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提高金融自主创新能力 加快上海国际金融中心建设(Ⅰ)

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维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

4 中国货币市场2006.5 提高金融自主创新能力 加快上海国际金融中心建设(1) 中国人民银行副行长兼上海总部主任项俊波 作者简介 项俊波,中国人民银行副行长兼上海总部主任 Xiang Junbo,Deputy Governor of the PBC and President of the PBC Shanghai Head Ofifce he core of international economic competition is manifested, 一定意义上讲,国际经济竞争的核心 to some extent,by financial competition.Finance has now 正表现为金融的竞争,金融已成为国 become a tool in global political and economic competition; . 际政治经济较量的工具,而金融竞争 nad tinancial competition,to a large extent,lies in competiiton amongst 。 很大程度上表现为国际金融中心的竞争。建设 international financial centers.Building a global financial center,: 国际金融中心已成为提升国际竞争力的重要途 therefore,has become na importnat path and development strategy to : 径和发展战略。要建成国际金融中心,一个极 enh nc。 。mp。titi 。ne i“tl1。w。rld・T0 build global fi“an ial hub, 。 其重要的方面就是提高金融自主创新能力。历 a key aspect is to strengthen the capacity for independent financia1  .史经验表明,金融自主创新能力的提高会促进 mn0 anon・E pen。“ 。 h。w u1at trc’nger apacitY for nd。pe“dem . 国际金融中心的建设,反过来,国际金融中心 maJl n““。 。“ aJl pmm。 。th。 。“ ru 。“。f an m 。1TI 。na : 的建设也对增强一国的金融创新能力具有重要 fi“ ncial ente O“n 。廿 rhand,b“ildi“g globalfi“an i lh“bmay, 推动作用,二者之间是相辅相成、互为因果的 precip t t。u1。。“h “ 。m。“t。ftm “ Ii“n。 at 。“・I h。 。tw。 des . 关系。在党把建设上海国际金融中心确立 Central ommittee setC m 伽  the goa of buill 撕∞ ・H ding Shangha inti after the CPCo a globa。l .: 苎家战州  .、 . 进一步 识到譬 。 finaI1cial center as a national strate£v.the sj£nifjcance of fjnancia】 。 创耕Z十国际金融中心建设的重要恿义,并力 innovation upon tl1e building of tl1e mati al finaIlcial center has: 图通过提高金融制度创新、金融产品创新和金 become inc asingly evide nt.we are now striving to impmve me : 融技术创新能力,来实现上海国际金融中心建 capabili哆of吐lcfiIlancialiIlstitLmon,product aIldtec ologyi ovation,: 设的突破,达到国家的战略目标。 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

EYMAY2006 5 摘要 建设国际金融中心已成为提升一国国际竞争力的重要途径和发展战略。要建成国际金融中心,-I"极其重要的方面就是 提离金融自主创新能力.文章重点论述了金融创新是提升我国在全球资源配置中战略地位的必然选择,分析了金甚创新与国 际金融中心建设之间互为因果、互相促进的辩证关系,提出了建设上海国际金融中心的行动路线.本刊拟分三期发表全文. Abstract Building a global ifnancial canter has become an important development strategy for a country to enhance its intemational ocmpetitiveness.To build a global financial hub,the key is to strengthen the capacity of independent ifnancial innovation. Emphasizing that financial innovation is necessary ofr China to raise its startegic role in global resource allocation.this paper analyzes the mutually supporting and promoting relationship between financial innovation and building a global ifnancial canter,and suggests an action route ofr building Shanghai into an intemational financial canter.CHINAMoNEY w钏 publish this paper in three issues. 金融创新是提升我国在全球资源配置中 so as to fulfill the country s strategic goals by making breakthroughs in 战略地位的必然选择 building Shanghai into a global financial center. 在今年1月份召开的中国科学技术大会上, R ̄llilInnevatlenIsanecessaryclmlceteraiseCldna'ssnteglc 总指出,今后要坚持走中国特色自 rele蛔global rOSOllrCO allecatlou 主创新道路,用15年的时间使我国进入创新型 At the China Science and Technology Conference held in January this 国家行列。