Unit 1
1. deviate from英 [di:vieitfr?m] 美 [divi·et fr?m]不同于…; 背离，偏离…;1）. The bus had to deviate from its usual route because of a road closure.因为道路封闭，公共汽车只得绕道⽽⾏。
2）. Deviate from socialism and China will inevitably retrogress to semi - feudalism and semi - colonialism .中国离开社会主义就必然退回到半封建半殖民地.2. had he not been….. if 虚拟条件句类似：Were should
1）. Had it not been for his family, He'd have gone away long ago.要是没有家眷拖累, 他早就远⾛⾼飞了.
2）Had he not saved me, I might have been drowned. 我可能溺死了, 若⾮他救了我.3.preclude…from…英 [pr?klu:d] 美 [pr?·klud]
1) A prior engagement will preclude them from coming. 他们因为有约在先,不能来了.2)That will preclude him from escaping.那将使他⽆法逃⾛.3) We try to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.我们努⼒排除任何误解的可能性.
4) . My present finances preclude the possibility of buying a car.按我⽬前的财务状况我是不可能买车的.4. premier 英 [premi?(r)] 美 [pr?m?r]n. 总理; ⾸相;
adj. 第⼀的，⾸位的; ⾸要的; 最先的; 最早的
1) The Prime Minister played host to French Premier Jacques Chirac.⾸相接待了法国总理雅克·希拉克。
2) He has acquired a reputation as this country's premier solo violinist.他已经赢得了该国⾸席⼩提琴独奏家的名誉。3)The premier was in expansive mood.总理⼼情开朗。
5. whereby adv. 通过…; 借以; 与…⼀致;
1) They have introduced a new system whereby all employees must undergo regular training.他们采⽤了新的制度，所有的雇员都必须定期进⾏培训。2）Whereby shall we know her?我们靠什么认出她呢 ?
6. civic adj. 城市的; 公民的，市民的;1）I feel it is my civic duty to vote.
我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务.
2） It's almost ten miles from here to the civic center.从这⼉到市中⼼差不多有⼗英⾥.
7. clear-cut 英 [kl??(r) k?t] adj. 轮廓鲜明的; 清晰的;
● This was a clear-cut case of the original land owner being in the right...这个案例中明显是原⼟地所有⼈有理。● The issue is not so clear cut.这个问题不是那么清楚。8.no ... too... 不...太…
No mountains too high for you to Climb. 没有⼭是你爬不过去的。No job is too small. 没有任何⼀种⼯作是微不⾜道的
9. write off认定…不重要(或⽆⽤)；忽视 If you write someone or something off, you decide that they are unimportant or uselessand that they are not worth further serious attention.
● He is fed up with people writing him off because of his age...他很讨厌⼤家因为他的年纪⽽⼩看他。
● His critics write him off as too cautious to succeed...批评他的⼈不把他当回事，认为他太过谨慎，不能成事。
10. bypass (VERB) （通常为更快地实现某事）越过，避开，绕开 If you bypass someone or something that you wouldnormally have to get involved with, you ignore them, often because you want to achieve something more quickly.● A growing number of employers are trying to bypass the unions altogether...越来越多的雇主试图完全绕过⼯会⾏事。● ...money for new roads to bypass cities.建造新的城市外环道所需的资⾦
11. persecution 英 [p?:s?'kju:?n] 美 [p?s?kju??n]n. 迫害或受迫害，烦扰; 苛求，困扰;.For pity's sake try to stop this persecution.做做好事,设法制⽌这场迫害吧.
. In many cases religious persecution is the cause of people fleeing their country. A case in point is colonial India.很多情况下，宗教迫害是导致⼈们逃奔异国他乡的原因。⼀个典型的例⼦是殖民统治时期的印度。12. spur|sp?:(r)| n.& v
n. [常⽤单数形式] ~ (to sth) a fact or an event that makes you want to do sth better or more quickly 鞭策；激励；刺激；⿎舞同义词motivation
His speech was a powerful spur to action.他的讲话很有⿎动⼒。v.
1) (VERB) ⿎励;激励 If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.
