最新 高中英语阅读理解(社会文化)试题(有答案和解析)含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类 1．阅读理解

I travel a lot, and I find out different \"styles\"(风格)of directions every time I ask \" How can I get to the post office?\"

Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的)in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks(地标)in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, \" Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.\"

In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat. In many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, \" Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.

People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map. They measure distance in time, not miles. \" How far away is the post office?\" you ask. \" Oh,\" they answer, \" it's about five minutes from here.\" You say, \" Yes, but how many miles is it?\" They don't know.

It's true that a person doesn't know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, \" Sorry, I have no idea.\" But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers \" I don't know\". People in Yucatan believe that \"I don't know\" is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!

（1）When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually _______. A.describe the place carefully B.show him a map of the place C.tell him the names of the streets D.refer to recognizable buildings and places

（2）What is the place where people measure distance in time? A.New York. B.Los Angles. C.Kansas D.Lowa.

（3）People inYucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ________. A.in order to save time B.as a test C.so as to be polite D.for fun

（4）What can we infer from the text?

A.It's important for travelers to understand cultural differences. B.It's useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly. C.People have similar understanding of politeness. D.New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.

【答案】 （1）D （2）B （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者围绕不同国家回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Foreign tourists are often confused（困惑的）in Japan because most streets there don't have names. In Japan, people use landmarks（地标）in their directions instead of street names.”可知在日本通常是用地标指路。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles.”可知，在洛杉矶用走一段路用多少时间来指路。故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers‘I don't know.’People in Yucatan believe that ‘I don't know’ is impolite.”可推断，因尤卡坦人可能会给游客一个错误的答案的目的是为了礼貌。故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“I find out different ‘styles’ of directions every time I ask ‘How can I get to the post office?’\" 以及下文举例说明可知，作者围绕回答问路的风格，介绍了不同国度的不同文化。因此推断作者说明了对旅行者来说了解不同地方的文化差异很重要。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

There are lots of ways to educate yourself on the Internet. You can find photos, documents, and films on almost any topic you can imagine. And at www.ted.com, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.

TED began in 1984 as a conference that brought together individuals from the fields of technology, entertainment and design. It was intended to be a one-time event focusing on technology and design. The event ended up losing money, and it was six years before the founders tried it again. This time it worked, and since 1990, the TED conference has been an

annual event. There are now two held every year, with topics as diverse as music, medicine, and money. Other specialized spin-off conferences address narrower issues.

The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to \"offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,\" as the website puts it. The current version of the site was launched in April 2007, and contains videos of talks given at the TED conferences around the world. The talks are transcribed into hundreds of languages.

The TED website is owned by the Sapling Foundation, a non profit devoted to fostering the spread of great ideas. The Sapling foundation acquired TED in 2001. Since then, it has been focusing on using TED to broadcast ideas that might change the world.

TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices (more than 6,000 dollars total). It's been accused by a few people of censorship for not publishing their talks. One controversial speaker was upset about being criticized by the conference's host afterward.

The complaints, however, seem to be relatively few for such a large, long-running organization. And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website. Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out. （1）What is the main topic of the article? A.The case against TED B.What's on TED today. C.Pros and cons of www.ted.com. D.What is TED

（2）Which of the following statements is NOT true? A.The TED conference came after the success of www.ted.com. B.Two TED conferences are now held every year. C.TED talks are available in many languages. D.The Sapling Foundation owns www.ted.com.

（3）From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that ________. A.it is accepted to all involved that some TED talks might not be published B.the host of the conference is one who plays a supportive role to the speakers C.TED is criticized for giving special treatment to the wealthy or powerful D.the negative comments on TED greatly affects its reputation （4）This author probably believes that________. A.TED is elitist B.TED is beneficial C.TED isn't important D.TED is the best website 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）C （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了TED以及它的历史发展。