走中国特色自主创新道路,巳成为 year,President Hu Jintao pointed out that China should stick to hte path 我国社会主义现代化全局的重大战略决策。为 of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics.so as to tum 什么要特别强调自主创新能力?因为创新是一 China into an innovation—oriented country within 1 5 years.A path Of 个民族进步的灵魂。在全球经济发展竞争的格 independent innovation wiht Chinese characteristics has become a major 局下,国家只有具备自主创新的优势,才能实 strategic policy in building a modern socialist China.Why can 现真正的强国梦。自主创新能力已经成为国家 independent innovation capability never be over emphasized?Itts 竞争力的决定性因素。金融是一国经济的核心, because innovation is the soul of a people s advancement.In current 积极推动金融创新具有更加重要的意义。从微 global economic development and competition,only an advantage in 观上看,金融创新是做大做强我国金融业、增 independent innovation can eralize a nation s dream to ebcome powerfu1. 进微观经济主体利益的需要。金融创新可以促 The capability of independent innovation is now a decisive factOr in 进金融机构业务的创新和多元化,从而为金融 international competitiveness.With finance ebing hte core of hte national 机构拓宽盈利空间,为投资者和融资者拓宽选 economy,it is of greater signiifcance to actively promote financial 择空间。当前,金融创新正在成为金融业谋求 innovation.From hte micro eprspective,fmancial innovation is necessary to enlrage and strengthen China s financial industry as well as to raise 发展、增加效益、提高竞争力的有效途径。 the profitability of microeconomic entities.从宏观上看,金融创新则是事关国家经济 Financial innovatiOn can help business innovation and diversification of ifnancial institutions安全的大事。金融是经济发展到一定阶段的必 , thus contributing to expand their profitable activities and meanwhile 然产物,运用金融资本实现资源配置是有效配 create more options for investors and borrowers.At present.financial 置资源的高级形式。在全球范围内,金融资本 innovation is being understood to be an effective approach for the 对实体经济的影响力已经越来越大。在世界经 ifnancial sector to develop,raise profits and enhance competitiveness. 济进入新经济时代之后出现的最重要经济现象, At the macro level,financial innovation is a matter of nationa1 就是由金融衍生工具创造的虚拟金融。经济的 economic security.Finance is a necessary product of economic 全球化,金融交易的网络化、电子化,进一步 development,and allocating resources by using ifnancila capital serves 导致金融衍生交易工具的广泛运用,在金融市 as an advanced nad effective form of ersource allocation.The influence 场上,虚拟金融的乘数效应不断放大。比如, of ifnancial capital on hte real economy is increasingly important in tlle 2005年全球外汇市场的日交易量达到2万亿美 world.Virtual ifnance created by derivatives is now the most magniifcent 元,10天就相当于全球贸易年结算量的总额。金 economic phenomenon after the world economy entered the new 融资本通过金融衍生交易工具的创新、整合,被 economic age.Economic globalization,along with financial e—tradin 成千上万倍地放大,形成了强大的对实体经济 has further contributed to the wide application of ifnancial derivatives. 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

