

B. turned off

C. turned up

D. turned down

5. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _______ he can walk by himself. A. when

B. which

C. whose

D. where

6. Although the value of the pound has been falling recently, Britain can still _______ with the help from other countries. A. pull through

B. go through

C. put through

D. let through

7. _______ to the left, and you will find the path_______ to the park. A. Turn; leading

B. Turned; to lead

C. Having turned; led D. Turning; leading

8. ---Justin kicked the ball into his own goal.

---Thanks to his stupidity and we got _______ as we had expected. A. twice scores as many C. twice as scores many

B. as twice many scores D. many twice as scores

9. _______ there is something else to discuss, I'll declare the meeting closed. A. As

B. While

C. Since

D. Unless

10. ---The factory was _______ fire last night. ---Someone must have set fire _______ it. A. on; with keys：

1-10 ABCBD AAADC 二. 书面表达。

最近，你校同学参加了一场辩论。辩题是：中学生要不要参加社会实践？请你根据下表所提供

B. on, on

C. on, to

D. with, to

的信息，给报社写一篇短文，客观地介绍辩论情况。题目已经给出。

注意：

1). 词数：100左右。

2). 参考词汇：辩论—debate 正方—the pros 反方—the cons

A Heated Debate

参考范文：

We've had a debate about whether middle school students should do social practice The pros think

middle school students should do social practice. They believe social practice can help them know more about the things around them and give them much experience. By doing so, the students' ability can be developed. Besides, they can put what they have learned in the books into practice.

On the other hand, the cons think middle school students don't have to do social practice, because they

are too young to fit the world. They say it's a waste of money and energy. What's more, there are no such chances. The whole debate is heated.

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