（1）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“And at www.ted.com, you can access lectures by artists, scholars, designers, technicians and others.”在www.ted.com，你可以访问艺术家、学者、设计师、技术人员和其他人的演讲。以及以下几个段落的内容，可知这篇文章的主题是“TED是什么”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The TED website came from a desire to share the conferences with the world, to ‘offer free knowledge from the world's most inspired thinkers,’ as the website puts it.”TED网站源于一种与世界分享会议的愿望，用网站的话说，就是“向世界上最有灵感的思想家们提供免费的知识”。可知，“TED大会是在www.ted.com网站成功之后召开的”这种表述错误，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“TED, of course, isn't immune to criticism. It's been called elitist(精英) for its high ticket prices.”当然，TED也免不了受到批评。它因其高昂的票价被称为精英主义；以及最后一段中的“And accusations of elitism ring hollow when so much is given away for free on TED's website.”而当这么多东西在泰德的网站上免费赠送时，精英主义的指责就显得空洞了。可推断出，TED因给予富人或有权势的人特殊待遇而受到批评，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Whatever its failings, TED is a source of inspirational information for those who seek it out.”不管它的缺点是什么，TED都是那些寻找它的人鼓舞人心的信息来源。可推断出，这位作者可能认为TED是有益的，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave. They say a 100-page guide is needed to \"keep a positive image\" of the city and could help reduce \"tensions\" between natives and migrants. But critics have pointed out that foreign migrants and natives may be regarded as antagonists in the manual (手册).

Russians and migrants have repeatedly flooded in Moscow recently. Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries. A significant number of them work in the Russian capital illegally.

The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the \"dos\" and \"don'ts\" to migrants. They are urged not to cause trouble, by staring at women, or eating or talking loudly on the streets. They are also warned that the police may routinely (例行公事) stop them to check their documents. In the manual, Russia's famous \"three warriors\" are meant to represent the city's law enforcement agencies (执法机关), while Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (a historical character) is used for tours around Moscow. Meanwhile, Vasilisa the Wise and The Snow Maiden test the reader on Russia's language and history. A special section of the book explains the importance of following Moscow's strict residency and employment rules, stressing that migrants could otherwise be

deported (驱逐出境) or banned from entry.

The manual was written primarily for illegal migrants, Alexander Kalinin, who heads the group Support for Working Migrants in Moscow, told BBC Russian. \"We want to raise their level of law awareness,\" he added.

Migrant characters had initially (最初) been identified as representatives of different nationalities, but the book's authors later decided to drop this idea so as \"not to offend anyone\said Mr. Kalinin.

\"The old conflict between Russian heroes and non-Slavic invaders is being revived,\" Yevgeny Varshaver, a migration expert told BBC Russian. He also suggested that the language used in the book would be \"difficult\" to understand for some migrants who were not native Russian speakers. （1）The underlined word \"antagonists\" in Paragraph 1 can probably be replaced by \"________\". A. friends B. acquaintances C. cooperators D. opponents （2）People from other countries come to Moscow \"________\". A. to find well-paid jobs B. to have a new lifestyle C. to enjoy the fine climate D. to experience a new culture

（3）The third paragraph is mainly about \"________\". A. consequences the migrants may suffer B. the purpose of publishing the handbook C. the measures to attract foreign migrants D. characters and their functions in Russian fairytales

（4）Which of the following would be the best title of the text? A. Ways to help foreign migrants to settle in Russia B. Characters from Russian fairy tales have new jobs C. More and more foreign migrants to work in Moscow D. Moscow fairy tale comics to help migrants behave 【答案】 （1）D （2）A （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第一段中的\"They say a 100-page guide is needed to ‘keep a positive image’of the city and could help reduce \"tensions\" between natives and migrants.\"可知，他们说需要一份100页的手册来保持城市的积极形象，并有助于缓解当地人和移民之间的紧张关系，但批评人士指出，手册中可能把外国移民和本国人视为敌手，由此可知画线词词义为“敌手、对手”，故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的\"Many migrants from ex-Soviet republics in Central Asia, the Caucasus (高加索) and North Caucasus, arrive in Moscow every year, attracted by the

capital's job opportunities and relatively high salaries.\"可知，很多移民涌入莫斯科是因为他们被莫斯科相对较高的工作机会和薪水所吸引，故选A。