6 中国货币市场2006.5 【ence the increasing multiplier effect of virtual finance in ifnancial:的控制力。在很大程度上,谁拥有这种控制力, aarkets.For instance,daily trading in global FX market reached US¥2’谁就拥有了国际市场上资源和商品的定价权。 rillion in 2005,that is,ten days’turnover equaled the grand total of’ 经过20多年的改革开放,我国参与全球经济 vorld trade in one year.Financial capital,increasing by thousands of. 的程度不断深化,成为全球经济的重要环节。但 old through derivatives innovation and integration,is exerting a mighty:是,最近在国际重要原材料市场上发生的若干起 ffect on the real economy・To a large extent,whoever controls this:与‘‘中国因素”相关的事件,暴露了我国在获取 owercanpossesspricingrightson resourcesandcommoditiesinglobal’全球资源配置权方面的重大缺陷目前,我国在 narkets・ .After more than two decades of reform and opening‘up,China’s:场上。re mg part 。 pat 0n m the w。 d。。。“。mY has mad。the。oumry an : 世界第二大石油进口国mp。rt nt “k m g 。b 。。。“。mY・However, 。n。 。t 。。。nt ffa ’ 稀土出口国。lated to”ch “ Factors”in he international mark。 0f maj。 w : 铁矿石市场上n aterialshave given light to Ch na's h0nc。肋“g m。 “ ..“g tl1。pow。 : 格有相当大的影响力lf global.Iuveror s resources allellerinintemaocatitionon.Currentla1 energv an‘y.China i raWmathas become a majerj a】markets suc-h- aor-as ・.  Ii metal ores and agricultural n ucts markets.For example,china:市场的价格形成。但事实却是,我国在这些大型 -。r-s the second biggestimporter 0foil,the top importer 0f ir ore,and : he No.1 exporter of rare eaJth.According to the traditiona1 theory of:地接受既定事实,并为此付出巨大代价。2005 ̄g,,ligopolistic competition,China,as the biggest buye r'should have a ・ 我国进口原油atllergreatinfluence on pricesinthe oil aJ1diron oremarkets;aJ1din : 3・he rrae.earthmarket,ChinaistheindustryoligarcIlic supplierand should:增长40・7%;进口铁矿石2.75亿吨,增长31%,lave great ability to influence the setting of global market prices. ’ 占全球铁矿石海运贸易量的三分之一以上,但国 -Iowever.the fact is that China has little say in pricing these major・ 际铁矿石价格却上涨71・.trategic commodities,and can only passively accept the given price. : 增加成本支出超过1n 2005,China imported 127 million tons ofcrude oil,up 3.3%year-:稀土5.)n’year;whilethe valueoftheimports climbedyear-on—yearby40.7%’更达到5・53万吨,但稀土出口价格在2004年却 0 US¥47.723 billion.For iron ore,the imports in 2005 rose by 31%to.下降了46.175 million tons,accounting for over one third ofglobal iron ore trade:类商品目录,其出口价格才有所上涨。}y ocean shipping;while the 71.5%soar in hte ore price costed China’s ’ ron and steel enterprises an extra of US¥10 billion on the materia1.’大程度上是因为我国缺乏有效手段控制金融资 2hina's exports ofrare earth was 53,000 tons in 2004,or 85%ofglobal :本upply,andthefigure reached 55,300tonsin 2005;however,the export:展开国际资源的竞争。以石油为例,从商务部公 )irceofrrae earthfellby46・2%in 2004 and recovered slightlyin 2005:布的统计数据看vhen it was listed among forbidden commodities of processing and’ 中国海油和中化为核心的中国石油企业在世界30 rade・ : 多个国家参与了65个油气项目勘探和开发The reasonforChina’slackofglobalpricingpowerforbulk strategic:计投资70亿美元',ommodities, 。 larg。extent,lies in the fa。t hat China,without:均每个项目投资只有1。。 。m。 。 。。。nt 。l fi“an。i l。api l,fails 。f0rill powerful ・ :1naka。。 ln : f。 。 amplapn ynee.A。。。r唱Y c0dimp“g t 。o t gatilst0bi c frl re om h。Mi。 。。 h“iig y 0f:h。nd・ . 2 设在纽约的阿克塞斯ommerce,China's oil enterprises haveparticipatedin  65 pro.’ l. and g pr‘,) pecting nad。 pl。嘣 。“m ...m。re tll,an 30。。 ntri,.。 witjects oh f:(・ aa accumulative investment of US¥7 billio“and a procurement of 60: tirllion tons ofshare oil.Nevertheless.each .investment project averaged . 。