新概念英语第一册 L81 - L84

Lesson 81 Roast beef and potatoes

I. The text & grammar

1. What’s the matter, Carol?

What’s the matter (with sb.) ? = What’s wrong (with sb.) ?

2. You are going to have roast beef and potatoes again tonight!

① be going to表示将来，与will的区别为

♦ be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情，will 表示的将来时间则较远。

He is going to write a letter tonight.

He will write a book one day.

♦ be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。

He is seriously ill. He is going to die.

He will be twenty years old.

♦ be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：

She is going to lend us her book.

He will be here in half an hour.

♦ 两者都能表示猜测，在有迹象的情况下用be going to, 没有迹象表明的情况下两者均可。

Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain.

I think the weather will be nice.

I think the weather is going to be nice.

♦ 当动词表示内心活动时，表示猜测的句子必须用will。

I think she will like the cake I made for her.

② V-ing形式也能表示将要发生的动作，此时不表示动作正在进行。

♦ 表示计划安排好的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，此时的主语往往是人。

I’m meeting Peter at the airport this afternoon.

Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow.

They are getting married next month.

♦ 表示马上就要发生的将来，这类动词主要为瞬间动词，come, go, leave, start, begin, stop, arrive, return等。

We are leaving early tomorrow morning.

The car is stopping in a few seconds.

Let’s hurry! It is beginning to rain.

3. 动词have的用法

① 有→ have / have got

② 吃、喝→ have some meet / have a glass of whisky

③ 表示病情→ have a cold / have a toothache/ have a fever/ have a sore back/ have a pain in/on

④ 固定搭配→ have a walk /have a swim /have a rest /have a try.在这里have 与一个名词连用，等于与该名词相当的动词的意义。比如，Let’s lie down and have a rest=Let’s lie down and rest. （让我们躺下休息一下吧） Do you often have dreams?=Do you often dream?（你常做梦吗？）

⑤ 在现在完成时和过去完成时中，have为助动词，无含义。

I have finished homework already.

I had learned French when I was in Paris.

⑥ have to 不得不，不情愿做

I have to meet him in person.

⑦ 使役动词have，用于一下的结构

♦ have sth. done 让别人做某事→ I must have this table photocopied.

He has his tooth pulled out.

Where can I have this printed?

【注释】表示主观意识。此结构也能表示非主观意识：He has his leg broken in a fall. / I had my pocket picked on the subway.

♦ have + 宾语 + V → I have my children clean the house before you arrive.

Our boss won’t have us criticize his work.

♦ have + 宾语 + V-ing（一直处于某种状态）

The two cheats had the light burning all night long.

I won’t have him sitting down to dinner in his overralls.

II. Vocabulary

1. dinner 正餐

meal→ breakfast / lunch / tea / supper

have a big supper

2. have a haircut = have my hair cut

Lesson 83 Going on holiday

I. The text & grammar

1. let’s & let us的区别：

① “Let's”用于提出建议，其中“us”包括对方在内。如：Let's go.我们走吧！（说话人提议对方和自己一起走，这句话等于I（We）suggest that you and I（we）should go.) 若要变成反意问句，应在这个句型后加 shall we, 表示进一步征求对方的意见。例如：

Let's start early, shall we? 我们早点动身,好吗 ?

Let's begin our discussion, shall we? 我们开始讨论,好吗 ?

② “Let us”中的“Let”等于“Allow”（允许），这时“Let us...”=“Please allow us to do...”，请求对方允许自己干某事，这时“us”不包括对方在内。例如：

Let us go. = Please allow us to go.

Let us have a try. = Please allow us to have a try.）

③ 以 Let us开头的句型变成反意问句，应在后面加 will you ,

Let us have another try, will you ? 请让我们再试一试，行吗？

Let us go in, will you? 让我们进去，行吗？