（3）考查段落大意。根据第三段中的\"The new guide in Russian seeks to explain the ‘dos’ and ‘don'ts’ to migrants.\"可知，新的俄语手册试图向移民解释该做什么和不该做什么，由此可知本段主要是介绍出版新手册的目的，故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的\"Moscow city authorities have begun using comics (漫画) with characters from Russian fairy tales to explain to migrants (移民) how they should behave.\"可知，本文介绍了莫斯科当局用童话人物的漫画向移民解释行为规范，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Although not as much as in the past, grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo (纳瓦霍人) youth. They make young people aware of life at an early age. The parents grant them the privilege of teaching the children, and the grandparents take great pride in raising the children or at least having a big part in raising them.

Young children often stay with their grandparents for years at a time developing a close and trusting relationship. The grandparents teach the children Navajo legends and the principle of life, emphasizing both new culture trends and the preservation of traditions.

The grandparents are also often the leading figures in teaching the youth the arts of weaving, caring for the livestock, using herbal medicine, and other arts and crafts.

The children are taught to respect their elders, to care for them, to help them whenever they are in need, and to learn from them. Young people are urged to listen with care to the words of their elders and to keep as much wisdom as possible. Grandparents often go to social gatherings and traditional events, and the young have opportunities to learn more about their culture and traditions.

I live with my grandmother for thirteen years, and she raised me in the old ways of our people. Although I was going to school, she taught me as much as she could about our traditions. She was a beautiful woman. If I had a chance, I would listen again to her wise teachings, expressed with kindness in a soft voice that touched my heart.

We used to plant corn and pumpkin every summer. They never grew big enough to feed us, but we planted them anyway. I asked my grandmother why. She said, \"Grandson, our plants will be far more beautiful than the flowers outside the fence.\" I did not understand until one day I saw their beauty as I was coming over the hill with her. She said, \"Anything that is a part of you is always far more beautiful than the things which you pass by.\" We had some beautiful years together. I am glad she is a part of me and I am a part of her.

Children used to be well disciplined, possessing more respect for culture, tradition, and beliefs than they do now. The world of the Navajo has been influenced by the western world, and the grandparents have less control and influence than they used to. But the young people who have

been touched by their teachings have glimpsed a way of life beyond what most people know today.

（1）What can we learn from Paragraph 1? A. Parents hate to take the trouble to raise children. B. Schools are not very popular with the Navajo youth.

C. Grandparents are usually unwilling to teach their grandchildren. D. Children learn about the meaning of life from their grandchildren. （2）Why did the author's grandmother plant corn and pumpkin? A. Because she hated wild flowers. B. Because she needed to feed her family.

C. Because she tried to make her fence more beautiful. D. Because she wanted her grandson to learn a life lesson. （3）What's the author's opinion according to the passage? A. Grandparents are the source of traditional culture. B. His grandmother's teaching could replace schooling. C. The western world is hardly influenced by the Navajos. D. It is impossible to get grandparents involved in teaching again. （4）What's the purpose of the article? A. To honor the author's grandmother. B. To share with readers a Navajo culture. C. To emphasize the greatness of Navajo. D. To introduce the development of Navajo tribes. 【答案】 （1）D （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了纳瓦霍人的一种文化：由祖父母来教育孙子辈，让他们学到生活中的道理。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的\"grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo (纳瓦霍人) youth. They make young people aware of life at an early age.\"可知，祖父母们是年轻人的老师，使年轻人在很小的时候就认识生活。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的\"Grandson, our plants will be far more beautiful than the flowers outside the fence.\"以及 \"Anything that is a part of you is always far more beautiful than the things which you pass by.\"可知，祖母种植玉米和南瓜是为了让作者明白一个生活的道理：任何属于你的东西，总是比你路过的东西更美。从而推断出祖母是想让她的孙子学到人生的一课。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。第一段提出“纳瓦霍人的孙子辈主要由祖父母来教育，他们在抚养孩子方面起了很大的作用”，接着对此进行了详细的介绍。最后一段“那些被他们的祖父母教导所感动的年轻人，已经发找到了一种大多数人今天所不知道的生活方式”。由此可推断出本文主要介绍了纳瓦霍人的一种文化：由祖父母们教育孙子辈，让他们认识生活，学到其