merely US¥107.7 million with 923,lo0 tons of e oilI In he : neantime,internationa1 oil me嚷ers often involve billions or even tens . 从商品领域扩大到金融领域。据不完全统计,自 )f billions of US dollar.For instaJ1ce,the New York based Access nad : 2001年5月7日,交易所正式推出摩根士丹 。石油、金属矿石、农产品等国际能源和原材料市 ,已成为重要的tc买家,,或cc卖家”。我国是 ,最大的铁矿石进口国和 。按照传统的寡头竞争理论,在石油、 ,作为最大的买主,中国理应对价 ;给方的行业“寡头”。 而在稀土市场上,作为供 ,中国更应当有能力影响国际 。 ’ …’ 。 战略商品的毒价问题上话语权都很小,只能被动  1・2 7亿吨,原油进口同比增长 3%,但原油进口金额达到477.23亿美元,同比  5%,导致我国钢铁企业  O0亿美元。2004年我国出口 3万吨,占全球总供给量的85%,2005 ̄- 2%,2005年因被列入加工贸易禁止  我国缺乏对大宗战略商品的国际定价权,很 ,难以形成强大的金融资本合力,在高端领域 ,近几年以中国石油、中国石化、 ,累 ,共获份额油6000万吨,但平 .077亿美元,获得份额油 92.31万吨。而同期发生的国际海外石油并购金 额则往往达几十亿美元甚至上百亿美元,(Acc如总部 chatterjE贮) 4 亿欧 买 ess) 实业与切特基 蚕 塞尔公司(Baseu)。两者相比,我国企业的投资 微乎其 ………… ~一…,缺 ; 。…  …~… ~ 值得关注的是,当前国际资源配置之争正在 } 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

c NAM0NEY MI吖20o6 7 利资本(MSCI)中国外资自 表1 境外机构已推出和即将推出的中国股指类金融衍生产品 Table 1 China stock index ifnancial derivatives launched and to be launched by oveaseas institutions 由指数期货以来,境外机构 _jI_… ■ 已经抢先我国推出了四种中 ■孤I稠日IiⅡ■Ii日n●■哪●“ 国股指类金融衍生产品,并 中国番港 港交所 ●根士丹利资本(MSCt)中国 3'只成分般(H股.红筹段,B股. 外资自由指数期货 2001-0SD7 N股) 拟推出另三种股指类金融衍 Hong Kong.China HongKongBd目n9B MSCI China Free Index Futures 31 conaUtuentstocks(I+share.Red Chip.B-sham.N-share) 生产品(见表1)。 中国 港交所 H股指数期货 2003.12-08 H股 Hong Kong.China HongYcngExd ̄llge H.shares Index Futures H share 境外机构抢注中国金融 中国番港 港交所 H股指数期权 H股 期货,首先将导致中国交易 Hong Kong.China HongKongF.xd ̄nge H-sharesIndex Futures 20o4.O6 14 H share 所竞争力下降,金融资源和 美国 芝加哥期权交易所 推出之初包括在纽约.纳斯 US Chicago Beam 中国指数期货(CX.CBOE) 交易税费流失。抢注行为有 20O4.10.18 达克上市的16家中国公司 Options Exchange CXCBOE f 。 ∞ 选 。 可能形成我国股票的现货市 新加坡 新加坡交易所 中国A股股票指数期货 即将推出 若干只A股 场与股指期货市场在境内外 Singapore S ̄gapore E)c|:hange China A-shares Index Futures TobeIaunchad SeveraIAshams 分割的局面,造成中国资本 中国 港交所 类似中国A股股票指数期货 即将推出 若干只A股 Hong Kong.China HongKingF.xd ̄nm SimilartoChinaA-s/naresIndexFutures TobeIaunched SeveraI A shares 市场结构缺失,这将会使中 美国 芝加哥期权交易所 中国指数期权 即将推出 在中■搁散期货(cx)基础t推出 国交易所在未来国际竞争中 U.S. 品凛 China Index Options oTeblaurtched Based OI3 CX.CBOE 处于十分不利的地位,导致 各种渠道投资境外市场b:“》E、* n l hl+l7 口 + 。 ‘. gl obal competition and result in the lOSS ofthe right to use financial ,但A股市场大部分投, 资者无法投资境外金融市场,不同投资者之间 :reso“rces swel arg。 m一 oun 。 ad ng and 。。・s。 。“d y’m。 h na'.s stock.powero fC竺 过萼 苎兰 翌 竺 量 。 :! 。国 篓 季 苎至:b’…lUt 纵 内nA。 m 斯i + U l  ̄ , :bysi 股市场,造成股市巨幅波动,这种潜在的风险 :in such gas p。used to exceed Taiw . ownfupects aspricedisc。ve infonnati。n renecti。n spee li u 会随着中国A股市场曰趋开放而加大,并在货 -annl1 dU tUnradUi1nl 1gX vViltLan l1 ilfLyV’.tLhl 1uUs e 11jl。UyV I 11g ad 1m I 1ad^r1 ekCd币与经济危机爆发之时更为突出。 .chIJ adidUnvVaad-ts1n   tfai ngeC ilcnIJl iaasl sfeutlt c r¨Iel‘s: il bl1  p  : rightsThi rdly,th preem i e liunch。f 又如,我国大型国有企业纷纷选择境外上 :foreign institutions will channel the incremental funds out of china 市,这不能不说与我国自身的资本市场建设滞 : capita1 market and attract pan of the existing funds from the domestic 能否将这一市场自发的力量加以有效的引导和 :and broad.QFIIs can shuttle freely between offshore and A—shar。 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

