祈使句

Unit 3 聚焦语法--------祈使句（Imperative Sentence）

祈使句（Imperative Sentence）

一．定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此也常称为命令句。

祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：

Go and wash your hands.（去洗你的手。——命令）

Be quiet, please.（Please be quiet.）（请安静。——请求）

Be kind to our sister.（对姊妹要和善。——劝告）

Watch your steps.（走路小心。——警告）

Look out！Danger！（小心！危险！——强烈警告，已如感叹句）

Keep off the grass.（勿践草坪。——禁止）

No parking.（禁止停车。——禁止）

祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如：

You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯你去告诉他。）

二、相关口令 祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;

动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变;

朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。

三、表现形式

●肯定结构:

1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。

有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。Stand up.起立。

如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。

有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do

Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do study hard. 一定要努力学习。

2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。

如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子!

3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。

●否定结构:

1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我!

Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!

2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。

Let’s + （not）动词原形 …

eg. Let’s go home together./ let’s not talk in the class.

3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词／动名词”

如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! No parking! 禁止停车！

No entry! 不准入内！ No litter! 不准乱扔杂物！

●反意疑问句 注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we)?

b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you .

Let me have a rest , will you (won't you )?

回答Let's～的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用NO，let's not.

c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些. 用 will you 或won't you . 如:Have a rest , will you? Stand up , will (won't) you?

Don't do that again, will you? Go with me, will you / won't you ?

句型转换. 祈使句与陈述句的改写

1．祈使句=You must …（陈述句）Come here .过来。 =You must come here . 你必须过来。

Don''t do that again. =You mustn‟t do that again你一定不可以再那样做了。

2．Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ～?（陈述句）

Please help me .请帮帮我。 =Will you (please) help me?你愿意帮我的忙吗？

Come here on time ,please .请准时到这儿。=Will you (please) come here on time ?

请你准时到好吗？

练习题。

一、将以下祈使句改为否定式：

1. Come here early.

2. Ask him.

3. Please wait for her.

4. Read the book carefully.

5. Sit under the tree, please. 6. Let’s go there together.

二、将下列汉语翻译成英语。

1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________.

2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________!

3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________!

4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________.

5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________.

三. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.

2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.

3. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.

4. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.

5. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.

6. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.

四、单选题。

( )1. Jim, _____ me a hand. A. gives B. is giving C. will give D. give

( )2. ____ careful, Jenny! There is a tree in front of you.

A. Am B. / C. Be D. Was

( )3. Let's ____ our time.

A. not waste B. no wasting C. not to waste D. no waste

( )4. —____ higher, and you will see the house. —OK.

A. If you stand B. To stand C. When you stand D. Stand

( )5. Please ___ do it. A. he B. let him C. let he D. him

( )6. _____ let anyone open the door.

A. Don't B. Will C. Not D. No

( )7. —Don’t be late again. —Sorry, ______.

A. I may B. I must C. I will D. I won’t

( )8. —Call me when you get home. —OK, ____.

A. I must B. I can C. I will D. I may

( )10. ____ come in, please. A. Will B. Do C. Won't D. Did

( )9. Let John finish the work all by himself, ____?

A. shall we B. will you C. do you D. do we

( )10. ---Let’s go home, shall we? --- _____.

A. That’s right. B. That’s all C. That’s all right ( )11.Please turn on the light, _____?

A. are you B. shall we C. shall I D. will you

( )12. Don’t tell him the fact now, _____?

A. shall we B. shall you C. will you D. do you

( )13.Let the children not make so much noise, ____?

A. shall we B. will you C. shall I D. do you

D. All right

( )14.Let’s not begin our supper until father comes back, ____?

A. will you B. won’t you C. shall we D. shan’t we

( )15. ____ 6 and 4, and you will get ten.

A. Added B. Adding C. To add D. Add

( )16.____ late again, or I’ll report it to your father.

A. Don’t be B. You aren’t C. Can’t be D. Aren’t ( )17. John, read the text for us,________?

A .does he B. will he C. do you D will you

( )18.. Let’s do it at once, ________ ?

A .shall we B .will you C. do we D. do you

( )19.Let us do it at once, ________ ?

A shall we B. will you C. do we D. do you

( )20. ______ tell a lie.

A. Hardly B. Not C. No D. Never

( )21.. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.

A. Not to read B .Don’t read C. Don’t to read D. Not read

( )22. Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock

A .is sure B. is sure that C. will be sure D. be sure

( )23. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated.

A. be B. are C. is D. being

( )24. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.

A. Getting B. Get C. To get D. Got

( )25. Never come late again, ______?

A. will you B. won’t C. do you D. does he

( )26. If you want to stay, let me know, ______?

A. will you B. shall we C. do you D. do we