2014高考英语阅读理解专题训练极品题(20)及答案( 2013高考)

C8 [2013·江西卷] ----C

Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.

Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside, stepping_into_his_or_her_shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way. The energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

Most of the time we lack this energy. Even though we may feel in our business dealings or social relationships that we are listening well, what we are usually doing is listening selectively. Often we have a prepared list in mind and wonder, as we listen, how we can achieve certain desired results to get the conversation over as quickly as possible or redirected in ways more satisfactory to us. Many of us are far more interested in talking than in listening, or we simply refuse to listen to what we don't want to hear.

It wasn't until toward the end of my doctor career that I have found the knowledge that one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的). In about a quarter of the patients I saw, surprising improvement was shown during the first few months of the psychotherapy(心理疗法), before any of the roots of problems had been uncovered or explained. There are several reasons for this phenomenon, but chief among them, I believe, was the patient's sense that he or she was being truly listened to, often for the first time in years, and for some, perhaps for the first time ever.

66. The phrase “stepping into his or her shoes” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________． A. preparing a topic list first B. focusing on one's own mind

C. directing the talk to the desired results

D. experiencing the speaker's inside world 67．What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2? A. How to listen well. B. What to listen to.

C. Benefits of listening. D. Problems in listening.

68．According to the author, in communication people tend to ________． A. listen actively B. listen purposefully C. set aside their prejudices D. open up their inner mind

69．According to the author, the patients improved mainly because ________． A. they were taken good care of B. they knew they were truly listened to C. they had partners to talk to D. they knew the roots of problems

70．What type of writing is the article likely to be? A. Science fiction. B. A news report. C. A medical report. D. Popular science.

【要点综述】 本文主要介绍了倾听的好处，并通过自己作为医生的亲身体验说明倾听对于病人来说是最好的疗法。

66. D 考查词意猜测。由画线短语所在句前部分“…to experience as far as possible someone else's world from the inside…”可推出画线短语应该是“走进说话者的内心世界”的意思。

67. A 考查段落大意。由第二段的内容以及第二段第一、二句“Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is…”可知此段主要讲述了如何才能听得好。

68. B 考查细节理解。由第三段第二句“…what we are usually doing is listening selectively.”可知在交流中我们倾向于有选择地也就是有目的地听。

69. B 考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“…one is being truly listened to is frequently therapeutic(有疗效的)．”可知真正被倾听是最有疗效的医治方法。

70. D 考查推理判断。综观全文，本文主要说明了倾听的好处，故此篇文章应该属于通俗(大众)科普类文章。

社会生活类----58

I am a writer. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke (唤起) an emotion, a visual image, a complex idea, or a simple truth.Language is the tool of my trade. And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.

Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California, I’ve been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks. Like others, I have described it to people as “broken” English. But I feel embarrassed to say that. It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than“broken”, as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed, as if it lacked a certain wholeness. I’ve heard other terms used, “limited English,” for example. But they seem just as bad, as if everything is limited, including people’s perceptions(认识)of the limited English speaker.

I know this for a fact, because when I was growing up, my mother’s “limited” English limited my perception of her. I was ashamed of her English. I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is, because she expressed them imperfectly her

thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me: the fact that people in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her. I started writing fiction in 1985. And for reasons I won’t get into today, I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with: the English she used with me, which for lack of a better term might be described as “broken” ; and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese, her internal (内在的) language, and for that I sought to preserve the essence, but neither an English nor a Chinese structure. I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show: her intention, her feelings, the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.

1. By saying “Language is the tool of my trade”, the author means that . A. she uses English in foreign trade B. she is fascinated by languages C. she works as a translator D. she is a writer by profession

2. The author used to think of her mother’s English as .

A. impolite B. amusing C. imperfect D. practical 3. Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A. Americans do not understand broken English. B. The author’s mother was not respected sometimes. C. The author’s mother had positive influence on her. D. Broken English always reflects imperfect thoughts.