8 中国货币市场2006.5 means;while most investors in the A—share market have no access to = 金■创新与目际金■中心毫设是 offshore financial markets.Therefore,unfair competition may come 互为匠粟 互相促进的关系 into being among diferent investors.Besides,by using China‘s offshore 首先,国际金融中心的形成发展是金融创 ifnancial futures,global speculative funds may even maliciously 新的结果。金融创新是对金融资源和要素重新 manipulate the domestic A—share market and cause large fluctuations in 组合的活动,每一次成功的金融创新都会创造 hte market.Such a potential risk may increase with hte opening of the 新的交易和新的市场。而与新市场的出现相伴 A—share market.and would become more striking when currency or 生的,往往就是金融中心的形成。例如,二次 economic crisis breaks out. 世界大战后欧洲美元这一金融新产品的诞生, On the other hand,China‘s large state—owned enterprises‘offshore 使伦敦在上世纪8O年代重新成为世界上最具影 IPOs one after naother are undoubtedly related to hte backward state of 响力的国际金融中心之一。还有,金融期货交 hte domestic capital market.It also shows that constant innovation in 易的出现,使芝加哥成为世界金融期货市场的 ifnancial ifeld is na objective necessity,as China's growing economy is 风向标和最重要的国际金融中心之一。 increasingly integratde into hte world economy.111e problem is whether 从上海金融业自身的发展中,我们也能看 wecaneffectivelyguideandutilizethe spontaneousforcesofthemarket. 到金融创新的重要作用。近一个世纪前,上海 Do we select actively or accept passively? RmmlalIlliilllOl and glenI lfanciaI C●mr COB咖ctlen Cll 就是我国民族金融业的开创地。19世纪后半期, 翻■—In■■IOill嘲Ilblr 外国银行、钱庄和票号三种金融势力在上海并 First,the shaping nad development of a global financial center is the 存。1897年5月,中国人自办的第一家银行一 一result of ifnancial innovation.Financial innovation is an activity to re— 中国通商银行在上海成立,开创了本国银行 assort and integrate financial resources and elements,and every 的历史。1920年7月,上海交易所(后改名上 successful innovation may create new trade and new markets.It is the 海物品证券交易所)正式开业。1921年5月,另 一forming of ifnancial centers that often goes along with the emergence 家交易所——上海华商证券交易所正式开业。 of new markets.For instance.the birth of the Eurodollar after World 在货币市场方面,1932年,上海成立银行业联 W II helped London to resume the title of one of hte most influential 合准备委员会,1933年成立票据交易所,标志 obal ifnancila centers in hte 1980s.The emergence offinancila futures 着我国近代化货币市场的出现。期IN,上海的 trading makes Chicago the vane of hte world‘s financial futures market 许多银行还开始办理商业承兑汇票和银行承兑 nad one ofthe most significant financial hubs in the world. 汇票及其贴现业务,不仅开创了银行业承兑贴 111e important effect of ifnancial innovation can also be discovered 现业务的先河,还形成了颇具规模的票据交易 in the development of the financial sector in Shanghai.Nearly one 市场。1936年上海21家主要银行的贴现、押汇、 century ago,Shanghai was hte birthplace of China‘s national financial 买汇三项业务总计规模达到342.7万元,年增 industry.May 1 897 started the history of China‘s own banks with the 长率达到50。9%。票据市场的快速发展引起了 birth of hte f'wst Chinese・run bank in Shanghai.In July 1920 Shanghai 当时银行的注意,银行准备大力推行 Exchange was ofifcially launched.Banks in Shanghai started the 重贴现。但由于1937年7月日本发动了全 businesses of comrnercial acceptance bills,bank acceptance bills and 面侵华战争,这一设想未能实现。上海还建立 discounting.Tllis not only took the initiative of hte banking industry‘s 了外汇交易市场。1916年7月,上海外国银行 acceptance and discounting business,but also formed a paper market 设立的汇兑银行公会与汇兑经纪人公会合并, of considerable scale.Shanghai also set up a forex trading market. 