● It's the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey in their flimsy boats... 是⾦钱驱使这些渔民驾着破旧⼩船冒险出海远航。
2) cause sth to happen 使发⽣
. The discovery of diamonds and gold spurred（双r）wealth and immigration in this region……使该地区财富激增，并引发了移民潮13.triumph|tra??mf|
~ (over sb/sth) a great success, achievement or victory 获胜; 克服; 打败; 战胜;. It was a personal triumph over her old rival.这是她对⽼对头的个⼈胜利。. She was confident that she would ultimately triumph over adversity.她相信⾃⼰最终能战胜逆境.
http://www.doczj.com/doc/00dc8aac970590c69ec3d5bbfd0a79563d1ed453.html mend 英 [k?`mend] 美 [k?`m?nd]1) (VERB) 赞扬;赞许 If you commend someone or something, you praise them formally.● I commended her for that action...我赞扬了她的那⼀举动。
● I commend Ms. Orth on writing such an informative article...我对奥思太太写出内容如此翔实的⽂章表⽰赞许。
2) (VERB) 推荐;举荐 If someone commends a person or thing to you, they tell you that you will find them good or useful.● I can commend it to him as a realistic course of action.我可以把这作为⼀个切实可⾏的处理⽅法推荐给他。15. keep one`s eyes on the prize 执着的追求成功. Keep your eyes focused on the prize and never giveup.16. work one`s way to \hrough\\into (通过努⼒)逐步达到
. He spent 16 years with one company, and worked his way into a top management position. 。。。通过努⼒最后成为了公司⾼层
17. unprecedented|?n`pres?dent?d|
that has never happened, been done or been known before 前所未有的；空前的；史⽆前例的
The situation is unprecedented in modern times.这种情况在现代还没有出现过。Such a move is rare, but not unprecedented.这种做法很罕见，但也不是没有先例的。18. appoint|?`p??nt|
1) ~ sb (to sth) | ~ sb (as) sth to choose sb for a job or position ofresponsibility 任命；委任
They have appointed a new head teacher at my son's school.我⼉⼦读书的学校任命了⼀位新校长。
They appointed him (as) captain of the English team.他们任命他为英格兰队队长。
A lawyer was appointed to represent the child.⼀位律师被指定为这个孩⼦的代表律师。
2)[动词 + 名词短语][常⽤被动态](formal) to arrange or decide on a time or
place for doing sth约定，指定（时间、地点）A date for the meeting is still to be appointed.会议⽇期尚待确定。
Everyone was assembled at the appointed time .全体⼈员均按规定时间召集到场。19. handicap 英 [h?ndik?p] 美 [h?ndi`k?p]
1) （⽣理或智⼒上的）残障，残疾 A handicap is a physical or mental disability.● He lost his leg when he was ten, but learnt to overcome his handicap.他10岁时失去了⼀条腿，但他学会了克服⾃⼰的残疾。
2) (N-COUNT) 不利条件;障碍 A handicap is an event or situation that places you at a disadvantage and makes it harder foryou to do something.
● She was away from school for 15 weeks, a handicap she could have done without...她有15周没上学，这给她带来了本不该有的障碍。● Being a foreigner was not a handicap.⾝为外国⼈并不是⼀个障碍。Unit 21.portray
① (VERB) 扮演；饰演 When an actor or actress portrays someone, he or she plays that person in a play or film.● In 1975 he portrayed the king in a Los Angeles revival of 'Camelot'.他1975年在洛杉矶重新上演的剧⽬《卡⽶洛》中扮演国王。
● ...the busty and rumbustious Mrs Hall, excellently portrayed by Toni Palmer.由托妮·帕默精彩演绎的胸部丰满、吵吵嚷嚷的霍尔太太
② (VERB) 描绘；描述 When a writer or artist portrays something, he or she writes a description or produces a painting of it.● ...this northern novelist, who accurately portrays provincial domestic life.这位准确描述外省家庭⽣活的北⽅⼩说家
● ...the landscape as portrayed by painters such as Claude and Poussin.克劳德和普桑等画家所描绘的风景
2. Exemplary |ig?zempl?ri| providing a good example for people to copy 典范的；可作榜样的；可作楷模的Her behaviour was exemplary.她的⾏为堪作楷模。
a man of exemplary character⼀个具有模范品德的⼈3. Take\\hold sb captive
They were taken captive by masked gunmen.他们被蒙⾯的持枪⽍徒劫持了。
The picture gave rise to speculation that the three were still alive and being held captive.
