世界历史第26课测试卷

姓名： 日期： 分数：

课题：地理大发现

一、多项选择题（20题，每小题3分，共60分）

1．支持哥伦布西行远航横渡大西洋，寻找到东方航线的国家是（ ）

A．西班牙 B．葡萄牙 C．荷兰 D．英国

2．由西班牙政府支持的航海活动有（ ）

①欧洲直通印度的新航路的开辟； ②环球航行；

③抵达好望角； ④开通到美洲的新航路； A．①② B．③④ C．②④ D．①②④ 3．一支船队为纪念某航海家开辟新航路的壮举，从西班牙出发重走了一遍该航海家的航线，到达西印度群岛，这条航线是由哪一位航海家开辟的（ ）

A．麦哲伦 B．哥伦布 C．哥白尼 D．华盛顿

4．哥伦布为了寻找通往亚洲的新航线，横渡大西洋后抵达一大岛群，哥伦布将这地方命名为“西印度群岛”，哥伦布到达的西印度群岛位于下列哪一海域（ ）

A．爱琴海 B．地中海 C．加勒比海 D．波罗的海.

5．哥伦布抵达新大陆时，最初登陆的地点，位于下图中的（ ）

A．C区 B．D区 C．E区 D．G区

6．作为第一个横渡大西洋，发现新大陆的航海家，哥伦布的航行方向应是（ ）

A．由西向东 B．由东向西 C．由北向南 D．由南向北

7．哥伦布发现新大陆的航海路线是（ ）

A．欧洲—→美洲—→欧洲 B．欧洲—→非洲—→欧洲 C．欧洲—→亚洲—→欧洲 D．欧洲—→大洋洲—→欧洲

8．如果你亲自体验一下让哥伦布名扬后世的那一段航行，应该（ ）

A．由葡萄牙出发南下，绕过好望角到达印度

B．由中国出发，经马六甲海峡、印度洋到达非洲东海岸 C．由西班牙出发，横渡大西洋到达美洲西印度群岛

D．由葡萄牙出发，经大西洋绕过美洲最南端，经太平洋到达菲律宾

9．哥伦布在第一次航行日记里回忆，“当地的居民都来到岸边，有人给我们送来淡水，有人给我们送来食物”，其中“当地的居民”指的是（ ）

A．埃及人 B．因纽特人 C．犹太人 D．印第安人

10．下列哪个地方是哥伦布没有到达，但却至死都坚信自己已经去过的地方（ ）

A．印度 B．古巴 C．海地 D．巴哈马群岛

11．设想你在导演历史剧《哥伦布》，请你为主角哥伦布选择一句最恰当的台词（ ）

A．我已经完成了史无前例的环球航行 B．我发现了美洲新大陆

C．我经过70多天航行，终于到达了印度 D．我的船队穿过了大西洋和太平洋

12．1992年，第25届奥运会在西班牙的巴塞罗那举行，这—年是（ ）

A．迪亚士首航好望角500周年 B．哥伦布首航美洲500周年 C．达·伽马远航探险500周年 D．麦哲伦船队首航500周年

13．500多年前的一大壮举打破了美洲大陆与世隔绝的状态，这一壮举是（ ）

A．哥伦布的远航 B．拿破仑的远征 C．美国的建立 D．工业革命的兴起

14．美洲是以一位航海家的名字命名的，这位航海家是（ ）

A．迪亚士 B．哥伦布 C．麦哲伦 D．亚美利哥

15．被公认为开创了欧洲航海探险的伟大时代是（ ）

A．迪亚士 B．亨利王子 C．哥伦布 D．麦哲伦

16．哥伦布航行到达美洲这一事件，欧洲人以欧洲中心来理解，美洲土著立足自身看问题，在全球史观的引导下，人们又有新的认识，能正确反映上述说法的一组是（ ）

A．欧洲认为是发现，美洲认为是文明相遇，全球史观认为是侵犯

B．欧洲认为是文明相遇，美洲认为是发现，全球史观认为是侵犯 C．欧洲认为是侵犯，美洲认为是发现，全球史观认为是文明相遇 D．欧洲认为是发现，美洲认为是侵犯，全球史观认为是文明相遇

17．自哥伦布时代起，全球逐渐形成了以哪里为中心的世界经济体系（ ）

A．非洲 B．欧洲 C．亚洲 D．美洲

18．对哥伦布发现新大陆的评价，客观且合理的一项是（ ）

A．哥伦布的作为是进步的，对近代世界文明作出了重大贡献 B．哥伦布是将美洲纳入近代人类文明社会的先驱

C．哥伦布是殖民主义强盗，给印第安人带来灾难 D．哥伦布的活动具有非正义性和进步性的双重特点

19．“是哥伦布，给美洲带来了今天的繁荣”。当原美国总统小布什在一年一度的“哥伦布日”高声赞美之时，委内瑞拉总统查韦斯却呼吁取消这个节日。他说“哥伦布，是人类历史上最大的侵略与种族灭绝的先锋。”对这段话理解不正确的是（ ）