正式成立上海国外汇兑银行公会,上海的1O多 Innovations in Shanghai‘s financila industry had constantly promoted 家本国银行与俄、法、英、德等国开展资金汇 the reforms of China‘s modern financial system as well as the 兑业务。另外,还有1921年扩建的上海金业(黄 development of China’s financial industry.It is for this reason that in 金)交易所,上海的大条银市场(白银市场), the 1930’s,Shanghai became the financial center of hte country and 都在上海金融业的开创和发展中扮演着重要的 even of Asia. 角色。正因为上海金融业的创新不断推动着中 In the age of China‘s planned economy,financial market was cancelled and financial resources were distirbuted according to pre.set 国近代金融制度的变革,促进着中国金融业的 plnas,not to mention ifnancial innovation.Under such circumstances. 发展,使上海在20世纪3O年代,成为了全国乃 Shanghai’s role of financial center vanished.After the reforill and 至亚洲的金融中心。 opening・up,Shanghai,under the leadership from the CPC Central 计划经济时期,金融资源按计划分配,金 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

EYM^Y2o06 g 融市场被取消,金融创新被抑制,上海作为金 Committee and the State Council,resumed its role as a base of ifnancial 融中心的地位也随之消失。改革开放后,在党 innovation.In l 984 Shanghai witnessed hte issuance of the PRC’s first 、的正确领导下,上海重新成为金 stock;in March 1 987,the Bank of Communication,China’s ifrst joint 融创新的基地。1984年,中国第一只股票在上 stock bank,was founded after restructuring;in 1990,the Shanghai Stcok 海发行;1987年3月,中国第一家股份制银行 Exchange made its debut;in 1994,the China Foreign Exchange Trade ——交通银行在上海重新组建成立;1990年,上 System was launched;in l 996,a national uniifed interbank lending 海证券交易所开业;1994年,中国外汇交易中 market went into operation;in 1 999,Shanghai Futures Exchange was 心成立;1996年,全国统一的银行间资金拆借 set up;in 2002,Shanghai Gold Exchange was founded;on August 10, 市场在上海建成;1999年,上海期货交易所成 2005.Shanghai Hcad Office of the People’s Bank of China was 立;2002年,上海黄金交易所成立;2005年8 established.Recently,the Shanghai Financial Derivatives Futures Exchangeis saidtohaveobtainedthegreenlightfromthe StateCouncil, 月1O日,中国人民银行上海总部成立。据称,经 which,if set up,would be mainly devoted to derivatives trading including 批准,以股指期货、权证、期权等衍生 stocksindexfutures,warrants,andoptions.Itisintheprocessofconstant 产品交易为主的金融交易所——上海金融衍生 ifnancialinnovmionsthatShanghaiisabletodefineist statusofdomestic 品期货交易所已获准筹建。正是在不断的金融 financial center and to make steps toward an international financial 创新过程中,上海作为国内金融中心的地位才 centeL 得以确立,并逐步向国际金融中心迈进。 Second,building a global financial center is by itself a significant 其次,建立国际金融中心本身就是一项重 financial system innovation.After the Third Plenary Session of l l th 大的金融制度创新。党的十一届三中全会以后, CPC Central Committee,China clarified the reform direction”to “建立社会主义市场经济”的改革方向已经 establish a system of socialist market economy”.As hte economic system 明确,经济改革逐步展开,到上个世纪90 reform unfolded gradually,China’s economic construction had achieved 年代初,我国经济建设已经取得了举世瞩目的 splendid success by the early 1990s.At hte same time,the constraints 成绩。但是,经济规模约束和约束的问题 from economic scale and instiuttions became increasingly apparent,and 越来越突出,市场发育程度和交易规则的滞后 hte lagging state of market growth and trade regulations has restrained 严重了中国经济的进一步发展,迫切需要 the further development of China’s economy.This calls for the core 真正发挥起金融在资源配置中的核心作用,并 function of finance in allocating resources and promoting the 以此推动经济建设的市场化进程。