中的道理。故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的\"grandparents are the teachers of the Navajo (纳瓦霍人) youth. They make young people aware of life at an early age.\"纳瓦霍人的祖父母们成为年轻一代人的老师，在教育孙子辈起着重要的作用。是主旨句，接着下文较为详细地介绍了纳瓦霍人的这种文化。由此可推断出作者是与读者分享一种纳瓦霍人的文化。由选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee (裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don't care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn't seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoyed games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.

Grown-ups can hardly find children's game exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple game again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinary afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.

It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win. （1）What is true about children when they play games?

A. They can stop playing any time they like. B. They can test their personal abilities. C. They want to pick a better team. D. They don't need rules. （2）To become a leader in a game the child has to _________. A. be a useful partner B. wait for his turn

C. be confident in himself D. be popular among his playmates （3）Why does a child like playing games? A. Because he can be someone other than himself. B. Because he can become popular among friends. C. Because he finds he is always lucky in games. D. Because he likes the place where he plays a game. （4）Which is the best title for this passage?

A. Rules in Children's Games B. Advantages of Playing Games for Children C. Reasons for Children's Games D. How to Be a Popular Game Player 【答案】 （1）A

（2）B （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了孩子们在玩游戏时有自己的游戏规则，他们很少需要裁判，很少去记分．他们喜欢玩取决于运气的游戏，这样他们的个人能力就不能直接进行比较了．但是，成年人很难发现孩子们的游戏令人兴奋，他们常常对孩子们反复玩这么简单的游戏感到困惑。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“Children have their own rules in playing games．Theyseldom need a referee（裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores．”可知，介绍了孩子们玩游戏的一些特点，比如孩子的游戏有自己的规则，也不需要裁判，而且可以随时结束，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn”可知，当轮到他时，他就成了领袖．所以要成为一个游戏的领导者，孩子必须等待轮到他才行，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．”可知孩子们喜欢玩游戏的重要原因之一是他们可以在游戏中假装成别人，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，游戏在孩子们的生活中是必不可少的．他们无需裁判，也很少计分，他们甚至不在乎输赢．尽管在成年人眼里这些游戏非常简单，枯燥．但是孩子们对此却是乐此不疲．作者认为通过游戏，孩子们学会了遵守规则，可知选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

After shopping for deals in stores on \"Black Friday\and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular \"Giving Tuesday\". Starting in 2012, now the global event that is celebrated annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving is the brainchild of 92nd Street Y, a cultural center in New York City and United Nations Foundation.

As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness. In 2015, 700, 000 people from 71 countries came together to donate $116.7 million in cash. An additional $1.08 million was spent on gifts. While the easiest way to participate is by donating to your favorite charity, this day can be celebrated in many other ways too. You can give back by volunteering at your local shelter or food bank, or even by donating blood. If all else fails, a purchase from the growing number of organizations that give a portion of their sales to charity will do the trick.

But perhaps the best way to celebrate the day is by helping those nearest and dearest to you. Assist a family member with a simple chore like folding laundry, cooking dinner, or even reading

to a younger sibling. No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well! （1）Which of the following has the shortest history?

A. Black Friday B. Giving Tuesday C. Thanksgiving Day D. Cyber Monday （2）What's the main purpose of \"Giving Tuesday\"?

A. To make Thanksgiving Day enjoyable B. To get voluntary work better known C. To encourage more people to do charities D. To persuade more people to shop online （3）Why does the author advise sharing good deeds on social media? A. To keep a record of one's experience B. To help people make new friends C. To donate money to local schools D. To make Giving Tuesday more popular （4）Which section of a website does the next probably come from?

