2021高考英语阅读之长难句分析与练习（十七）
Exercise 1：长难句分析 1. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.
【句式翻译】
【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1) gradually adv.逐渐地
这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。
经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。
2）allow v. 允许，常用于以下结构：
①allow doing 允许做
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
②allow sb to do允许某人做
我的老板不允许我用电话。
③allow sb sth让某人有
如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。
④allow sb in/out/up允许某人进来/出去/起床
十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。
⑤allow for考虑到，把……考虑进来，体谅
我们考虑到任何可能的延误。
【语法点拨】不定式作目的状语
2. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as“the best math teacher in America,”is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.
【句式翻译】
【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1) devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的 devote vt. 奉献，把……用于
他婚姻美满幸福，是位尽职尽责的父亲，忠实的丈夫。
编辑用一个整版来讨论住房问题。
2) have a gift for = have a talent for在……方面有天赋
你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。
杨丽萍热爱音乐，并具有舞蹈天赋。
【语法点拨】过去分词作定语
3. For example, there’re the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.
【句式翻译】
【句式分析】
【词语点拨】1）tendency n.倾向；趋势；tend v.倾向
物价呈继续上升的趋势。
而对无能为力的事情，他往往就绕开走了。
人们都乐于接受她的邀请。
2）reflect v. 反映；反射; reflection n.反射；映像
这封信反映你的真实想法吗?
任何固体都能反射声音。
塔的影子倒映在水中。
【语法点拨】过去分词作状语
4. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
【解析】 。
【翻译】
5. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.（2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D篇）
【翻译】 【解析】 Exercise 2：阅读练习
The mind of an elephant should not be underestimated.They are intelligent animals born with both excellent memory and artistic talent.Elephants eat about 495 pounds of vegetarian food a day.They spend about 16 hours a day eating,but must walk about 4 miles a day in search of food.The average elephant lives about 70 years,and its sharp memory allows it to remember places where it has found food as long as 30 years earlier,even as a baby.
In an elephant’s travels,it comes across other elephants also looking for food.Some elephants are friendly,and some are not so nice.Elephants remember every elephant they have ever met.They can even recognize an elephant they perhaps haven’t seen for 30 years.They immediately remember whether this elephant is an enemy or a friend.
When elephants are not searching for food,they sometimes produce art in the sand with their trunks (象鼻).They seem to enjoy just relaxing and painting in the
sand.One day,an elephant zoo-keeper noticed this and gave an elephant a paint brush filled with red paint to see if the elephant would paint on a canvas (画布).Sure enough,it did,and since then elephants in most zoos have been given paint brushes,paints,and canvases.The resulting abstract art has been sold for high prices around the world.The money goes to support feeding the elephants in the zoos.Most felt that the elephants were only capable of painting abstracts.However,they have been trained to paint trees,flowers,and other things in nature.This has enabled us to understand “elephant genius” even more.
1.What does the underlined word “underestimated” mean?
A.Mistaken.
B.Controlled.
C.Undervalued.
D.Underdeveloped.
2.What can we learn about elephants’ memory?
A.It remains excellent for 70 years.
B.It differs greatly among elephants.
C.It is at its best in the first 30 years.
D.It can reach as far back as 30 years.
3.Why did the zoo-keeper give the elephant a brush?
A.To attract visitors to it.
B.To train it to paint pictures.
C.To prove it was a born artist.
D.To find out whether it could draw.
4.Which can best describe elephants according to the text?
A.Really brave.
B.Highly smart.
C.Unusually quiet.
D.Extremely friendly.
参考答案
1. 【句式翻译】基础数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。
【句式分析】本句是简单句，so as to allow在句中作目的状语。
The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.
After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.
They allowed smoking in this room only.
My boss doesn’t allow me to use the telephone.
I will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now．
The patient was allowed up after ten days.
We should allow for every possible delay.
2. 【句式翻译】H•西格尔教授被肯塔基州教育电视尊称为是“美国最好的数学老师”，他是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。
【句式分析】本句复合句，that在句中引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ways，honored作后置定语。
He married well and happily and was a devoted father and husband.
The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the housing problem.
You have a surprising gift for seeing into people's minds.
Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.
3.【句式翻译】例如，别人朝你笑你很可能笑，反映惊讶，愤怒或悲伤情绪的变化不太明显，如我们的心率和血压的变化。
【句式分析】本句复合句，when在句中引导省略的状语从句，that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词changes，smiled at作状语。
Prices continue to show an upward tendency.
There was a tendency in him to walk away from the impossible thing.
People tended to accept her invitations.
Does this letter reflect how you really think?
Every solid object will reflect a sound.
One can see the reflection of the tower in the water.
4.【解析】Then the person leaves it in a public place为句子的主干，hoping that...是现在分词作伴随状语，that引导的是宾语从句，在宾语从句中又包含了一个现在分词短语traveling...作伴随状语；此外，在后一个伴随状语中还包含了一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reader。
【翻译】然后，大家可以把它（书）留在一个公共场合，希望这本书经历一场冒险，随着每个发现它的新读者来一场遥远广阔的旅行。
5.【翻译】Shackleton，一个曾经的英国上船船队军官，在1908年到达过距离南极点不足100英里的地方，在他1914年航海前开始做生意来从电影和摄影中赚钱。
【解析】Shackleton started a business.为句子主干，a onetime British merchant-navy officer 为Shackleton的同位语，同时作定语从句who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908的先行词，before his 1914 voyage 为时间状语，to make...为不定式作目的状语。
1.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后一句“They are intelligent animals born with both excellent memory and artistic talent.”可知,千万不要“低估”大象的智力。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“its sharp memory allows it to remember places where it has found food as long as 30 years earlier”和第二段中的“They can even recognize an elephant they perhaps haven’t seen for 30 years.”可知,大象的记忆力可以追溯到30年前。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“an elephant zoo-keeper noticed this and gave an elephant a paint brush filled with red paint to see if the elephant would paint on a canvas”可知,动物园的管理员给大象画笔是想看看它会不会画画。
4.B 推理判断题。根据文中的intelligent animals以及具体介绍大象的记忆力如何超强和艺术才能如何了得可知,大象是非常聪明的动物。
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