在这一背景 marketization process of economic buildup.Under such circumstances, 下,我国深层次的金融改革开始启动。小 China kicked off the financial system reform on deeper levels.It is 平同志首先提出了建设上海国际金融中心的战 Deng Xiaoping who first set the strategic idea of building Shanghai 略构想。他说:“上海过去是金融中心,是货币 into an international ifnancial center.”Shanghai used to be a financila 自由兑换的地方,今后也要这样搞。…‘中国在 center and a place where currencies could be exchanged freely.We 金融方面取得国际地位,首先要靠上海。”这些 shoulddothe sameinthefuture.””Chinamustrelyonthedevelopment 深刻论断,为上海国际金融中心建设确立了思 of Shanghai to raise its international status in ifnancial affairs.”Deng 想和理论依据。1992年,党的十四大报告明确 Xiaoping’s profound remarks established the fundamentals in thought 提出了“加快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸 and theory for Shanghai’s future as a global financial center.In 1 992, 易中心之一,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域 hte reportofthe 14thCPCNationalCongresspointedoutthataccelerated 地区经济的新飞跃”,正式把上海国际金融中心 efforts shouldbemadetobuildShanghaiintoaninternafionaleconomic. 建设确立为国家战略。在党的十六大上,江泽 ifnancial and trade center to promote the economic development of hte 民同志进一步指出,要按国际惯例加快推进上 YangtzeRiverDeltaandthewholeYangtzeRivervalley.Thisindicates 海国际金融中心建设,将上海国际金融中心建 htatbuildingShanghaiintoafinancila centerofifcilalybecameanational 设推向了新的历史阶段。 strategy.In the Party’s 1 6th National Congress,Jiang Zemin further 经过20多年的改革与发展,我国的金融业 pointed out that we should abide by international practices and speed 已进入新的发展阶段。在这一阶段,我们面临 up building Shanghai into a global financial center,which has pushed the ifnancial center construction into a new historical stage. 着如何进一步深化改革和适应加入世贸组织后 金融对外开放的问题,面临着如何提高我国金 China’s ifnancial industry has entered a fresh stage of development after two decades of reform and growth.We are now faced with the 融业的运行效率应对金融全球化挑战的问题, problems of how to fu ̄her reform and respond to a much opener 维普资讯 http://www.cqvip.com

ifnancial industry in the post—WTO-entry era;how to improve operational’ 也面临着如何通过增强自身金融实力抵御国际 efficiency of the financial industry to face up to the challenges from’ 金融风险的问题。面对这些问题,党、国务 nifancilaglobalization;howto strengthentheindustry。scapacitytoward. 院审时度势、远瞩,再一次强调了建设上海 offinternational ifnancial irsks.Facing these problems,the CPC Central ’ 国际金融中心的战略目标。2004年7月, Committee and the State Council,with a profound and far—reaching ’ 总在上海视察时,强调要继续推进上海成 insight,insisted on the strategic aim to build Shanghai into a globa1. 为国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心的建设。2006 ifnancial center.InavisittoShanghaiinJuly2004,PresidentHu Jintao. 年3月,总在全国上海代表团的 called for continued efforts to develop Shanghai into an international’ 重要讲话中,提出“上海作为改革开放的先行地 economic,financial,trade and shipping center.In his speech to the 区,有责任、有能力继续当好全国改革开放的排 Shanghai delegation of hte National People。s Congress in March 2006, . 头兵,继续在改革开放方面有所作为”,对上海 President Hu stated that,Shanghai,as the pioneering area in China。