这张照⽚让⼈们猜测这3个⼈还活着，⽽且被囚禁起来了。4. Dart |dɑ:t; 美 dɑ:rt|
[动词 + 副词或介词短语] to move suddenly and quickly in a particular direction 猛冲；突进；飞奔A dog darted across the road in front of me.⼀条狗突然在我⾯前窜过马路。
Her eyes darted around the room, looking for Greg.她环视了⼀下房间，寻找格雷格。
~ a glance/look (at sb) to look at sb suddenly and quickly （朝某⼈猛然）看⼀眼，瞥⼀眼[动词 + 名词短语, 动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语]He darted an impatient look at Vicky.他不耐烦地朝维基瞥了⼀眼。He darted Vicky an impatient look.他不耐烦地瞥了维基⼀眼。
5. Anonymous |??n?n?m?s; 美??nɑ:n-|
(of a person ⼈) with a name that is not known or that is not made public 不知姓名的；名字不公开的an anonymous donor 不知姓名的捐赠者
The money was donated by a local businessman who wishes to remain anonymous . 这笔款⼦是当地⼀位不愿透露姓名的企业家捐赠的。词根
Onym英 ['?n?m] 美 ['?n?m]=nam,表⽰\"名字\" adj.anonymous匿名的
an⽆+onym名字+ous……的→匿名的
Homonymous 英 [h?'m?n?m?s] 美 [ho?'m?n?m?s]adj. 同⾳异义的，双关的，同名的;homo英 ['h?m??] 美 ['ho?mo?]
同+onym名字+ous……的→homonymous同名的Onymous署名的anonymous letter 匿名信
6. rigorous 英 [?r?g?r?s] 美 [?r?ɡ?r?s]adj. 严密的; 缜密的; 严格的; 枯燥的;双语例句
1. Taxis must conform to the rigorous standards laid down by the police.出租车必须遵守警⽅的严格规定。
2. The selection process is based on rigorous tests of competence and experience. 选拔过程是基于对能⼒和经验的严格测试.
7. Land |l?nd|1) JOB ⼯作
(informal) to succeed in getting a job, etc., especially one that a lot of other people want 成功得到，赢得，捞到（尤指许多⼈想得到的⼯作）[动词 + 名词短语]
He's just landed a starring role in Spielberg's next movie.他刚得到⼀个机会，在斯⽪尔伯格执导的下⼀部电影⾥担任主⾓。[动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语]
She's just landed herself a company directorship.她刚在⼀家公司谋到⼀个主管的职位。
2) [单独使⽤的动词] to come down through the air onto the ground or another surface 落；降落；着陆The plane landed safely. 飞机安全着陆了。A fly landed on his nose. ⼀只苍蝇落在他的⿐⼦上。take off
3) ARRIVE IN PLANE/BOAT 乘飞机 / 船到达
[单独使⽤的动词] to arrive somewhere in a plane or a boat （乘飞机或船）着陆，登陆We shall be landing shortly. Please fasten your seatbelts.我们很快就要着陆，请您系好安全带。The troops landed at dawn.部队已在黎明登陆。
They were the first men to land on the moon.他们是⾸批登上⽉球的⼈。
8. Compliment |?k?mpl?m?nt; 美?kɑ:m-|
① (N-COUNT) 赞美;恭维(话) A compliment is a polite remark that you say to someone to show that you like their appearance,appreciate their qualities, or approve of what they have done.to pay sb a compliment (= to praise them for sth)对某⼈表⽰赞扬
● You can do no harm by paying a woman compliments...对⼥⼈说些恭维话没有坏处。
② (VERB) 赞美;恭维 If you compliment someone, you pay them a compliment.● They complimented me on the way I looked each time they saw me...每次见到我，他们都称赞我的外貌.
