2023届上海市闵行区高三下学期二模英语试卷

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、用单词的适当形式完成短文

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats ___1___ resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more ___2___ may lose nutrients.

Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance ___3___ (taste) each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers ___4___ (raise) in space.

Plant Habitat-04 was one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory ___5___ peppers took much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants there. After growing for four months, the peppers ___6___ (harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, the astronauts also completed a sensory assessment. They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see ___7___ the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food.

Fresh greens, like peppers, provide a great source of key nutrients, which are essential to human bodies. Fresh greens also have psychological benefits. They can help to keep morale (士气) and provide a sense of normalcy (正常) on missions ___8___ all the conditions are distinctively different from the earth. Fresh greens make a long-duration mission ___9___ (bearable) by providing a taste of home.

Looking to the future, the plant experiments have the potential to significantly impact the sustainability of space exploration. They ____10____, one day, provide a food source for long-term habitation of Mars and other planets.

二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can

试卷第1页，共11页

only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A．content B．overextend C．develop D．innovate E. pursued F. top G. surface H. addiction I. emerge J. cloud K. licensed On TikTok, “Self-care” has 28.2 billion views, while the hashtag (主题标签) can be found on over 66 million Instagram posts. Also, books about self-care often ___11___ many people’s shopping lists.On the ___12___, it makes complete sense. Who wouldn’t like the idea of making oneself feel better and taking care of their mind, body and soul? Yet, we have to be careful not to view self-care as a cure-all solution to our problems. Self-care

____13____ without awareness of your specific needs and consistent (一致的) evaluation can cause emotional, financial, mental and physical consequences.

According to Zishan Khan, a psychologist with Mindpath Health, self-care can lead to a person becoming frustrated when met with a sea of suggestions, which ___14___ everywhere from podcasts to self-help books. “So, don’t allow what others suggest to ____15____ your internal voice,” says Khan. “Self-care can only benefit a person if it’s consistent with their goals and values.”

Khan further emphasizes the danger of uncontrolled physically-centered self-care advice, such as from influencers. “Their ___16___ often overly focuses on beauty and improving one’s looks. This can unintentionally lead to body image concern and thus actually worsen one’s mental health,” she says.

Another danger can come when self-care actions reach the level of ___17___, says Melissa Boudin, a psychologist of Choosing Therapy. “When you spend a large amount of time thinking about or practicing a certain self-care behavior, this may be that self-care has gone from beneficial to harmful,” she says, using the example of self-care through healthy eating and then going so far as to ____18____ an eating disorder.

Lena Suarez-Angelino, a(n) ____19____ clinical social worker, has recommended creating a list of activities that make you feel better but don’t ____20____ you. Worthwhile and beneficial self-care may include anything from time with loved ones to walking. While self-care is important, it should not be overdone.

三、完形填空

试卷第2页，共11页

What will you do when you are hungry? Of course, anyone would go and grab something to eat. And then, what determines the ___21___ of food you take in? You may not be right if your answer is the degree of hunger. The conventional concept that ____22____ is the key factor is open to challenge. In recent years, a growing body of research has shown that our appetite and food intake (摄入) are influenced by a large number of factors besides our ____23____ need for energy. Some of the factors include our eating ____24____ and our perception of the food in front of us.

Studies have shown that ____25____ eating, for instance, eating while watching TV, or a similar distraction, can increase both hunger and food consumption. Even simple ____26____ clues, like plate size and lighting, have been shown to affect consumption.

A new study suggested that our short-term ____27____ also may play a role in appetite. Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them — ____28____ , how much they remembered eating.

This difference suggests that the recall of our previous meal may have a bigger influence on our ___29___ than the actual size of the meal, says Jeffrey M. Brunstrom, a professor of experimental psychology at the University of Bristol.

These findings agree with the earlier research that suggests our perception of food can sometimes ______30______ our body’s response to the food itself. In a 2011 study, for instance, people who drank the same 380-calorie milkshake on two ______31______ occasions produced different levels of hunger-related hormones (荷尔蒙), depending on whether the shake’s ______32______ said it contained 620 or 140 calories. Moreover, the participants reported feeling ______33______ when they thought they’d consumed a higher-calories shake.