A. Education B. Culture C. Lifestyle D. Business 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Giving Tuesday （给予星期二）。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“After shopping for deals in stores on ‘Black Friday’, or online on ‘Cyber Monday’, Americans and people worldwide are preparing for newly popular ‘Giving Tuesday’\"可知在\"黑色星期五\"或\"网络星期一\"购物后，美国人和世界各地的人都在为新流行的\"给予星期二\"做准备，\"给予星期二\"是一个新流行，说明它最近才出现，应该是历史最短的，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As the name indicates, Giving Tuesday is meant to restart the charitable season and therefore observed by raising funds for local nonprofits and schools, organizing food and clothing drives, and conducting random acts of kindness.”可知 \"给予星期二\"是为了重新启动慈善活动季，因此，人们会为当地的非营利组织和学校筹集资金，组织食品和衣物捐赠活动，并进行一些随机的善举。这说明这个活动主要是为了鼓励人们做慈善，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“No matter what you do, be sure to share you good deed on social media and inspire others to celebrate Giving Tuesday as well!”可知作者鼓励无论人们做什么，一定要在社交媒体上分享他们的善行，并鼓励其他人也庆祝\"给予星期二\"!这说明作者鼓励人们在社交媒体分享善行就是为了让越来越多的人参与到这个活动，让这个活动更受欢迎，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。本文介绍了\"给予星期二\"这一活动，人们会在这一天进行各种慈善活动，这反映了社会价值，是一种社会文化，所以最后可能来自网站的文化板块，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.

Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.

But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard patterns into which they report each day's events. In other words, there is a traditional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the \"standard patterns\" of the newsroom seem foreign to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.

Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.

Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite (精英), so their work tends to reflect the traditional values of this elite. The alarming distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.

This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums (讨论会) and a credibility project devoted to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. （1）What is the passage mainly about? A. Needs of the readers all over the world.

B. Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. C. Origins of the declining newspaper industry. D. Aims of a journalism credibility project.

（2）The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______. A. quite trustworthy B. somewhat conflicting C. very informative D. rather shallow （3）The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their ______. A. working attitude B. traditional lifestyle C. world outlook D. educational background

（4）Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its ______.

A. failure to realize its real problem B. tendency to hire annoying reporters C. likeliness to do inaccurate reporting D. prejudice in matters of race and gender 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突。

（1）考查主旨大意。本文主要讲述，为了解释为什么大众不信任报纸信息，专门做了一个叫新闻可信度项目，结果却是相当得肤浅，大众对报刊的不信任不在于单词拼写错误，语法不对，而是新闻记者和普通读者之间世界观的冲突，因此本文解释了大众不信任报纸的原因，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes,”可知，很悲伤的是，这个项目结果却是很多肤浅的发现，比如事实性的错误，单词拼写和语法错误等，因此可知，作者对这个项目的结果很失望，觉得发现很肤浅，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“The alarming distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily conflict of world views between reporters and their readers.”可知，对新闻媒体不信任不在于信息的不准确和匮乏，而是记者和读者之间世界观的冲突，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class prejudices that so many former buyers are complaining about.”可知，新闻媒体似乎没有抽出时间去关注文化和阶级的偏见，而这些问题是之前很多读者就一直在抱怨的，故可知，报刊行业依然没有让人满意在于没有认真去关注问题，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行分析推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Thomas Cheatham had planned to study Latin during his time at Hebron High School in Texas. But when he learned that the school district was going to offer a Mandarin(普通话) class, he quickly changed his mind.

\"I thought Mandarin would be more beneficial than Latin,\" said Cheatham, who is now in his second year of studying the language.

He speaks Mandarin to order food at Chinese restaurants and can read social media posts from his Chinese-speaking friends. While it's a difficult language to master, the high school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career. \"Chinese is a good language to know, especially with China becoming a growing power,\" he said.

Many experts agree that proficiency(熟练) in a language spoken by a billion people worldwide

will give American students an edge in the global economy.