s’ 加快国际金融中心建设进一步提出了明确要求。 reform nad opening—up’has hte responsibility and capacity to continue ’ 所以说,上海国际金融战略目标的提出和 to act as the pioneer in the country’s reform and opening—up,and to. 实施,是为提升我国国际竞争力、巩固我国实体 keep playing its due role.This statement has put ofrward clear demands: for Shanghai to speed up its global financial center construction. ’ 经济和改革开放成果的重要战略举措和金融制 Therefore,the enactment nad implementation of htis strategic aim . 度创新。 ofr Shanghai is an important strategic measure and financial system第三,国际金融中心建设对推动金融创新 . innovation to enhance China。s intemational competiitveness and cement ’ 具有重要作用。从国际经验看,国际金融中心往 hte country。s real economyandthefruit of reformandopening—up. ・ 往是一个国家或地区金融创新最为集中的地方。 hTird,building a global financila center is of great significance to金融创新的动力,来自于对超额利润的追求,来 . promotefinancialinnovation.Internationalexperience showsthatglobal’ 自于竞争的压力,来自于市场环境的改变,以及 ifnancial centers always boast the most financila innovations of the’ 信息技术的进步。由于金融中心内聚集了大量 countryorarea.Themotivationforf'mancialinnovationliesinthepursuit. 的金融机构,金融业务的竞争充分,为在激烈的 of excess profits,pressure of competition,changes in market: 竞争中取得一席之地,各金融机构必须努力推 environment,and progress in information technology.With large’ 出符合市场需要的新的金融工具和交易方式, numbers of ifnancial institutions.financial centers see full competition . 创建新的金融组织形态,从而推动金融中心内 of financial business.To survive in the sharp competition,financia1 . 金融创新的发展。同时,在金融中心内,信息技 institutions must strive to introduce new tools and trading pattems to’ 术的运用更加广泛,资源和设备的配置更加完 meet market needs,and to create new financial organizational forms, ・ 备,金融信息的交流更加充分,人员之间的合作 htusdrivingthedevelopmentoffinancilainnovationwithinthefinancia1. 也能够更加顺利,这些都为金融创新创造了良 center.Meanwhile,in financial centers,information technology is: 好的条件。当然,国际金融中心往往采取比较宽 utilized more widely,resources and facilities are better allocated, ’ 松的金融监管,也为金融创新的出现提供 ifnancila information is exchanged more sufifciently,and cooperation . 了适宜的环境。尤其是在离岸金融中心,投融资 among people thus goes smoother.All these have created sound. 活动几乎既不受所在国法令的约束,也不 conditions for financial innovation.Besides.global financia1 centers ‘ 受所使用货币发行国的法令约束,成为名 oftenadoptacomparativelyloose supervisionpolicy,offeringafavorable・ 副其实的自由天堂。金融中心的创新能力使得 environment for financial innovation.In particular,investment and. 金融中心持续地获得创造超额利润的能力,并 ifnancing in offshore ifnancial centers is subject to neither local laws ’ 进一步形成集聚效应,吸引着更多的金融机构, nor urles ofthe currency issuing country,and offshore ifnancila centers’ 成为国际金融中心自我持续发展的内在动力。 raetherefore a realfreeheaven.Innovation capacity enablesfinancia1. 而金融中心的辐射能力又使得金融创新得以传 centers to obtain hte capabiliyt of constantly creating excess profits and: 播、升级,进而推动全球性金融活动的不断升级 furtherforms acentralizing effectto attractmorefinancialinstitutions.’ This turns into an internal power for global financial centers。self- 和发展。● (未完待续) sustaining development.And ifnancila centers。influencing ability helps C一…:一1 一一…一‘:一一…一一J~J……J一 上ll__J ~・ Jll一 . 

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