What does this mean to our eating habits? Although it hardly seems practical to cheat ourselves into eating less, the new findings do highlight the benifit of focusing on our food, avoiding TV and multitasking while eating. The so-called mindful-eating strategies can fight against ______34______ while we are eating. By ______35______ mindful eating techniques, you have the opportunity to change your current eating habits by becoming more self-aware and in tune to your body’s hunger cues. 21．A．quality

B．amount

C．nutrient C．nutrition

D．variety D．flavor

22．A．deliciousness B．hunger

试卷第3页，共11页

23．A．occasional B．potential C．external C．time C．unfocused C．hidden C．supply C．by all means C．appetite C．justify C．dependent C．usage C．happier C．distraction C．clarifying

D．biological D．ability D．absorbed D．flexible D．memory D．all in all D．health D．enhance D．separate D．material D．fuller D．fullness D．assuming

24．A．environment B．content 25．A．habitual 26．A．optional 27．A．vacancy

B．purposeful B．visual B．hunger

28．A．in other words B．as a whole 29．A．motive 30．A．advocate 31．A．identical 32．A．label 33．A．wiser 34．A．distress 35．A．employing

B．growth B．trick B．alternative B．function B．healthier B．waste B．perceiving

四、阅读理解

When I step out onto the deck, I definitely feel the Arctic chill. That’s not surprising. I’m a good hundred miles inside the Arctic Circle; in fact, you can’t get much farther north and still be in Sweden. This is Abisko Mountain Station, perhaps the crown jewel of the Swedish mountain lodges (小屋). I’m back for a second time to this remote, scenic spot.

Last Autumn, a heavy snowstorm trapped me in my tent for days and eventually forced me to go to the station, a comfortable place. I discovered a different side to Abisko. People come here for many reasons – some to hike, some to climb, some to cross-country ski. But there’s yet another entirely different attraction here. Looking out from the deck of the train station, above a huge lake, in the upper sky of the North Pole, the Aurora, as we often refer to the northern light, mixed with green and red, was giving off ghostly light, rolling across the dark night sky.

The Aurora may be old hat to those who live this far north, but for the rest of us it is an unforgettable experience. The lights here were so appealing to us we quickly forgot the discomfort of the cold.

One of the attractions in Abisko is the Tornetrask. It’s a huge lake, which extends more than 70 kilometres long just north of the station, creates an unusual weather phenomenon that

试卷第4页，共11页

keeps the skies above the station clear even when fog or clouds blanket most of northern Sweden. The sky in this area is mostly clear all year around.

Abisko has a lot to offer to make it an ideal place to view the Aurora. It is far from any city lights. The station operates a ski lift to the top of Nuolja Peak, more than 3,000 feet high. For the first time this year, a cafe at the top of the mountain has been turned into a viewing platform for the Northern Lights, called the Aurora Sky Station. Also, the station posts forecasts each night of expected Aurora activity, collected from scientific observations arriving via computer, so visitors may choose the best viewing time. 36．What was the reason for the author’s first visit to the lodge? A．He went there in search of the Aurora. C．He was forced there by the weather.

B．He needed equipment to keep him warm. D．He had to make his food supply there.

37．The phrase “old hat” in 3rd paragraph probably mean “________”. A．severe and struggling C．strange and shocking

B．familiar and unexciting D．mysterious and adventurous

38．According to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT a factor that makes Abisko an ideal place to view the Aurora? A．There is a mountain viewing platform. C．There are no city lights nearby.

B．Weather forecasts are available. D．There is a café shop there.

39．The author’s overall opinion of Abisko is that ________. A．despite the severe weather, it’s an impressive place B．people have overestimated its popularity C．it’s not as popular as it deserves to be

D．the cold weather worsens the Aurora viewing experience there

(You may read the questions first.)