\"People are looking at China as our next economic competitor, and interest in Mandarin is growing fast,\" said Marty Abbott, director of the American Council(议会) on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. \"We're seeing it in all parts of the country.\"

Abbott predicts that as many as 100,000 students are now studying Mandarin in public and private schools throughout the US. She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an \"important needs\" language and provides professional development programs for teachers. \"Our government wants to increase our language ability for national security and economic competitiveness,\" Abbott added.

At the same time, the Chinese government is spreading knowledge of the Chinese language and culture through Confucius Institutes set up in many US states. For example, the Confucius Institute at the University of Texas in Dallas has been the home of a Confucius Institute for 10 years. It sponsors Confucius Classrooms at 21 local public and private schools, where tens of thousands of students are learning Mandarin.

（1）Why did Thomas Cheatham decide to study Mandarin instead of Latin? A. Mandarin was easier to learn than Latin. B. Mandarin could be helpful to his future career. C. Mandarin might help him learn more about China. D. Mandarin could enable him to study computer engineering.

（2）The underlined word \"edge\" in Paragraph 4 probably means \"________\". A. a slight advantage B. the outside limit C. a sharp tone of voice D. an exciting quality

（3）Which of the following statements might Marty Abbott agree with? A. Mandarin should be taught in classrooms throughout the US. B. Those skilled at Chinese will be the most competitive in the future. C. The US government's policy has helped popularize Mandarin in the US. D. Americans learn Mandarin because they worry about their national security. （4）What does the author mainly talk about in this passage? A. The rising popularity of Mandarin among American students. B. The great benefits of learning Mandarin for American students. C. The influence of China's growing power on American education. D. The effect of Confucius Institutes in promoting Mandarin in the US. 【答案】 （1）B （2）A （3）C （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以一个美国学生的经历为例来讲述随着中国经济的发展，普通话在美国校园很流行，这是中国在世界舞台上地位上升的一个反映。许多美国学生认为学习中文能够在今后职业发展的道路上有所帮助，美国对中文的重视也促使更多的学生学习中文。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“While it's a difficult language to master, the high

school junior, who plans to study computer engineering, thinks it will be important for his career.”可知，Thomas希望中文能够在他今后职业发展的道路上对他有所帮助。故选B。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据本句句意可知，汉语是一门全世界10亿人说的语言，专家认为掌握了它的人会在全球经济中有优势，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“She said the US government has designated (指定) Mandarin as an important needs language and provides professional development programs for teachers. ”可知，美国的促进了普通话在美国的普及，故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文，主要介绍了美国学生学习中文热情升温的现象，分析了出现该现象的背景和原因，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

GOING TO UNIVERSITY is supposed to be a mind-broadening experience. That statement is probably made in comparison to training for work straight after school, which might not be so encouraging. But is it actually true? Jessika Golle of the University of Tübingen, in Germany, thought she would try to find out. Her result, however, is not quite what might be expected. As she reports in Psychological Science this week, she found that those who have been to university do indeed seem to leave with broader and more inquiring minds than those who have spent their immediate post-school years in vocational (职业的) training for work. However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them.

Dr. Golle came to this conclusion after she and a team of colleagues studied the early careers of 2,095 German youngsters. The team used two standardized tests to assess their volunteers. One was of personality traits, including openness, conscientiousness（认真）and so on. The other was of attitudes, such as realistic, investigative and enterprising. They administered both tests twice—once towards the end of each volunteer's time at school, and then again six years later. Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.

When it came to the second round of tests, Dr. Golle found that the personalities of those who had gone to university had not changed significantly. Those who had undergone vocational training and then got jobs were not that much changed in personality, either—except in one crucial respect. They had become more conscientious.

That sounds like a good thing, certainly compared with the common public image of undergraduates as a bunch of lazybones. But changes in attitude that the researchers recorded were rather worrying. In the university group, again, none were detectable. But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. And that might restrict their choice of careers.

Some investigative and enterprising jobs, such as scientific research, are, indeed beyond the degreeless. But many, particularly in Germany, with its tradition of vocational training, are not.

The researchers mention, for example, computer programmers and finance-sector workers as careers requiring these traits. If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration.