9.as they are 通常⽤在词尾，表⽰“照现在的样⼦;照现在的情形”，单数则⽤as it is.The wise person accepts things as they are. 智者对⼀切事物随遇⽽安，泰然处之。I learned long ago to face lif e as it is, not as I wish it to be. 直⾯现实⽣活10. calling 英 [?k?:l??] 美 [?k?l??]
n. （从事某职业或活动的，尤指帮助他⼈的）强烈冲动；使命感；天职;
Some think teaching is a profession; but for me,it is a calling. ⼀个使命11. embark 英 [?m?bɑ:k] 美 [?m?bɑrk]vi. 上飞机，上船; 着⼿，从事;
vt.使…上船或飞机; 使从事，使着⼿; 投资于;embark on/upon sth
① (VERB) 着⼿；开始做 If you embark on something new, difficult, or exciting, you start doing it.● He's embarking on a new career as a writer...他即将开始新的职业⽣涯——当⼀名作家。
② (VERB) 登(船);上(船) When someone embarks on a ship, they go on board before the start of a journey.We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.我们站在突码头上⽬送他们登船。They embarked the troops by night.他们让部队在夜⾥上了船。
12. deprive of 英 [di?praiv?v] 美 [d??pra?v ?v]
.deprive sb/sth of sth to prevent sb from having or doing sth, especially sth important 剥夺；使丧失；使不能享有They were imprisoned and deprived of their basic rights.他们遭到监禁并被剥夺了基本权利。
Why should you deprive yourself of such simple pleasures?你为什么连这种简单的娱乐也不让⾃⼰享受⼀下呢？13.Lead by example 以⾝作则
Good parents lead by example rather than only tell their children what to do.
14. Majesty |?m?d??sti| (pl. -ies)[不可数名词] the impressive and attractive quality that sth has 雄伟，壮观；庄严；威严;崇⾼the sheer majesty of St Peter's in Rome 罗马圣彼得⼤教堂的雄伟庄严the majesty of the music 那⾳乐的庄严⽓氛
[可数名词] His/Her/Your Majesty a title of respect used when speaking about or to a king or queen （对国王或⼥王的尊称）陛下
15. live on 英 [liv ?n] 美 [liv ɑn]
继续活着; 继续存在; 住在…上; 以…为⾷;. I live on my own in a studio flat.我⾃⼰住在⼀个单间公寓⾥。
. They are still having to live on very low incomes.他们现在还得靠微薄的收⼊过⽇⼦。
. The press conference was broadcast live on Polish television.波兰电视台现场直播了记者招待会。
. The family was forced to live on credit from local merchants.这家⼈不得不靠向当地商⼈赊账⽣活。
. You'll have enough to live on. 你会有⾜够的钱⽣活下去。. I live on an invalidity pension. 我靠伤残养⽼⾦过活。. It was becoming more and more difficult to live on his salary.他越来越难以靠他的⼯资维持⽣计了。. I live on the ground floor. 我住在⼀楼。
(PHRASAL VERB) 继续活着；存在下去 If someone lives on, they continue to be alive for a long time after a particular point intime or after a particular event.