4. The author gradually realizes her mother’s English is . A. well structured B. in the old style C. easy to translate D. rich in meaning 5. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The change of the author’s attitude to her mother’s English. B. The limitation of the author’s perception of her mother. C. The author’s misunderstanding of “limited” English. D. The author’s experiences of using broken English. 【参考答案】58.1-5 DCBDA

社会生活类----59

When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously(同时地) about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what’s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen—they can’t do

both—and they don’t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships—not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.

During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.

Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls’ mothers talked to them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked to, and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children. Since a girl’s brain is better organized to send and receive speech, we therefore talk to them more. Consequently,

mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually disappointed to receive only short grunts in reply.

1. While watching TV with others, women usually talk a lot because they . A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends B. can both talk and watch the screen at the same time C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands

2. After a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to .

A. experience the happy time again B. keep a close tie with her

C. recommend her a new scenic spot D. remind her of something forgotten

3. What does the author want to tell us most?

A. Women’s brains are better organized for language and communication. B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men. C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts. D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking. 4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk B. Talking Maintains Relationships C. Women Love to Talk

D. Men Talk Differently from Women 【参考答案】59.1-4 CBAC

C8 [2013·辽宁卷] ----C

Here is an astonishing and significant fact: Mental work alone can't make us tired.It sounds absurd.But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue(疲劳)．To the amazement of these scientists, they discovered that blood passing through the brain, when it is active, shows no fatigue at all! If we took a drop of blood from a day laborer, we would find it full of fatigue toxins(毒素) and fatigue products.But if we took blood from the brain of an Albert Einstein, it would show no fatigue toxins at the end of the day.

So far as the brain is concerned, it can work as well and swiftly at the end of eight or even

twelve hours of effort as at the beginning.The brain is totally tireless.So what makes us tired?

Some scientists declare that most of our fatigue comes from our mental and emotional(情感的) attitudes.One of England's most outstanding scientists, J．A. Hadfield, says, “The greater part of the fatigue from which we suffer is of mental origin.In fact, fatigue of purely physical origin is rare.” Dr.Brill, a famous American scientist, goes even further.He declares, “One hundred percent of the fatigue of a sitting worker in good health is due to emotional problems.”

What kinds of emotions make sitting workers tired? Joy? Satisfaction? No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety, tenseness, worry, a feeling of not being appreciated—those are the emotions that tire sitting workers.Hard work by itself seldom causes fatigue.We get tired because our emotions produce nervousness in the body.

64．What surprised the scientists a few years ago?

A．Fatigue toxins could hardly be found in a laborer's blood. B．Albert Einstein didn't feel worn out after a day's work. C．The brain could work for many hours without fatigue. D．A mental worker's blood was filled with fatigue toxins.

65．According to the author, which of the following can make sitting workers tired? A．Challenging mental work. B．Unpleasant emotions. C．Endless tasks. D．Physical labor.

66．What's the author's attitude towards the scientists' ideas? A．He agrees with them. B．He doubts them. C．He argues against them. D．He hesitates to accept them.

67．We can infer from the passage that in order to stay energetic, sitting workers need to ________．

A．have some good food B．enjoy their work C．exercise regularly

D．discover fatigue toxins

【要点综述】 本文是议论文，主要讲科学家们发现大脑本身能不知疲倦地工作许多小时，导致我们疲劳的不是脑力工作本身，而是一种令人不愉快的情感，所以我们在工作中应该保持愉快的心情。

64．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But a few years ago, scientists tried to find out how long the human brain could labor without reaching a stage of fatigue.”可知大脑能不知疲倦地持续工作许多小时。

65．B 细节推断题。根据最后一段中“No! A feeling of being bored, anger, anxiety…”说明是一种令人不愉快的情绪导致疲劳。

66．A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Here is an astonishing and significant fact…”和最后一段最后两句的描述可知，作者完全赞同科学家的看法。

67．B 推理判断题。既然“一种令人不愉快的情绪会导致疲劳”，那么为了保持活力，sitting workers要享受他们的工作。