（1）Which of the following can best replace \"beckoned for\" in Paragraph 2? A. Examined. B. Attracted. C. Organized. D. Recognized. （2）What can we learn from the research? A. The degreeless have not changed in personalities. B. Going to university is a mind-broadening experience. C. Working straight after school narrows people's minds. D. College students pride themselves on their education. （3）According to the last two paragraphs, . A. college students enjoy a very good public image B. the undergraduates have changed significantly in attitude C. the degreeless are much better at dealing with challenging tasks D. people show less interest in investigative jobs due to vocational training （4）What is the author's attitude towards the finding?

A. Concerned. B. Optimistic. C. Unclear. D. Sceptical. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）D （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，读大学究竟能带给我们什么？德国蒂宾根大学的Jessika Golle 研究得到的结果和人们所期待的大有不同。

（1）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Of the original group, 382 were on the intermediate track, from which there was a choice between the academic and vocational routes, and it was on these that the researchers focused. University beckoned for 212 of them. The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job. ”原始组中有382人就读中等学校，这些人是研究人员重点关注的对象。其中212名被大学录取，剩下的170人选择职业培训或参加工作。根据下文“The remaining 170 chose vocational training and a job.”从而可以猜测出beckoned for为\"召唤；吸引 \"之意。故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“However, it was not the case that university broadened minds. Rather, work seemed to narrow them. ”然而，大学其实并没有开阔人们的眼界。相反，是工作使人们的思维变得狭窄了。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“But those who had chosen the vocational route showed marked drops in interest in tasks that are investigative and enterprising in nature. ”可知，但是那些选择职业培训的人，他们对探究型和开创型任务的兴趣明显下降，从而可以推断出由于职业培训，人们对调查性工作的兴趣降低。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If Dr. Golle is correct, and changes in attitude brought about by the very training Germany prides itself on are narrowing people's choices, that

is indeed a matter worthy of serious consideration. ”如果Golle 的结论正确，并且由于培训（德国人以此为傲）而带来态度上的变化缩小了人们的选择，这确实是一个值得认真考虑的问题，可以推断出，作者对这一发现持关注的态度。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

While many countries love their tea, UK citizens are particularly proud of being “tea people”. The average UK citizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year.

Tea only made its way to England in large quantities in the first years of the 17th century. Tea from China and a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely in England at that time. Then tea was getting more and more popular among different social classes.

There are many varieties of tea. Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK. Black tea is dark in colour, because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize (氧化) before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk, although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon. You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers (茶托) for visitors.

Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but it seems to be on the decrease. The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since. Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone, and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea. More than ￡1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013, more than twice what was spent on tea bags. Still, what goes around comes around; it's sure to become fashionable again. （1）Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs? A. Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th century. B. The UK usually serves black tea with lemon.

C. Tea from China was being sold more widely in England now. D. UK citizens take pride in being \"tea people\".

（2）What can we infer from the fourth paragraph? A. Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone.

B. Since 2002, the sales of tea has been on the decrease. C. In 2013, the money spent on tea was ￡3 billion. D. Most restaurant like selling tea than coffee.

（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph? A. It can never succeed again. B. The tea can become popular again. C. Coffee is more popular than tea. D. The tea is becoming less popular. （4）What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To introduce tea in the UK. B. To show the author's preference for tea. C. To introduce the functions of tea. D. To compare tea in China and UK. 【答案】 （1）D

（2）B （3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了茶叶备受英国人的喜爱以及目前的现状。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“While many countries love their tea, UK citizens are particularly proud of being ‘tea people’.”可知，尽管很多国家都喜欢他们自己的茶，但是英国人作为“tea people”而感到非常地自豪。故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since.”可知，从2002年开始茶叶的销量已经开始逐渐下降，故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Still, what goes around comes around; it's sure to become fashionable again.”可知，下划线后面是分号，分号在句子中的功能相当于同义句改写，确定的是茶叶能够再次流行起来。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。通过全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的就是为了介绍茶在英国的情况，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。