Four types of learners Type A LearnerPeople in this group adapt observations into complex but logical theories. They think problems through in a logical way. They tend to be perfectionists who won’t rest easy until everything is reasonable. They like to analyze and are keen on basic principles and theories. They pay great attention to logic, so questions they frequently ask are: “ ________________ ”, and “How does this go with that?”. They tend to be objective, 试卷第5页，共11页

approaching problems in a consistently logical manner. This is their “mental set” and they reject anything that conflicts with it. They prefer to maximize certainty and feel uncomfortable with subjective judgements. Type B Learner These people are keen on trying out ideas, theories and techniques to see if they work in practice. They positively search out new ideas and take the first opportunity to experiment with applications. They want to try out the new ideas in the courses in practice. They also tend to be impatient with random discussions, and their attention soon begins to wander if they feel they are going round in circles. They are practical, down to earth and like making practical decisions and solving problems. They see problems and opportunities as a challenge, and their philosophy is: “There is always a better way” and “If it works, it’s good”. Type C Learner People in this group involve themselves fully in new experiences. They are open-minded, and this tends to make them enthusiastic about anything new. Their philosophy is: “I’ll try anything once”, so they tend to act first and consider the consequences afterwards. Their days are filled with activities. As soon as the excitement from one activity has died down they are busy looking for the next, as they are only interested in gaining new experiences but are bored with carrying out their plans and they lack perseverance. They constantly involve themselves with others but, in doing so, they seek to center all activities around themselves. Type D Learner They collect data, both first-hand and from others, and prefer to think about it thoroughly before coming to a conclusion. The thorough collection and analysis of data about experiences and events is what counts so they tend to postpone making definitive judgments for as long as possible. Their philosophy is to be cautious. They like to consider all possible angles before making a move, and will be reluctant to become involved in activities that others put forward without having carefully considered the likely outcome.

40．Which of the following can be put into the blank in the first paragraph?A．Do we need more experiments?

C．Do you believe the theory?

B．Do you understand me? D．Does it make sense?

试卷第6页，共11页

41．Suppose John is a person with fresh ideas and willing to check everything out to see what happens. Which type of learner is John? A．Type A Learner C．Type C Learner

B．Type B Learner D．Type D Learner

42．Which of the following is NOT true about Type D learner? A．They are keen on making immediate conclusion. B．Their conclusion comes after data analysis.

C．They outline a possible outcome before taking an activity. D．They prefer not to give out their viewpoints randomly.

In recent years, a lot of “business thinking” books have been published, all of which search for new answers on how to run organizations effectively. Obliquity tells us that the most profitable companies are not the most aggressive in chasing profits. Wikinomics demonstrates new models of production based on community and collaboration. Peter Miller’s new book, Smart Swarm, however, challenge leaders to think differently. He studied creatures, like bees and ants and he found their habits, actions and instincts can be applied to business. Miller believes his book is the first time anyone has explained the science behind management theory. “The examples of how ant colonies (蚁群) or beehives (蜂窝) work are appealing models for organizations and systems that can be applied in a business context,” he says.

So how exactly can bees help run organizations? “By the way they work independently before they work together,” Miller says. “Picture a huge beehive hanging on a tree, with about 5,000 bees competing for space. They know their population is getting too big, leaving them unsafe. They must all agree to find a new home. In today’s business environment, managers need to be able to make the right decisions under intense pressure. Yet, it is clear that some of the best-paid leaders in some of the biggest organizations can get it dramatically wrong. How is it that they can fail to make efficient business decisions when a large group of bees can make a critical decision about their hive in just a few seconds?”

According to Miller, “swarm theory” can help managers in three simple steps: discover, test and evaluate. The bees first realize they have a problem. They then fly into the

neighborhood to find potential new sites. They come back and perform a “dance” to get other bees to follow them. Eventually, the bees with the best dance attract the most votes – and a

试卷第7页，共11页

decision is made. Miller says. “The bee example tells you that you need to seek out diversity in your team. You need to have a way of gathering up quite different ideas so you can make sure you pick the right one.”

Ants, in addition, can help businesses organize workflow and people. In an ant colony, there is no leader. Ants are self-organized, and respond to their environment and each other. One ant on its own could not raid (袭击) a kitchen cupboard, but one ant telling the next one that it’s worth following him to find food ends up creating a food chain. “In an ant colony, you get the right number going in and out searching for food, you get the right number taking care of the babies,” Miller says. “As a manager, this can tell you that your hierarchy (等级制度) is getting in the way of getting the work done.”