● I know my life has been cut short by this terrible virus but Daniel will live on after me.我知道这种可怕的病毒会让我的⽣命提前结束，但丹尼尔会在我死后继续活下去。
央视⽹消息：在接受央视两会⾯对⾯的采访中，全国政协委员、演员陈道明对圈内⼀些演员的职业精神发表了⾃⼰的看法。
全国政协委员、演员陈道明有些演员职业精神远远不够
记者：当您看到这些，⼀夜就能成为爆红的⼀些明星，可能他们的⽚酬，⽐您不知道⾼多少的时候，您什么⼼态？陈道明：并不是我们拿多少钱，应该不应该，也不是他们拿多少钱，应该不应该，是不是你认真地完成了你的职业。记者：您理解的您的职业，应该是什么？陈道明：职业操守。记者：是什么？
陈道明：认真⼯作，全⼼创作，各⾏各业的职业精神，我觉得都是⼀样的。记者：如果⽤这样的职业精神，您去衡量⼀下，现在出现的所谓的明星的话？
陈道明：我觉得好的还是⼤多数，我也跟很多年轻演员接触过，他们有的时候也说，说我们没办法，他们也要存活呀，有时候不能不随波逐流，这个天体这个漩涡，它的⼒量之⼤，是每⼀个粒⼦组成的，这粒⼦是谁呢，就是我们，当你卷进这漩涡的时候，你好像是被动卷进去的，但是你到了⾥头就成了动⼒。记者：可以不进去吗？陈道明：可以。记者：要付出什么？
陈道明：被边缘化，所以我也⾮常理解他们，现在我觉得问题出在，不出在他们年轻上，也不出现在貌美上，是他们没有⼀个正确的职业观，你⼲这个职业，现在动不动，什么⼿破了，什么哪⼉摔伤了，什么冬天在⽔⾥头，夏天穿着⼤⽪袄，变成了⼀个演员的功劳，你就是⼲这个的，你拿的就是这份钱，⼈家清洁⼯早上4点起早，你还在被窝⾥怎么说呢你的职业就是这个，然后还把它当作敬业，你演员就应该吃苦，就应该吃这样的苦。
演员⾃我要求必须严格
演员是⽂化作品的重要承载者，演员的职业和道德情操，直接影响精神产品的质量和社会效果。⽽⼀个民族⽂化欣赏⽔平的⾼低，决定了整个民族的⽂化⽓质，作为⼀名演员，陈道明对⾃⼰有明确的要求。陈道明：有些剧我不拍。记者：什么剧不拍？
陈道明：抗⽇神剧我就不拍。它不光是⼀个电视剧的问题，牵扯到⼀个正确的历史观问题，我想“90后”“00后”“10后”，将来看现在的抗⽇剧，是不是认为抗⽇就是那样，穿着⽪⼤⾐，拿着驳壳枪，男的像潘安，⼥的像柳如是，是不是都是那样。记者：还有什么不拍？
陈道明：伪历史剧，我说的伪历史剧，就是这个剧是完完全全不靠边的。记者：您不觉得，您能做的实在是太少了？
陈道明：这个只有靠⾏业的⽂化⾃觉，我作为我们演员，提⾼⾃⼰的⼀个鉴别意识，⽂化觉悟⼀点点提⾼，辨识度⼀点点提⾼，这得需要多漫长的爬坡，反正我是这样，有些东西我是坚决不拍的，我就觉得⽂化问题，是⼀个特别重要的问题，给⽼百姓到底端上什么样的菜，吃什么样的饭，喝什么样的汤。记者：作为⼀名演员，可以给这个社会输出⼀些什么？
陈道明：情感，⼈类良性的情感，对国家的情感，对亲⼈的情感，对族⼈的情感，其实每个⼈如果都有⼀种情怀的话，良性的情怀，我觉得不愁出好⽚⼦。
记者：所以从这个⾓度，演员对社会的责任是什么？
陈道明：你必须要鉴别这个东西，输出给社会，是不是能起到温暖⼈改变⼈的作⽤？
记者：因为演员他和普通⼈不⼀样，有⼀种放⼤的效应，别⼈会向你学的，所以你必须得⽤更严格的要求，去要求⾃⼰。陈道明：我昨天在跟刘恒⽼师聊天，他就说我觉得我⽣活上拘谨，我说鱼和熊掌不能兼得，没有说你⼜可以花天酒地，你⼜功名利禄。
记者：您要舍哪⼀块⼉？陈道明：尽量净化⾃⼰吧。记者：你要付出的是什么？
陈道明：我要付出的是约束，对⾃⼰的约束，不是什么话什么事都能做。记者：所以这就是您明⽩了，现在有不少演员，他没明⽩这⼀点。
陈道明：慢慢碰钉⼦，我也再重复⼀遍，并不是他拿多少钱，我们不要聚焦这个，我觉得你拿这么多钱，是不是⼲了这么多的事，是不是你对得起观众，⼯作是怎么做的，我觉得我更看重的是这个。
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