A．野蛮、血腥的殖民活动给落后地区带来了灾难 B．世界联系随着殖民活动日渐加强

C．工业文明的成果随着哥伦布扩展到美洲 D．美洲的传统社会随哥伦布的到来遭到灭顶之灾

20．梁启超曾感叹说，“哥伦布以后，出现了无数的哥伦布；郑和之后，竟无第二个郑和”，出现这种现象的原因主要是（ ）

A．受传统经济结构与政治制度的制约

B．中国再没有出现明成祖这样的开明君主 C．明朝顽固推行彻底的“闭关锁国”政策 D．中国的造船工业比西方落后了

二、材料解析题（1题，共20分）

21．阅读下列材料，回答问题：

At two hours after midnight the land was sighted at a distance of two leagues. They shortened sail, and lay by under the mainsail without the bonnets. The vessels were hove to, waiting for daylight; and on Friday they arrived at a small island of the Lucayos, called, in the language of the Indians, Guanahani. Presently they saw naked people. Columbus went on shore in the armed boat, and Martin Alonso Pinzon, and Vicente Yañez, his brother, who was captain of the Niña. The Admiral took the royal standard, and the captains went with two banners of the green cross, which Columbus took in all the ships as a sign, with an F and a Y and a crown over each letter, one on one side of the cross and the other on the other. Having landed, they saw trees very green, and much water, and fruits of divers kinds. Columbus called to the two captains, and to the others who leaped on shore, and to Rodrigo Escovedo, secretary of the whole fleet, and to Rodrigo Sanchez of Segovia, and said that they should bear faithful testimony that he, in presence of all, had taken, as he now took, possession of the said island for the king and for the queen, his Lords, making the declarations that are required, as is more largely set forth in the testimonies which were then made in writing.

Presently many inhabitants of the island assembled. What follows is in the actual words of Columbus in his book of the first navigation and discovery of the Indies. \"I,\" he says, \"that we might form great friendship, for I knew that they were a people who could be more easily freed and converted to our holy faith by love than by force, gave to some of them red caps, and glass

beads to put round their necks, and many other things of little value, which gave them great pleasure, and made them so much our friends that it was a marvel to see. They afterward came to the ship's boats where we were, swimming and bringing us parrots, cotton threads in skeins, darts, and many other things; and we exchanged them for other things that we gave them, such as glass beads and small bells. In fine, they took all, and gave what they had with good will. It appeared to me to be a race of people very poor in everything. They go as naked as when their mothers bore them, and so do the women, although I did not see more than one young girl. All I saw were youths, none more than thirty years of age. They are very well made, with very handsome bodies, and very good countenances. Their hair is short and coarse, almost like the hairs of a horse's tail. They wear the hairs brought down to the eyebrows, except a few locks behind, which they wear long and never cut. They paint themselves black, and they are the color of the Canarians, neither black nor white. Some paint themselves white, others red, and others of what color they find. Some paint their faces, others the whole body, some only round the eyes, others only on the nose. They neither carry nor know anything of arms, for I showed them swords, and they took them by the blade and cut themselves through ignorance. They have no iron, their darts being wands without iron, some of them having a fish's tooth at the end, and others being pointed in various ways. They are all of fair stature and size, with good faces, and well made. I saw some with marks of wounds on their bodies, and I made signs to ask what it was, and they gave me to understand that people from other adjacent islands came with the intention of seizing them, and that they defended themselves. I believed, and still believe, that they come here from the mainland to take them prisoners. They should be good servants and intelligent, for I observed that they quickly took in what was said to them, and I believe that they would easily be made Christians, as it appeared to me that they had no religion. I, our Lord being pleased, will take hence, at the time of my departure six natives for your Highnesses, that they may learn to speak. I saw no beast of any kind except parrots, on this island.\"

——《Christopher Columbus's Voyages of Exploration》

（1）材料是跟随哥伦布的一位船员登陆美洲大陆后的所见所闻，他眼中的当地土著居民是什么样的形象？ （2）材料中哥伦布跟美洲土著人做了一些什么交易？获利最大的是哥伦布还是美洲土著人，为什么？

三、问答论述题（1题，共20分）

22．有人说，哥伦布发现美洲大陆是偶然的，是哥伦布欲前往印度迷失了方向，误入美洲土著人的地方，你同意这个观点吗？为什么？