43．Miller believes his book differs from other “business thinking” books because ________. A．it focuses on maximizing profits C．it corrects faults in similar books

B．it supports the theory with evidence D．it justifies the previous theory

44．In the second paragraph, the author indicates that the behavior of bees can show managers how to ________.

A．make up for wrongly made decisions C．draw the correct conclusions quickly

B．justify exactly what the real problem is D．keep the team safe under great pressure

45．According to the “swarm theory”, managers need to ________. A．regard decision-making as a cooperative process B．persuade others to follow your ways of thinking C．accept different ideas and keep them balanced D．pick out a right person to make the final decision

46．Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Leadership skills can be developed through practical work. B．Employees work more efficiently when organized by leaders. C．Strengthened hierarchy is the guarantee of work efficiency. D．Employees should be allowed to make their own decisions.

五、六选四

Neuroscientists (神经科学家) now know that brain maturation (成熟) occurs far later than previously thought. Great changes in brain are still taking place during young adulthood,

试卷第8页，共11页

especially in the regions of decision making, reasoning, comparing risk and reward, etc. Indeed, some brain regions do not reach full maturity until the early 20s. ____47____

Maybe. But it’s not as simple as it seems for two reasons.

1. Different brain regions mature along with different timetables. ____48____ The part of the brain that handles logical thinking is usually fully developed by 16, but those involved in self-discipline are still developing in young adulthood. This means they may not have the same level of emotional control, which can make them less responsible for their actions.

2. ____49____ If it did, we wouldn’t have lived in a society that allows teenagers to drive before they can buy beer. Age boundaries are drawn mainly for political reasons, not scientific ones. It’s a pity that neuroscience won’t have much of an impact on politics although it is always correct.

____50____ It is pointless to try to determine the “right” age of maturation. The Dutch, for example, allow children to drink alcohol at the age of 16 but not to drive until they are 19. Even if I firmly believe legal decisions should refer to neuroscience seriously and it’s a good idea to lower the drinking age and raise the driving age, I recognize that the government might never accept it.

A．Science has never had much influence on these decisions.

B．There is no single age at which the teenage brain becomes an adult brain. C．However, neuroscience findings prove to be helpful in making a new boundary. D．Child growth pattens differ and how cultures understand child growth is so different. E．Some people think this knowledge can help us rethink where we draw legal boundaries between kids and adults.

F．This discovery may well indicate that neuroscience can help us better understand the interrelationship among different ages.

六、概要写作

51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point (s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

With the rise of urbanism (城市化), and the attraction of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy. Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a

试卷第9页，共11页

bit of dirt.

Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Our brains evolved in natural landscapes. This means that natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily unfocused. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (注意力缺陷多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds. The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.

Outdoor play can also offer valuable learning experiences. For example, the act of shaping and stretching materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor (感觉运动) development, according to the scientists at the University of Palermo, Italy. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.

Given the known psychological benefits, many day-care centers and schools are already encouraging greater contact with nature: outdoor lessons, regular nature walks and the construction of mud kitchens that encourage children to play in the dirt.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

七、汉译英（整句）

52．考虑到学生的实际需求，学校餐厅周末向学生开放。(open)(汉译英)

53．教练和运动员为决赛做了详细的训练计划，对冠军志在必得。(determine) (汉译英) ．这家饭店对所有客人热情相迎，消费再低也不会被另眼相待。(no matter) (汉译英) 55．这个街区缺乏健身设施的问题引起了当地高度关注，已筹措资金将一幢废弃的厂房改建成一座老少咸宜的运动中心。(attention) (汉译英)

试卷第10页，共11页

八、未知

56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学的学生李华，你们学校将组织一次高三学生参观大学的活动，学生可以从“专业及课程介绍 (Major and Course Descriptions)”; “参观图书馆、实验室 (Library & Laboratory Visiting)”; “随班学习体验 (On Spot Studying)” 和 “与教授面对面 (Dialogue with Professors)” 四个活动中选取两个作为主要活动，特此向高三学生征求意见。请你写一封邮件给活动组织者，内容须包括： 1.你最感兴趣的两个活动; 2.你对这两个活动感兴趣的理由。

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

试卷第11页，共11页